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- Assay of the bacterial flora in the gut, gill and flesh of fresh catfish
(Clarias gariepinus)-
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Authors: John Abiodun Daramola, Felix Oluwasegun Alao, Rukayat Adebisi Adesegun
Pages: 4884 ̵ - 4884 ̵
Abstract: This study was carried out to ascertain the bacterial flora in the gut, gill and flesh surfaces of fresh Clarias gariepinus purchased from four different markets located in Ota metropolis: Iyana-Iyesi, Oja-Ota, Oju-Ore and Sango-Ota. The fresh fish samples were randomly purchased from the markets and analysed using appropriate microbiological procedures. Bacterial isolates were identified based on colonial morphology, microscopy and biochemical tests. Analyses showed that the highest values of total bacteria counts (TBC) were 74.55 x 105 CFU/g in the gut, followed by that of the gill at 47.40 x 105 CFU/g and the flesh, 34.37 x 105 CFU/g; all from fresh C. gariepinus purchased from Oja-Ota market. There were five bacteria specie isolated from the gut, gill and flesh, namely Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Proteus spp. The percentage occurrence of the bacteria species in the isolates indicated that Salmonella spp. had 36.4%, E. coli 27.3%, Citrobacter spp. 9.1%, Shigella spp. 18.1%, and Proteus spp. 9.1%. As a result of the presence of these pathogens in the fish; adoption of good fish culture standards, water quality and feeds, hygienic transportation and proper handling of fish by farmers and at the retail level by the vendors is highly recommended.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis and the associated blood
parameters among trade ruminants at Obollo-Afor market-
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Authors: Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu, Nazarene Chisom Nwankwo, Maria Ifeyinwa Ngwu, Ikechukwu Eugene Onah, Nnenna Favour Nnaji, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh
Pages: 4892 ̵ - 4892 ̵
Abstract: African trypanosomiasis is a haemoprotozoan disease of animals and humans. In animals particularly, the disease directly hinders production and therefore impedes socioeconomic development of Sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of trypanosome infection was investigated in trade goats and sheep sold at Obollo-Afor market in Enugu State, Nigeria. Wet and thin films, haematocrit test (HCT) and buffy coat methods (BCT) were used to detect trypanosomes in jugular blood of the animals. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were also determined. A total of 200 goats and 100 sheep were examined within four months (October 2019 to January 2020). The prevalence rates of trypanosomes in the 200 goats and 100 sheep examined were 0(0.0 %) and 2(0.7 %) respectively. The RBC, WBC, and Hb of the two infected animals were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the uninfected. The average PCV of infected animals (20.65 ± 5.44%) was also lower than that of uninfected (34.17 ± 0.29%) although, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Phenotypic correlation and breed effect on morphometric traits in pullet
chicks-
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Authors: Adelani Abayomi Adeoye, Olubisi Oluseun Oyeleye, Rotimi Adewale Olorunsola, Olumuyiwa Jacob Osunkeye
Pages: 4899 ̵ - 4899 ̵
Abstract: This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm and Animal Production and Health Laboratory of Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa between 12th November to 10th December, 2022. Data collected on body weight and morphometric traits from one hundred and thirty-nine pullets comprise 48 FUNAAB Alpha, 45 Isa Brown and 46 Noiler were subjected to analysis of variance and Pearson correlation to determine effect of breed on growth traits and phenotype correlations among the traits. There was progressive increase in all the traits as age increased, however, FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler had higher values and significantly different (p<0.05) from Isa Brown. The relationships between body weight and other traits were high, positive and very highly significant (p<0.001) in Noiler and Isa Brown. In FUNAAB Alpha the correlations between body weight and shank length, wing length and breast girth were 0.276, 0.926 and 0.938, respectively. Breed had effect on the morphometric traits and increase in any of the traits leads to increase in body weight.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Imidacloprid induced behavioural, thyroid functions and hepatic changes in
exposed African catfish-
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Authors: Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse, Timeyin James Pajiah, Victory Junior Ogodo
Pages: 4905 ̵ - 4905 ̵
Abstract: Imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide widely used across the world, has been discovered in numerous freshwater bodies. There are vast information available on the effects of imidacloprid on freshwater fish. This study further assessed the effects of acute
doses (0, 10, 30, 50 and 70 mg/L) of imidacloprid on behaviour, swimming, hepatic and thyroid parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) after 96 hours exposure. Imidacloprid caused significant behavioural alterations (gulping, abnormal surface distribution, under-reactivity, hypoactivity, reduced opercula activity and loss of buoyancy) in the fish. Reduction in swimming speed and distance travelled was observed in fish exposed to imidacloprid. The levels of amylase significantly increased, while alterations were also recorded in the levels of hepatic (ALT, AST, total and conjugate bilirubin and lipase) and thyroid (T3, T4 and TSH) biomarkers. The findings showed that imidacloprid has the potential to harm aquatic species, justifying restrictions on the use of imidacloprid-based pesticides especially near aquatic habitats.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Comparative analysis of egg qualities of Isa-Brown laying birds collected
from three housing systems-
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Authors: Muyiwa Adegbenro
Pages: 4916 ̵ - 4916 ̵
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the egg qualities of eggs collected from Isa-Brown laying birds under three systems. 90 birds were allotted to three systems of three replicates and 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. External and internal egg qualities were examined at every 28 days, while the egg storage effects were examined at day 7, 14 and 21. Results showed that significant differences (p<0.05) existed between the systems and egg qualities. Highest egg weight (63.22 ± 0.93 g) was recorded in eggs collected from cage, while lowest egg weight (56.71 ± 1.11 g) was recorded in eggs collected from outdoor. Highest shell thickness (0.18 ± 0.01 mm) was observed in egg collected from outdoor, while lowest shell thickness (0.12 ± 0.01 mm) was observed in eggs from cage. Lowest pH (7.37 ± 0.05) was recorded on day seven, while highest pH (8.10 ± 0.04) was observed on day 21 in eggs collected from deep litter and outdoor systems, respectively. The results on egg qualities in relations to the rearing systems reveal that external and internal egg qualities were better in battery cage rearing system. On the storage period, egg consumers should strictly consider seven days storage period at room temperature in order to prevent nutritional and economic loss.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Mosquitoes population dynamics and its implication for control in some
selected local government areas of Anambra State, Nigeria-
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Authors: Emmanuel Okwudili Ogbuefi, Dennis Nnanna Aribodor
Pages: 4924 ̵ - 4924 ̵
Abstract: Insects are beneficial to man, although, some like houseflies, tsetse fly and mosquitoes are vital players in the transmission of certain diseases. A twelve month longitudinal survey of the population dynamics of mosquitoes in Awka South, Awka North and Njikoka Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Anambra State, Nigeria was conducted to determine the predominant mosquito species composition and its breeding ecology between August 2021 and September 2022. Pyrethrum spray trap collections, Centre for Disease Control light trap (CDC-LT) collections, human landing catch (HLC) and larval collection method (LCM) were the methods adopted during the study. Chi-square test was used to check for relationships between mosquito’s abundance and other parameters. The total number of mosquitoes collected was 9346 and the highest number was collected in Njikoka LGA 38.2% (3568/9346), followed by Awka South with 34.4% (3215/9346) and Awka North LGAs with 27.4% (2563/9346). The vector density of 23.1% (741/3215) Anopheles spp., 31.1% (1001/3215) Aedes spp., 25.4% (817/3215) Culex spp. and 18.7% (656/3215) Mansonia africana were also recorded. Distribution of mosquito larvae across the three LGAs showed that mosquitoes breeding habitats includes: domestic containers (17.0%), catchment pits (16.4%), broken buckets and tins (14.7%). Recently, resurgence of yellow fever has been reported in some part of Nigeria which Anambra State is part of which suggests that a sustainable public health education campaign on vector management and control should be intensified which will assist in sensitizing the inhabitants on the public importance of mosquito species in Anambra State, Nigeria.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Recent inventory on parasitic contamination of Nigeria currency notes in
Nsukka metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria-
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Authors: Ijem Anya Nnachi, Uchenna Benjamin Isiwu, Hope Chinwe Ezinwa, Daniel Echude
Pages: 4940 ̵ - 4940 ̵
Abstract: It is established that parasites can spread on the surface of banknotes as they are passed among individuals of different occupations and hygiene level. The Nigerian currency notes in Nsukka were evaluated for parasitic contamination. This was aimed at assessing the parasites that contaminate Nigerian currency notes. A total of 200 notes comprising the denominations currently in use were collected between March to June, 2021 from different occupational groups. The notes were collected into clean polyethylene bags and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The analysis was done following standard procedures. Out of the 200 notes analysed, 75(37.5%) were found to be contaminated with different parasites. Parasites isolated from the currency notes were Ascaris lumbricoides ova, Enterobius ova, Entamoeba histolytica cysts, hookworm larvae and unidentified cysts. A. lumbricoides recorded the highest prevalence, followed by E. histolytica and unidentified cysts, the difference was significant (p<0.05). Currency notes collected from butchers were most contaminated while the least was recorded among cosmetic shopkeepers. The study also revealed that paper notes were significantly more contaminated than the polymer counterpart (p<0.05). The findings from this study indicated that currency notes serve as routes for parasitic infections, hence, people should stop the practice of wetting their fingers with their tongues while counting money and thorough hand washing with detergent is advised after handling money. It is also advocated that the cashless policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should be embraced to reduce the incidence of parasitic infection through regular handling of money.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Variabilities in growth, carcass and organ traits of two chicken breeds
naturally infected with coccidial oocytes-
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Authors: Kehinde Olubunmi Olayiwola, Adewale Johnson Atansuyi, Adeyinka Ignatius Fadahunsi, Damilola Joyce Olusola, Ohiozua Jamiel Afesimi, Kehinde Fatima Ahmed, Clifford Adinma Chineke
Pages: 4947 ̵ - 4947 ̵
Abstract: The overwhelming impacts of coccidial infection on poultry production and profitability have been reported in many studies. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the variations in body morphometry of Abor Acre and FUNAAB Alpha chickens naturally infected with coccidial oocytes. Two hundred day-old chicks at 100 equal numbers were raised for eight weeks. Body morphometric data were collected weekly. At about week three, experimental birds came down with coccidiosis as birds were not pre-vaccinated against it. At the end, 40 birds at 20 per breed were randomly selected for the collection of carcass and organ data. Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between Abor Acre and FUNAAB Alpha chicken breeds for live weight and linear body traits except chest circumference. The Abor Acre breed significantly weighed (p<0.05) heavier (1.54 ± 0.02 kg) than the FUNAAB Alpha (0.65 ± 0.02 kg) breed. Variations in body traits of the chicken’ sexes showed that male chickens significantly weighed (p<0.05) heavier and were found longer in most linear traits than their female counterparts. The interaction between breed*sex indicated that live and dress weights were significantly different (p<0.05) especially for breast and thigh tissues which are major economic body parts. Similar trend was observed among carcass and organ variables were breed, sex and their interactions were significantly different (p<0.05) for most parameters. In conclusion, Arbor Acre breed had better growth carcass and organ performance than FUNAAB Alpha chickens when infected with coccidial oocysts. Abor Acre chickens should be recommended to poultry farmers in coccidial endemic locations.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Effect of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) as feed additive on
rabbit’s carcass composition and serum lipid profile-
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Authors: Utibe Mfon Okon, Joseph Sylvester Ekpo, Grace Idiong Christopher
Pages: 4957 ̵ - 4957 ̵
Abstract: The effect of Monodora myristica as feed additive on the performance, carcass composition and serum lipid profile of rabbits were investigated using a total of 48 weaner rabbits for a period of 12 weeks. The rabbits were allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomized design. Each group was replicated three times with four rabbits per replicate. Treatment 1 (T1) received basal diet only, T2 received basal diet with 1% inclusion of M. myristica, T3 received basal diet plus 2% M. myristica, while T4 was given basal diet and 3% M. myristica inclusion. Results revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) feed intake and weight gain, compared to those on the control group. Rabbits in T3 group recorded the highest values for all parameters assessed. Rabbits fed 2% levels of the test ingredient recorded the lowest and best FCR. Inclusion of M. myristica significantly improved (p<0.05) carcass characteristics without any deleterious effect on the internal organs. The serum lipid profiles of the rabbits were significantly improved (p<0.05) as the high density lipoprotein increased, while low density lipoprotein levels reduced. There was also a significant reduction (p<0.05) in abdominal fat and an increase in muscle protein of the rabbits as inclusion levels of M. myristica increased across treatments. The study revealed that up to 2% of M. myristica can be included in the diets of rabbits without adverse effect on the performance, carcass composition and serum lipid profile. Hence, it can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in weaner rabbits.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- The influence of Isa Brown laying hen age on egg quality in humid tropics
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Authors: Idorenyin Meme Sam
Pages: 4966 ̵ - 4966 ̵
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hen age on internal and external egg quality indices of Isa Brown hen raised in the tropics. The external egg quality indices studied were egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell thickness, shell ratio and shell weight, while the internal egg characteristics were albumen weight, albumen height, albumen ratio, yolk weight, yolk ratio and Haugh unit. A total of 180 eggs were randomly selected and used for this study. The data were taken biweekly (weeks 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39) each age in weeks represented a treatment group. Data obtained from this study were subjected to analysis of variances and the relationship between egg weights with different egg parameters at different ages were determined by correlation analysis. The results obtained indicated that as the hen age increased, albumen weight, yolk weight albumen ratio, egg weight, egg length, shell thickness and shell weight significantly increased (p<0.05). While, albumen height, yolk ratio, Haugh unit and shell ratio were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient obtained indicated that egg weight had positive correlations with shell thickness (0.869, 0.110, 0.482, 0.336 and 0.329), shell weight (0.286, 0.004, 0.598, 0.336, 0.723) and albumen weight (1.00, 0.480, 1.000, 1.000, 0.728) for weeks 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39, respectively. It was therefore concluded that the age of the birds affects both the external and internal egg characteristics, the older the hen, the lower the albumen height, yolk ratio, Haugh unit and shell ratio egg quality characteristics.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Optimising the fisheries resources of the Anambra River through evolving
strategies towards sustainable fishing-
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Authors: Chigozie Damian Ezeonyejiaku
Pages: 4973 ̵ - 4973 ̵
Abstract: This study explores the current state of fisheries resources in Anambra River and proposes evolving strategies to optimise and promote sustainable fishing practices. It emphasizes the urgent need for ecologically responsible, economically viable and socially
equitable approaches to ensure the preservation of fish population of the river. Anambra River holds immense significance for local communities in terms of food security, livelihoods and cultural heritage. This study identifies key factors such as use of inappropriate fishing gears, harmful practices such as the use of poison and explosives, the lack of political will and commitment to enforce fishing regulations effectively as contributors to the decline of fish populations in the river. To address these challenges, comprehensive set of control measures proposed were provision of access to legal fishing gears, promoting alternative livelihood options, raising awareness among stakeholders, enforcing existing regulations, developing robust legislation and policies, and providing training to extension workers. Implementation of these measures will enable the Anambra River to sustainably support the well-being, economy, and cultural heritage of local communities while safeguarding its ecological integrity. In conclusion, this work emphasises the global significance of adopting sustainable fishing practices not only in the Anambra River but also in similar ecosystems. The long-term viability of fisheries resources of Anambra River relies on the collective commitment to sustainable fishing practices, ensuring the continued well-being of the aquatic ecosystem and the communities dependent on the river.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
- Molecular characterization and potentiality of Anopheles coluzzii in
disease transmission in different communities in Ughelli North lga, Delta
State, Nigeria-
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Authors: Allan Oghenenyore Egedegbe, Chioma Cynthia Ojianwuna, Victor Ngozi Enwemiwe, Ahmed Idowu Omotayo, Destiny Nyerhovwo Eyeboka, Eric Esiwo
Pages: 4988 ̵ - 4988 ̵
Abstract: A thorough understanding of the malaria vector’s dynamics is a crucial strategy for preventing mosquito bites and vector control. This study assessed the species composition, wing length and biting behavior with respect to seasons in Ughelli North LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. CDC light traps were used to capture mosquitoes hourly, indoors and outdoors in four settlements (Ugono Orogun, Orhomuru Orogun, Emonu Orogun and Ovara Orogun) for 10 months (May 2022 – February 2023). Mosquitoes collected outdoor (187) and indoor (138) were significantly different (p<0.05), with most abundant indoor recorded in June and July (5.25 ± 0.48 respectively), and outdoor in June (6.75 ± 0.48). Monthly variation in mosquito species was not significant (F = 0.71, df = 9, p = 0.695). The biting peaks of mosquitoes in the outdoor and indoor were observed between the hours of 8 – 9 pm respectively, also 3 – 4 am for indoor and 4 – 5 am for outdoor mosquitoes. Furthermore, all Anopheles mosquitoes collected were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and confirmed molecularly to species level as Anopheles coluzzii. Mosquitoes outdoor had wing length significantly longer p<0.05) than the mosquitoes obtained indoor and this may justify the reason for more outdoor mosquitoes. More mosquitoes were recorded in the wet months (F = 9.70, p = 0.0002) than in dry months. In conclusion, in order to lessen the prevalence of malaria in the study area, focused control actions of An. coluzzii, a key vector that transmits malaria parasites, should be directed outdoors before the month of June.
PubDate: 2023-09-08
Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
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