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Canadian Journal of Animal Science
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.403

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 6

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0008-3984 - ISSN (Online) 1918-1825
Published by NRC Research Press

[19 journals]

Centre pork chop colour classification using image analysis on the ventral
surface of the loin
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  Authors: X. Wei, B. Bohrer, B. Uttaro, M. Juárez
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Image analysis of ventral, anterior, and posterior ends of 550 pork loins was used to classify extreme-coloured centre chops. Only the ventral side was strongly correlated (r = 0.79) to the centre chop. Thresholds at 2.5th, 5th, and 7.5th percentiles of ventral surface pale pork were selected to classify centre chop pale pork (5th percentile). Increasing stringency increased accuracy in excluding pale samples. At the 7.5th percentile, prediction accuracy of pale (85.7%) and non-pale samples (89.5%) was balanced. This method can be adopted by commercial pork processors as a classification or pre-sorting approach.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-11-13T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0011
Inclusion of dietary Quillaja saponin and seaweed on growth efficiency,
noxious gas emissions, and fecal score in weaning pigs
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  Authors: Sharif Uddin Khan, Jun ho Song, In Ho Kim
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of Quillaja saponin (QS) and seaweed (SW) on growth performance, fecal score, and gas emissions in weaning pigs. A total of 120, 21-day old crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) weaning pigs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. These dietary treatments consisted of (1) TRT1: CON (basal diet), (2) TRT2: CON + 200 mg/kg QS, and (3) TRT3: CON + 500 mg/kg SW. Pigs were raised in 10 replicate pens per treatment (two males per pen and two females per pen) for 5 weeks based on body weight and sex. The inclusion of QS significantly (p
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-11-09T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0031
Probiotic complex supplementation to growing pig’s diet enhances daily
growth and reduces fecal gas emission
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  Authors: Shanchuan Cao, Sungbo Cho, Jae Hong Park, Yangseon Kim, In Ho Kim
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  A total of 180 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 23.58 ± 0.8 kg were used in this experiment. According to initial BW and sex, pigs were randomly allotted three dietary treatments, 12 replicates (pen) per treatment, and five pigs per pen. The three dietary treatments were basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with either 0.1% Bacillus and Saccharomyce s spp.-based probiotics complex (BS1) or 0.2% probiotics complex (BS2). The whole experiment lasted 42 days. The results showed that the BW of pigs fed the BS1 diet was significantly higher than those fed the CON diet on day 42 (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-11-08T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0016
An evaluation of the effects of dietary mixed-species direct-fed microbial
(probiotic) on growth performance, gas emissions, meat quality, nutrient
digestibility, and fecal score in finishing pigs
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  Authors: Sumaya Tanzin Wahid, In Ho Kim
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study examined the effects of mixed-species direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, gas emissions, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, and the fecal score of finishing pigs. A total of 100 crossbred finishing pigs ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) weighing 58.97 ± 3.12 kg were randomly assigned to one of two diets (5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts); 50 pigs per treatment) in an 8-week trial. Dietary treatments comprised of the basal diet without probiotics control or basal diet + (0.1%) mixed probiotics (DFM). Mixed DFM supplementation showed a tendency to increase (P = 0.093) the body weight of finishing pigs during day 56. Comparing mixed DFM with the control diet, mixed probiotics significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 5–8 (P = 0.024) and overall (P = 0.013). DFM-supplemented diets reduced the emission of CH4 and NH3 significantly at weeks 4 and 8 compared with control. DFM supplementation did not affect H2S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acid, or CO2 emissions. Mixed DFM supplementation showed a tendency to increase (P = 0.07) nitrogen digestibility. Pigs receiving mixed DFM had improved ADG and reduced NH3 and CH4 emissions without affecting meat quality, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbes, and fecal score.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-11-06T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0043
Supplementation of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on the performance,
haemato-biochemical profile and intestinal microbiota composition of
broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp.
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  Authors: Bárbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa, Gabrieli Andressa de Lima, Gabriela Ventura, Bruna Abrahão Trevizan, Elis Omar Figueroa Castillo, Jéssica Tuane Bortoloto, Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo, Jaqueline Dalbello Biller, Alda Maria Backx Noronha Madeira, Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) in substitution to antibiotics on performance, haematology, intestinal lesion scores, and oocyst count in the excreta of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 1050 male Ross chicks were used, distributed in completely randomized design, with six treatments: unchallenged control diet (UC); challenged control diet (CCD); challenged and supplemented (CS) with 1000 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 1500 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 2000 mg/kg of MSB; and CS with avilamycin, with five repetitions. At 16 days of age (d.o.), the birds were inoculated orally with Eimeria spp. oocysts. Higher average weightgain (AWG) and average feed intake (AFI) were observed in the UC, and at the 42 d.o., better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and productive efficiency factor (PEF). The group that received the additives showed higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, as well as that of the unchallenged birds; however, the CCD had higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. It is concluded that MSB can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, assisting in the recovery of performance and gut microbiota biodiversity.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-10-24T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0002
Associations of cow-level factors with the risk of poor hygiene in cows
housed in free-stall and tie-stall barns
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  Authors: I. Robles, D.F. Kelton, T.J. DeVries
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The objective of this study was to identify cow-level factors associated with poor body hygiene. Cows (n = 2644) from 68 commercial dairy herds (free-stall (n = 43); tie-stall (n = 25)) in Ontario, Canada were enrolled. Cows were hygiene scored on each of three visits (7 days apart). Older cows were at higher risk of having a dirty udder and dirty upper legs and flanks in free-stall barns and younger cows were at higher risk of having dirty upper legs and flanks in tie-stall barns. Higher days in milk was associated with better hygiene for cows housed in both free-stall and tie-stall barns.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-10-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0084
Fish oil divergently enriches broiler meat with long chain ω-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFAs) by modulating the ratio of ω-3
to ω-6 PUFAs without disrupting gut morphology and cardio-pulmonary
morphometry
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  Authors: Md. Emran Hossain, Goutam Buddha Das, Priunka Bhowmik, Kona Adhikary, Md. Nahid Sultan, Shilpi Islam, Nasima Akter
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  A trial was conducted for 35 days to investigate if replacement of soybean oil (SO) for fish oil (FO) influenced average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), final live weight (FLW), feed efficiency (FE), haemato-biochemical indices, carcass traits, cardio-pulmonary morphometry, gut morphology, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile of the broiler chicken. A total of 350, day-old Ross-308 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design into five dietary treatment groups designated as FO0% (diet without FO, i.e., 100% SO), FO25% (diet containing 25% FO + 75% SO), FO50% (diet containing 50% FO + 50% SO), FO75% (diet containing 75% FO + 25% SO), and FO100% (diet containing 100% FO). Each treatment was replicated seven times containing 10 birds per replicate. Results indicated that complete replacement of SO for FO increased 4.7% FLW, 12.4% ADFI, 3.9% ADG, 16.2% HDL, and 8.6% CP. Although, FO contained 471.1% more ∑LCω-3PUFAs than SO, the FO-supplemented breast meat was enriched with net increment of 45.0% ∑LCω-3PUFAs and 81.0% ∑ω-3: ∑ω-6 at the expense of 7.1% FE and 26.8% MDA. Complete replacement of SO for FO did not compromise net profit. Hence, replacement of SO for FO may be commercially plausible.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-10-06T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0143
Silybum marianum seed extract as a potential phytogenic feed additive for
improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs
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  Authors: Md Mortuza Hossain, Sung Bo Cho, In Ho Kim
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Silymarin is the flavonoid extracted from Silybum marianum seed. It has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and it supports liver health. The growth performance parameters, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in growing pigs fed the dietary Silybum marianum seed extract were analyzed in this study. A total of 196 crossbred growing pigs ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) were allocated into three dietary groups: CON: basal diet; TRT1: basal diet with 0.05% Silybum marianum seed extract; and TRT2: basal diet with 0.10% Silybum marianum seed extract. Results showed that pigs fed with Silybum marianum seed extract up to 0.10% increased average daily gain (p
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-10-06T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0053
Quantification of biogenic amines and adaptation of an index as a quality
indicator of rendered pig meals
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  Authors: Cristiéle Lange Contreira, Larissa Rossett Corezzolla, Gizelle Cristina Bedendo, Everton Luis Krabbe, Edenilse Gopinger, Valdir Silveira de Avila, Fernando Rutz
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The objective of this study was to quantify biogenic amines and to adapt equations for the calculation of the biogenic amine index (BAI) in rendered pig carcass meals (RPCM). Samples of RPCM from three different origins were evaluated: Group 1—experimentally produced meal; Group 2—meal produced in a plant dedicated to rendering pigs dead on the farm due to non-infectious causes; and Group 3—meal produced in commercial rendering plants. Group 1 meals were produced from sow carcasses that were stored either under environmental temperature (ET = 25 °C) or refrigeration temperature (RT = −6 °C), and their biogenic amine contents were analyzed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of storage. The levels of the biogenic amines phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine of all meals were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their BAIs were calculated. Group 1 meals stored at ET presented higher phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine contents compared with those stored at RT after 24 h storage, whereas spermidine and spermine contents decreased after 24 h of storage at ET. The adapted BAI can be used as a quality indicator of RPCM.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-29T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0029
Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into
the key genes involved in muscle growth in the large Diqing Tibetan pig
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  Authors: Jingru Nie, Bo Zhang, Li Ma, Dawei Yan, Hao Zhang, Ying Bai, Shiyi Liu, Xinxing Dong
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Pig growth involves multiple genes and coordinated regulatory mechanisms. The large Diqing Tibetan pigs (TPs) are a unique plateau pig breed in China. Data on the mechanisms of muscle growth and development in TPs are limited, and its transcriptional regulation mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies important genes and proteins involved in muscle growth in TPs. We obtained transcriptomic and proteomic data from the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of TPs and Duroc pigs (DPs) via RNA-seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, respectively. Comparative analyses of TPs and DPs yielded 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 56 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Functional annotation of these DEGs and DAPs was enriched in metabolic processes, metabolic pathways, cytoskeletal protein binding, AMPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and other related pathways. Ten genes were identified as key candidate regulators (FASN, PPARG, PCK1, ACTA2, TXN, SNU13, APOA1, ATP8, ALDH2, and IGFN1) that may play important roles in the muscle growth traits of TPs. This study provides a reference for analyzing the genetic regulation mechanism underlying muscle growth in pigs and improving the meat yield of TPs via molecular marker-assisted selection.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-20T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0073
Effects of Chinese herbal plant extracts on diarrhea rate, intestinal
morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immunity of weaned piglets
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  Authors: Shuo Li, Mingjing Sui, Fengyang Wu, Xiang Chen, Baojiang Chen, Langqun Yao
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This experiment aimed to establish the effects of Chinese herbal plant extracts compound (Astragalus root, Eucommia bark, Honeysuckle, and Quassic) to replace antibiotics on diarrhea rate, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immunity of weaned piglets. In a 21 day experiment, 180 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, including a basal diet supplemented with 0 + 250 g/t oxytetracycline calcium and 50 g/t virginiamycin (control), 400 (T1), 500 (T2), and 600 (T3) g/t Chinese herbal plant extracts compound. The results showed that diets supplemented with Chinese herbal plant extracts significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in feces of weaned piglets, the villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum, the levels of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, total protein, albumin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and the apparent digestibility of energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with Chinese herbal plant extracts significantly reduced the number of Escherichia coli in feces and the diarrhea index (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal plant extracts compound preparation can improve intestinal morphology, feed apparent digestibility, and immunity and reduce diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-20T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0008
Assessing the methane mitigation potential of Canadian red seaweeds using
in vitro batch culture
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  Authors: Stephanie A Terry, Vicky Garcia, Karen A Beauchemin
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Seven red Canadian seaweeds (Callophyllis flabellulata, Graciliariopsis verrucosa, Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella splendens, Mazzaella japonica, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata) and a positive control (Asparagopsis taxiformis) were selected to evaluate their chemical and elemental composition and their effects on in vitro fermentation and methane (CH4) production in an alfalfa hay or barley straw diet. The in vitro batch culture was conducted as a completely randomised design with a control (alfalfa hay or barley straw) and seven increasing concentrations of seaweed. Chemical and elemental composition varied greatly across seaweed genera. Increasing supplementation of A. taxiformis linearly decreased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-18T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0063
Bias and accuracy of body weight trait evaluations of an F2 chicken using
single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)
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  Authors: Hamed Asadollahi, Saeid Ansari Mahyari, Rasoul Vaez Torshizi, Hossein Emrani, Alireza Ehsani
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the accuracy and bias of estimates of breeding values for body weight (BW) at 2–7 weeks of age using pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) methods, and (ii) to determine the best level of minor allele frequencies (MAFs) for pre-selection of SNPs for genomic prediction (GP). Records of 488 F2 broiler chickens obtained from crossbreeding of fast-growing Arian chickens and slow-growing Iranian native chickens at 2–7 weeks of age were used. Samples were genotyped using Illumina Chicken 60K BeadChip. To investigate the effect of MAFs on the accuracy of prediction, 48 379 quality-controlled SNPs were grouped into five subgroups with MAF bins 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, and 0.4–0.5. Our results confirmed the superiority of ssGBLUP compared to traditional BLUP methodology. The average accuracy of GP improved by 59.03%, 220.34%, 0.46%, 5.61%, 0.45%, and 2.73% using ssGBLUP compared to BLUP for BW at 2–7 weeks of age, respectively. Depending on the age group, using a subset of SNPs with a specific MAF bin compared to all SNPs resulted in a remarkable improvement of GP accuracy for the observed traits.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-12T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0009
Effect of chemostat turnover rate and select antibiotics on Salmonella
Typhimurium in the presence of porcine gastrointestinal tract bacteria
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  Authors: R.C. Anderson, T.L. Poole, T.C. Crippen, R.B. Harvey, S.C. Ricke
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The effect of select antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 persistence in a porcine cecal continuous flow culture was examined under two different washout rates. Porcine continuous flow cultures were conducted in the presence or absence of gram-positive antibiotic carbadox. Carbadox eliminated chemostat anaerobes culturable on Brucella agar under 24 h turnover conditions, allowing Salmonella Typhimurium to persist for 15 days. Decreasing the culture dilution rate from a 24 to 48 h turnover time enabled Salmonella Typhimurium to maintain higher population levels more reflective of the theoretical washout rate when grown with than without added carbadox. This observation suggests that at the slower growth rate the presence of carbadox was antagonistic to the indigenous competitive exclusion potential of the mixed microbial population.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-12T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0019
Short-season high-moisture shelled corn, snaplage, or corn silage as a
partial replacement for dry-rolled barley grain or barley silage in
western Canadian beef cattle finishing diets
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  Authors: R.E. Carey, G.O. Ribeiro, Z.D. Paddock, D. Moya, T.A. McAllister, G.B. Penner
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The objective was to evaluate the replacement of barley-based ingredients with short-season high-moisture corn products on steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. Over 2 years, 320 beef steers (528 ± 36.2 kg initial body weight) were assigned to 32 pens (4 pens/treatment/year). Treatments were finishing diets that contained dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage (BGBS; control), barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), high-moisture shelled corn and barley grain with barley silage (HCBS), or snaplage (included as a silage and grain source) with barley grain (SNAP). Steers were fed for 99 days and 72 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Steers fed BGCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.13) from BGBS for dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, or carcass characteristics. Steers fed HCBS had greater (P ≤ 0.05) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage than BGBS. A lesser (P = 0.02) proportion of steers fed SNAP had severe liver abscesses than BGBS. We concluded that corn silage can replace barley silage, 50% replacement of barley grain with high-moisture shelled corn may improve hot carcass weight, and replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage decreases the proportion of cattle with severe liver abscesses at slaughter.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-09-11T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0032
Trends in the risk of heat stress to Canadian dairy cattle in a changing
climate
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  Authors: Andrew VanderZaag, Etienne Le Riche, Budong Qian, Ward Smith, Hambaliou Baldé, Veronique Ouellet, Édith Charbonneau, Tom Wright, Rob Gordon
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Canada's climate is warming faster than the global average, but the warming is unevenly distributed. This study analyzes historical and future climate change in dairy-producing regions across Canada to better understand how Canada's dairy cows are affected. Historical changes (i.e., 1960–2019) were assessed using temperature and humidity data from 29 weather stations across the country. The temperature–humidity index (THI) was used as an indicator of dairy cattle at risk of heat stress, and three THI metrics evaluated the frequency, severity, and duration of potential heat stress. Future scenarios were investigated using five global climate models to project daily THI under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections were grouped into three time periods (2020–2049, 2040–2069, and 2060–2089). Historical climate trends show an increase in temperature, humidity, and THI exceedance in most west coast and eastern Canada locations, affecting 84% of the national dairy herd. Future scenarios project that 90% of the national herd will experience a large increase in the frequency, severity, and duration of THI exceedance under all but the most optimistic SSP. These findings highlight the need for Canadian dairy farmers to consider heat-stress adaptation strategies.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-08-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0040
Study of persistency of lactation and survival of Iranian Holstein dairy
cattle using random regression model
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  Authors: Ali Ashrafian, Nasser Emam Jomeh Kashan, Mokhtar Ali Abbasi, Ali Asghar Sadeghi, Mohammad Rokouei
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The aim of this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows are associated with survival. Cows with least 10 test-days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a random regression model by restricted maximum likelihood with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyzed various curve characteristics using an animal model. The predicted breeding value (EBV) of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40 to 305 was predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase (m40,Peak) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-08-03T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0007
Development of an efficiency ranking system for beef cows and effects on
feed intake, ruminal fermentation, NDF turnover, and apparent total tract
digestibility
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  Authors: J.J. Delver, H.A. Lardner, J.J. McKinnon, G.O. Ribeiro, M. Asai-Coakwell, G.B. Penner
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Beef cows (n = 100) were ranked for efficiency based on cow rump fat thickness at calving, calving date, and calf weaning weight (% dam BW) over 2 years. The nine most (ME) and least efficient (LE) cows were used to compare feed intake and ruminal fermentation using four 26-day periods with decreasing dietary nutrient density. There were no phenotype × diet interactions for variables of primary interest. Rump fat and calf weaning weight were greater, and the calving date was earlier for ME cows than LE cows (P ≤ 0.032). The ME cows were lighter (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-08-03T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0004
Feeding graded levels of camelina expeller meal up to 20% of dietary dry
matter decreases feed intake and milk production but enhances
concentration in milk fat of n-3 fatty acids in dairy cows
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  Authors: Timothy Mutsvangwa, Sarah Thomas, Rex Newkirk
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study to determine the effects of feeding 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% camelina expeller meal (CEM) on production and milk fatty acid profiles. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat content decreased linearly, whereas milk yield decreased quadratically, as CEM increased. Concentrations in milk fat of C18:2n-6 and cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 increased linearly, whereas those of C18:3n-3 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 increased quadratically as CEM increased. Results show that CEM levels up to 20% decrease DMI and milk yield but increase concentrations in milk fat of desirable n-3 fatty acids.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-08-02T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0014
Effect of mixtures of legume species on ruminal fermentation, methane, and
microbial nitrogen production in batch and continuous culture (RUSITEC)
systems
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  Authors: B.M. Kelln, G.B. Penner, S.N. Acharya, T.A. McAllister, J.J. McKinnon, A.M. Saleem, B. Biligetu, H.A. Lardner
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The effect of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on ruminal fermentation, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed two legumes, cicer milkvetch and sainfoin at two stages (vegetative and late flower) incubated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at five inclusion rates 0:100; 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (as DM) in batch culture. Experiment 2 analyzed vegetative cicer milkvetch and alfalfa incubated in ratios of 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (as DM) in continuous culture systems (RUSITEC). In batch culture, increased dry matter disappearance (DMD), and propionate percentage (%total), and reduced methane (mg·g−1 DMD) occurred with vegetative cicer milkvetch inclusion. In RUSITEC, DMD linearly increased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-07-28T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0095
Efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyle
and coccidia infections in sheep
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  Authors: Issah Bagulo, Abdul-Rahman Ibn Iddriss, Mohammed Abubakari, Victor Asiedu Nsor, Joshua Katusime
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Gastrointestinal parasites are developing resistance to various commercial anthelmintics. Hence, the need to explore the efficacies of herbal plants against gastrointestinal parasites. The study was therefore conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyles and coccidia spp. in sheep. A total of 60 sheep were used for the study. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Those in group A, B, C, and D were given albendazole (ABZ), 10% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL10), 20% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL20), and 10 mL distilled water, respectively. All four treatments were given orally, depending on the body weight of the animals, with the exception of the distilled water, which was constant (10 mL) for each animal. Faecal samples were collected from each sheep and examined using McMaster technique. The data were analyzed using R version 4.2. The study brought to light that the prevalence of strongyles in sheep was 70% in the study area at pre-treatment. BL10 had efficacies of 52.58% and 65.08% against strongyles and coccidia spp., respectively. BL20 produced similar anthelmintic effect against strongyles as ABZ. Strongyle spp. showed resistance against ABZ in the study area.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-07-18T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0021
Does the climate influence the variance of residual in litter traits of
Taiwan Landrace sows'
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  Authors: Kai-Hsiang Lin, Ruei-Syuan Wu, En-Chung Lin
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Heat stress adversely affects the litter traits of Landrace, the primary dam breed in Taiwan. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress during sow pregnancy with homogeneous and heterogeneous residuals to estimate the genetic parameters of the Taiwan Landrace. Performance records for 11 657 litters and weather data from 2008 to 2021 were collected. The climate effect was defined proportionally from cool to hot for climates 1 to 5. The homogeneous residual analysis showed that the heritabilities of the total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA) were 0.164 ± 0.014 and 0.111 ± 0.014 with residual variances of 10.338 and 9.164, respectively. The heterogeneous residual analysis showed that the residual variances for TNB and NBA were 8.934–11.113 and 8.196–9.810, respectively. For TNB, the residual variance in the herd–year–climate effect differed significantly in climate 1 from climates 3 to 5 (p
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-06-23T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0113
The effects of feeding hempseed cake on pancreatic and jejunal digestive
enzymatic activity in finishing heifers
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  Authors: Md G.K. Mia, Thomas M. Winders, Eric M. Serum, Samat Amat, Bryan W. Neville, Carl R. Dahlen, David J. Smith, Kendall C. Swanson
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  To evaluate the effects of feeding hempseed cake on digestive enzymes, crossbred heifers (n = 32; 494 ± 10 kg body weight) were fed diets containing 20% (dry matter basis) dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or hempseed cake for 111 days. There was greater (P = 0.05) pancreatic mass relative to body weight in heifers fed hempseed cake. No differences (P ≥ 0.19) in digestive enzyme activity in the pancreas (α-amylase, trypsin, and lipase) and jejunum (maltase, glucoamylase, and isomaltase) were observed between treatments. Our results suggest that feeding hempseed cake did not influence digestive enzyme activity.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-06-12T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0033
Digestibility of western Canadian finishing beef cattle diets when
short-season, high-moisture shelled corn and snaplage partially replace
dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage
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  Authors: Rachel E. Carey, Zachary D. Paddock, Gabriel O. Ribeiro, Tim A. McAllister, Gregory B. Penner
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The objective of this study was to determine the effects of substituting barley grain with short-season, high-moisture shelled corn, and barley grain and barley silage with snaplage on ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion in beef cattle fed finishing diets. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated heifers (420 ± 16.4 kg body weight) were fed a barley grain and silage finishing diet (BG), a diet where half of the barley grain was replaced with high-moisture shelled corn (HC), or a diet where the barley silage and a portion of grain were replaced with snaplage (SN) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. While dry matter and starch intake were unaffected, feeding SN resulted in greater (P = 0.02) ruminal but not total tract starch digestibility than BG. Ruminal pH did not differ between HC and BG, but SN reduced (P = 0.02) minimum ruminal pH relative to BG. Feeding BG increased (P = 0.04) ruminal ammonia concentrations over HC. In conclusion, high-moisture shelled corn can partially replace barley grain with minimal impact on nutrient digestibility or ruminal fermentation, but replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage may increase the risk of ruminal acidosis.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-05-11T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0122
Use of cinnamon and Bacillus subtilis probiotics in the diet of broiler
chickens
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  Authors: Mohammad Aminul Islam, Masahide Nishibori
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cinnamon and Bacillus subtilis on the growth, meat characteristics, and lipid profiles of broiler chickens. In experiments 1 and 2, a total of 320 day-old broiler chicks were assigned to D1 (control), D2 (4 g cinnamon/kg), D3 (6 g cinnamon/kg), D4 (8 g cinnamon/kg) with four replicates, and D1 (control), D2 (0.4 g B. subtilis (BS)/kg), D3 (0.6 g BS/kg), D4 (0.8 g BS/kg), D5 (6 g cinnamon/kg) with three replicates, and 10 chicks/replication for 35 and 30 days, respectively. In experiment 1, no significant difference was observed among diets for growth and meat yield. However, test diets performed better than the control diet in terms of water-holding capacity of meat (WHCM), cooking loss of meat (CLM), blood lipids profiles (BLP), sensory quality score (SQS) (p > 0.05), and flavor (p 0.05), except for SQS (p
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-05-08T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0018
Effect of dry or temper rolling of high- or low-protein wheat and its
impact on rumen parameters, growth performance, and liver abscesses in
feedlot cattle
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  Authors: Amanda C. Meadows, Stephanie A. Terry, Gregory B. Penner, Pierre J. Hucl, Tim A. McAllister, Gabriel O. Ribeiro
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study assessed the impact of dry- (DR) versus temper-rolled (TR) and low- (13%, LP) versus high-protein (18%, HP) wheat on ruminal fermentation, growth, and liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Crossbred Angus steers (302 ± 34 kg; n = 160; 24 ruminally cannulated) were used in a backgrounding (BG) to finishing (FN) trial. The BG diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 35% wheat, and 5% supplement, and the FN diet contained 10% barley silage, 85% wheat, and 5% supplement (dry matter basis). Four transition (TN) diets were used to adapt cattle to the FN diet. A numerical increase in large particles and reduction in small particles occurred when both HP and LP wheat were TR, with this response being greater for HP wheat. Steers experienced lower (P ≤ 0.03) ruminal pH with HP-DR and LP-TR than HP-TR wheat during TN. Steers fed HP wheat BG diets tended to exhibit greater (P ≤ 0.09) gain:feed and NEg than steers fed LP wheat. Greater (P = 0.01) average daily gains were exhibited by FN steers fed LP wheat. Liver abscesses were more (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-05-08T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0110
Determination of standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein and
amino acids and digestible indispensable amino acid score of faba beans,
lentils, and yellow peas fed to growing pigs
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  Authors: C.L. Cargo-Froom, F. Tansil, D.A. Columbus, C.P.F. Marinangeli, E.G. Kiarie, A.K. Shoveller
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The objective of this study was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of protein and amino acids (AA) and calculate the digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) of three varieties of Canadian grown pulses (faba bean, lentil, and yellow pea). Three steam-pelleted (80 °C) diets (faba/lentil/pea; 40% inclusion) and a nitrogen-free diet were fed to eight cannulated growing pigs in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. The SID values were used to calculate DIAAS. There were no differences in SID of protein and AA when all diets were compared (P > 0.05). The SID of methionine was 95% for faba beans, 96% for lentils, and 96% for peas. The SID of lysine was 93% for faba beans, 92% for lentils, and 90% for peas. Tryptophan had the lowest SID across all indispensable AA of all pulses (59% faba, 61% lentil, and 41% pea). All other indispensable AA SID were above 80%. Tryptophan was the limiting indispensable AA for all pulses as determined by DIAAS, with scores of 30 (faba), 57.83 (lentil), and 27.27 (pea). These values will aid in optimal inclusion of steam-pelleted pulses in diets for swine and provide an insight on the protein quality of pulses for humans.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-05-03T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0022
A survey of broiler breast meat quality in the retail market of Quebec
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  Authors: Hajer Sammari, Amani Askri, Sahar Benahmed, Linda Saucier, Nabeel Alnahhas
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, 206 breast fillets were purchased from grocery stores in the province of Quebec and evaluated for the presence of different quality defects. Of these fillets, 48.5% showed breast muscle myopathies (BMM), 19.4% showed pale, soft, and exudative (PSE), and 6.8% showed dark, firm, and dry (DFD) attributes. BMM were equally present (P > 0.05) in fillets of economical, commercial, and high-quality brands, while PSE-like fillets were more present in economical brands (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-04-28T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0001
Modelling environmental impacts associated with the removal of
productivity-enhancing technologies from Canadian feedlots: a case study
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  Authors: Emily Boonstra, Isaac A. Aboagye, Tim A. McAllister, Getahun Legesse, Genet F. Mengistu, Deanne L. Fulawka, Marcos R.C. Cordeiro, Gabriel O. Ribeiro, Emma McGeough, Kim H. Ominski
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions, land and water use associated with feedlot cattle (n = 40 hd treatment−1 trial−1) treated with or without productivity-enhancing technologies were modelled for a multiyear study (n = 4). Heifers (H) were assigned to the following treatments: (1) implanted (HTBA); (2) provided with melengestrol acetate (HMGA); (3) nonimplanted control, weight-adjusted (CON_Adj) to achieve the same final carcass weight (CW) as 1 (HCON_AdjTBA); or (4) CON_Adj to achieve the CW as 2 (HCON_AdjMGA). Steers (S) were assigned as follows: (1) implanted (STBA); (2) implanted and provided with ractopamine hydrochloride (SRAC; conducted in the last 2 years); (3) CON_Adj to achieve the same CW as 1 (SCON_AdjTBA); or (4) CON_Adj to achieve the same CW as 2 (SCON_AdjRAC). The GHG and NH3 emissions from HTBA, HMGA, STBA, and SRAC were 3.8%, 3.0%, 10.1%, and 8.5% lower and 4.3%, 2.9%, 7.4%, and 7.6% lower, respectively, than the respective control cattle. The land required to produce feed was also reduced by 6.6%, 4.8%, 9.9%, and 10.9%, while water use was reduced by 6.4%, 4.8%, 10.1%, and 11.1% for HTBA, HMGA, STBA, and SRAC, respectively. This modelling study clearly demonstrates that conventional beef production systems have a lower environmental footprint than nonconventional systems.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-04-24T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0132
Extrusion effects on the starch and fibre composition of Canadian pulses
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  Authors: Olufemi O. Babatunde, Cara L. Cargo-Froom, Yongfeng Ai, Rex W. Newkirk, Christopher P.F. Marinangeli, Anna K. Shoveller, Daniel A. Columbus
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Pulses are important as alternative sources of protein and carbohydrates for the animal industry and, thus, require accurate evaluation of their nutrient profile during processing. Extrusion is a thermal processing of ingredients to induce physiochemical changes that convert them into more valuable products. The current study evaluated the effects of extrusion on the starch and fibre components of Amarillo peas, Dun peas, chickpeas, faba beans, lentils, and soybean meal (SBM). Pulses were extruded at 18% or 22% moisture and 110, 130, or 150 °C. Extrusion decreased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-04-13T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0127
Effects of sugarcane extract on growth and diarrhea of growing piglets
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  Authors: Kai Wang, Xin Ren, Xiangxing Shen, Yansen Li, Yangchun Xia, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This experiment evaluated the effects of sugarcane extract (SCE) on growing pigs' diarrhea incidence, serum immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity. A total of 116 52-day-old commercial pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Jiaxing Black, average weight of 11 ± 1 kg) were randomly allocated to control (CON, basal diet) and 1% SCE group (SCEG, basal diet + 1% SCE). The experiment lasted four weeks. Compared with CON, diarrhea incidence (SCEG: 74.11% versus CON: 54.76%) and diarrhea index (SCEG: 83.65% versus CON: 73.61%) dropped largely in pigs supplemented with SCE. Villus height in the duodenum (p
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-04-12T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0136
Protective effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on barrier function
injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
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  Authors: Yang Jiao, Hengjiang Li, Ting Ren, In Ho Kim
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organic sulfur component that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) models were used to investigate the effect of MSM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced porcine intestinal epithelium barrier damage. The results of the cell cycle showed that the cells in the G2/M phase decreased significantly with the supplementation of 300 mmol/L MSM (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-04-11T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0141
Age-related effects of high-frequency LED lighting in laying hens. Part 1:
blood physiological variables
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  Authors: Hammed A. Olanrewaju, Joseph L. Purswell, Jeff D. Evans, Stephanie D. Collier, Scott L. Branton
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Light impacts layer hen's welfare and production. This study investigated the effects of a novel LED light system on blood physiological variables in laying hens. In each of the two trials, 320-layer pullets were allocated to 16 groups of 20 birds. Treatments included the prototype LED lighting (two rooms) and the conventional 2700 K LED bulbs (two rooms). On each sampling day, blood samples were collected and analyzed immediately. Results show that only a few physiological variables were affected by treatments, but age had effects on most examined variables. No effects of treatments or age on plasma corticosterone signify a similar level of physiological stress.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2023-04-06T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0119