JournalTOCs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.403

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 6

Hybrid journal * Containing 2 Open Access article(s) in this issue *
ISSN (Print) 0008-3984 - ISSN (Online) 1918-1825
Published by NRC Research Press

[19 journals]

Note of appreciation/Note de reconnaissance
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  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page iii-iii, March 2022.
  
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-03-01T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0004
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2022)
Effects of biochar source, level of inclusion, and particle size on in
vitro dry matter disappearance, total gas, and methane production and
ruminal fermentation parameters in a barley silage-based diet
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  Authors: Paul Tamayao, Gabriel O. Ribeiro, Tim A. McAllister, Kim H. Ominski, Erasmus K. Okine, Emma J. McGeough
  Pages: 133 - 144
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 133-144, March 2022.
  This study evaluated the effects of biochar differing in source, inclusion level, and particle size on dry matter disappearance (DMD), total gas and methane (CH4) production, and ruminal fermentation in a barley silage-based diet. The seven biochar products used were coconut (CP001 and CP014) or pine (CP002, CP015, CP016, CP023, CP024)-based. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) evaluated these biochars at 4.5%, 13.5%, and 22.5% level of diet inclusion, whereas Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) evaluated CP002, CP016, and CP023 at 2.25% and 4.50% of the diet at 2.0 mm particle size. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS as a randomized complete block design, with biochar source, inclusion level, and particle size (Exp. 2 only) as fixed effects with run and replicate as random effects. Increasing level of biochar inclusion linearly (P 0.05) in Exp. 2. Total gas, CH4 (mL·g−1 DMD), and ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by product, inclusion level, or particle size (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar of varying source and particle size did not mitigate CH4 production, but reduced DMD at higher inclusion levels in the barley silage-based diet.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-01-18T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0007
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2022)
Proceedings of the 2021 Meeting of the Animal Science Modelling Group
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  Authors: E. Kebreab, J.P. Cant, J.A. Metcalf
  Pages: 194 - 200
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 194-200, March 2022.
  
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-02-09T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0008
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2022)
Growth performance and heamatobiochemical parameters of broilers fed diets
containing Artemisia afra essential oil
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  Authors: William Zvarivadza, Upenyu Marume
  Pages: 1 - 10
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The study was conducted to determine the effects of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. essential oil inclusion in diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments: NC – negative control (commercial broiler diet without antibiotics), PC – positive control (commercial broiler diet), AA1 – commercial diet + 0.1% A. afra essential oil, and AA2 – commercial diet + 0.3 % A. afra essential oil. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. From the results, birds fed the PC diet had the highest average daily feed intake (105.60 g ± 3.18) and average daily gain (ADG) in the grower phase. The highest ADG in the finisher phase was obtained in the AAI treatment (170.23 g·d−1 ± 2.00), whereas the feed conversion ratio was lower in the essential-oil-containing diets. Diet significantly improved protein utilization efficiency in both grower and finisher phases. Birds fed AA1 had the highest values for neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, whereas those fed the NC diet had the highest alkaline phosphatase levels (102.00 IU·L−1 ± 7.61). The findings of the study suggest the use of A. afra essential oil in broiler diets can positively improve growth and flock health.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T03:34:45Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0113
The early story of growth hormone-releasing factor in rats, swine, and
cattle
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  Authors: Jean Morisset
  Pages: 1 - 21
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Following the discovery of the growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor by the group of Guillemin at the Salk Institute in California, research on this factor has exploded. This review article is focused on the results obtained early after this discovery and summarizes the biological effects of this releasing factor on the rat digestive system development and above all on pig, steer, and gilt growth as well as on milk production in lactating sows and cows.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-04-18T01:08:44Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0044
First-service pregnancy rate among beef heifers with different residual
feed intake
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  Authors: Amir Behrouzi, Marcos Colazo, Changxi Li, Carolyn Fitzsimmons
  Pages: 1 - 4
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The effect of residual feed intake (a measure of feed efficiency) adjusted for backfat thickness (RFIfat) on pregnancy rate (PR) was examined in Angus heifers over 2 yr. High- or Low-RFI heifers were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) with semen from High- or Low-RFI sires, respectively. There was a negative association (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-03-09T02:06:26Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0105
Comparative digestibility of energy, dry matter, and nutrients by
gestating and lactating sows fed corn–soybean meal diets without or with
full-fat or defatted rice bran
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  Authors: Gloria A. Casas, Maryane S.F. Oliveira, Charmaine D. Espinosa, H.H. Stein
  Pages: 1 - 5
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Twenty-four gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were randomly allotted to three diets with eight replicate sows per treatment in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Different sows were used in gestation and lactation periods. The hypothesis was that digestibility of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), and nutrients in lactating sows is not different from that in gestating sows. A corn–soybean-meal diet and two full-fat-rice-bran or defatted rice bran diets were used. Results indicated that regardless of diet, lactating sows had greater (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-03-04T08:44:52Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0086
Using publicly available weather station data to investigate the effects
of heat stress on milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cattle
Open Access Article
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  Authors: I.L. Campos, T.C.S Chud, H.R. Oliveira, C.F. Baes, A. Cánovas, F.S. Schenkel
  Pages: 1 - 14
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Heat stress imposes a challenge to the dairy industry, even in northern latitudes. In this study, publicly available weather station data were combined with test-day records for milk, fat, and protein yields to identify the temperature–humidity index (THI) thresholds at which heat load starts affecting milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cows. Production loss per THI unit above the threshold for each trait was estimated. Test-day records from 2010 to 2019 from 166,749 cows raised in Ontario and from 221,214 cows raised in Quebec were analyzed. Annual economic losses (EL) due to heat stress were estimated from the average losses of fat and protein yields based on the annual average of 156 d with THI exceeding the calculated thresholds. Average thresholds for the daily maximum (THImax) and daily average (THIavg) THI estimated across lactations in both provinces were THImax (THIavg) 68 (64), 57 (50), and 60 (58) for milk, fat, and protein yield, respectively, indicating that milk components are more sensitive to heat stress. An EL of about $34.5 million per year was estimated. Our findings contribute to an initial investigation into the impact of heat stress on the Canadian dairy industry and provide a basis for genetic studies on heat tolerance.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-03-04T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0088
Effects of nutritional management regimen and residual feed intake (RFI)
classification on RFI reranking and feeding behaviour for finishing beef
steers
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  Authors: N.N. Ferriman, J.J. Devos, A.M. Edwards, K.M. Wood, C.P. Campbell, I.B. Mandell
  Pages: 1 - 16
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Over 2 years, 207 steers were fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet to determine growing phase (GP) residual feed intake (RFI) classification (low, medium, and high) for individual cattle. Steers were then allocated to two finishing management regimens (MR): MR 1 cattle gradually adjusted to an 84.7% concentrate (dry matter (DM) basis) diet; MR 2 included backgrounding on pasture before finishing using the same diet as MR 1 cattle. Treatment differences in growth performance were examined using GP and finishing phase (FP) RFI classifications. Based on GP RFI classification, FP average daily gain was greater in MR 2 cattle (P = 0.01) with no RFI classification differences for most FP performance traits. However, low-RFI steers had lower FP dry matter intake (DMI) and greater G:F (P ≤ 0.05) than high-RFI steers based on FP RFI classification. Low-RFI steers had fewer visits to the feeder with a lower eating rate than high-RFI steers in both production phases (P ≤ 0.05). Extensive RFI reranking occurred between production phases with 64.3% of steers changing RFI classification. Given extensive reranking in the present study, RFI classification was poorly repeatable between growing and finishing production phases when diverse diets are fed and does not accurately predict feed efficiency.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-03-02T08:16:59Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0023
Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic
characteristics of Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms in Korea
Open Access Article
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  Authors: Shin-Woo Kim, Koeun Kim, Young Ju Lee
  Pages: 1 - 10
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from nine broiler breeder farms and characterised their resistance and virulence genes. A total of 256 E. coli showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and cephalothin, followed by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. The resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol showed significant differences among the farms. Among 202 β-lactam-resistant E. coli, 138 carried β-lactamase genes. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was blaTEM-1, of which the presence differed significantly across the farms. Out of 197 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tetA and tetB were detected in 164 and 50, with significant differences among the farms. Also, 45 of 196 nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli carried qnrS, whereas 67 of 149 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli carried sul2. Among the five virulence genes tested, ompT was the most prevalent, and all genes except for iutA distributed significantly different among the farms. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli were significantly different among the farms; therefore, management at the breeder level is required to control the vertical transmission of E. coli.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-02-25T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0090
Effect of sod-seeding bloat-free legumes on pasture productivity, steer
performance, and production economics
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  Authors: B.M. Kelln, G.B. Penner, S.N. Acharya, T.A. McAllister, K. Larson, J.J. McKinnon, B. Biligetu, H.A. Lardner
  Pages: 1 - 16
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  A 5 yr experiment evaluated the effects of sod-seeding sainfoin and cicer milkvetch into monoculture grass (Lanigan, SK) or legume (Lethbridge, AB) stands on pasture productivity, steer performance, and economics. At Lanigan, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year P = 0.01) from 13% in year 1 to 2% in year 2 (% plant population) and did not differ thereafter, whereas cicer milkvetch maintained a proportion of 16% in the stand. Forage yield was greater (treatment × year; P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-02-25T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0098
Effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches
laitières en Algérie
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  Authors: S. Matallah, N. M’Hamdi, F. Matallah, Z. Bounouala
  Pages: 1 - 7
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Le but de la présente étude était d’examiner l’effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières de race Holstein dans les fermes du Nord-Est algérien au niveau de quatre wilayas sur la base du protocole d’évaluation Welfare Quality® pour les bovins. Par conséquent, nous avons appliqué ce protocole à 50 fermes laitières en stabulation libre et à 50 en stabulation entravée. Un total de 2200 vaches laitières a été évalué en période hivernale. Il y avait des différences significatives entre les deux types de logements pour la majorité des critères étudiés : confort autour du repos (33, 54 ± 5,60 vs 22,34 ± 2,70), absence de soif prolongée (42,40 ± 6,60 vs 20,40 ± 6,60), facilité de mouvement (100,00 ± 00 vs 44,50 ± 3,40) et absence de blessures (38,50 ± 10,30 vs 25,12 ± 8,40), cependant l’analyse des mesures liées indique d’importants échecs de gestion dans les deux types de logements dans la région d’étude. En effet, de multiples contraintes ont été observées d’ordre alimentaire (indisponibilité de fourrages et non-maitrise du rationnement) et sanitaire (non-respect des normes hygiéniques). Cette situation nécessite d’informer et de communiquer avec l’éleveur sur ce qu’est réellement le bien-être des animaux afin d’améliorer les conditions d’élevage.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-02-18T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0001
Supplemental effect of coated refined fish oil on the performance of
finishing pigs fed diets containing soybean meal as a partial alternative
to barley or wheat feed ingredient
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  Authors: Sureshkumar Shanmugam, Woo Jeong Seok, Seung Ho Ha, Sung Giu Jin, In Ho Kim
  Pages: 1 - 10
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments in a 28-d trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1, CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; and TRT2, CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased BW, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of finishing pigs throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. Moreover, gas emission of NH3 and H2S concentration were significantly reduced. Also, drip loss during days 5 and 7 was significantly decreased in meat quality analysis of pigs fed coated refined fish oil supplemented to a barley-based diet. Furthermore, dietary coated refined fish oil with barley-based diet had significantly increased fatty acid profile of belly meat and reduced belly fat. In summary, the inclusion of coated refined fish oil with barley diet positively impacts on growth performance and nutritional values of meat quality in finishing pigs.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-02-18T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0057
Testing the ability of contact mats to identify problematic stall
configurations
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  Authors: A. Zambelis, E. Vasseur
  Pages: 1 - 8
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Comparing the frequency of cow contact with stall rails across multiple stall designs may help to determine which stall configurations best promote cow ease of movement and reduce injury risk. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of cow contact with the dividers across different stall treatments using the contact mat (CM) system to identify problematic stall designs. A total of six stall treatments were each tested against for six consecutive weeks against control (CON) stall condition: three treatments that modified the placement of the tie-rail (TRFARM, TRNEW1, TRNEW2) and three separate treatments that increased chain length (LCL), doubled stall width (DSW), and shortened manger wall (SMW) height. CM were affixed to the stall dividers to record the frequency of cow contact per second. Cows were ranked in descending order from highest frequency of divider contact to lowest frequency of divider contact for each week. TRNEW1 and TRNEW2 were the only stall treatments with a consistently lower frequency of divider contact than CON, whereas DSW was consistently higher than CON. The results suggest that the CM system can be used to identify problematic stall configurations to independently substantiate findings related to cow comfort.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-01-28T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0109
Evaluation of biochar products at two inclusion levels on ruminal in vitro
methane production and fermentation parameters in a Timothy hay-based diet
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  Authors: G. F. Mengistu, T. A. McAllister, P. J. Tamayao, K. H. Ominski, G. O. Ribeiro, E. K. Okine, E. J. McGeough
  Pages: 1 - 5
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study evaluated the effects of seven biochar products at two levels of inclusion [2.25% or 4.50% diet dry matter (DM)] on DM disappearance (DMD), cumulative gas and methane (CH4) production, ammonia-nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from Timothy grass hay over 48 h of incubation. Biochar did not affect gas and CH4 production (P ≥ 0.17) nor the DMD or ruminal fermentation (P ≥ 0.12). In conclusion, the biochar, irrespective of level of inclusion, did not exhibit potential to mitigate CH4 emission in a grass hay diet.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-01-21T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0069
Can phytogenic additives improve the performance of broilers and replace
growth-promoting antibiotics' A meta-analytic approach
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  Authors: Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo, Gabrieli Andressa de Lima, Thaís de Souza Ávida, Fábio Sampaio Rosas, Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo, Jaqueline Dalbello Biller, Bárbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa, Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli
  Pages: 1 - 12
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Phytogenic additives have been studied intensively in broiler chicken production to substitute growth-promoting antibiotics. However, the comprehensive literature on this topic makes it difficult to understand overall results because there are a noticeable number of studies with conflicting conclusions. While several research studies have shown that phytogenic additives may increment broiler chicken’s performance, others make the opposite evident. This study aimed to organize and understand information through meta-analysis considering a great number of publications and the factors that may interfere in the results of phytogenic additives, evaluating whether phytogenic additives can be used as a performance-enhancing additive for broilers, when compared with the effectiveness of growth-promoting antibiotics. The main factor that interferes in the evaluation of phytogenic additives is the microbiological challenge. Phytogenic additives improved average daily gain (ADG) (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-01-11T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0058
The importance of B vitamins in enhanced precision nutrition of dairy
cows: the case of folates and vitamin B12
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  Authors: Christiane L. Girard, Mélissa Duplessis
  Pages: 1 - 10
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Dairy cow diets are generally balanced for energy and major nutrients with B vitamins generally assumed not to be limiting, in spite of their role as coenzymes, essential to many metabolic reactions in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Assuming adequacy of B-vitamin supply may explain some of the discrepancies between the outcomes of metabolic prediction models and measured cow performance. In lactating dairy cow, the amount of B vitamins from the diet and synthesized by the ruminal microbiota is generally sufficient to prevent deficiency symptoms and, as such, is assumed to fulfill requirements. However, reports of beneficial effects of B-vitamin supplementation on dairy cow performance suggest that B-vitamin supply is sometimes lower than its needs, as an insufficient B-vitamin supply decreases metabolic efficiency by driving a shift toward alternative metabolic pathways with greater energy cost. Using information on folates and vitamin B12 illustrated how meeting dairy cow needs for B vitamins should not be overlooked in formulation of rations for lactating dairy cattle. The present review discusses current knowledge and indicates areas presently impeded by the lack of research results, especially the limitations on the ability to estimate B vitamin need and supply.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-01-11T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0065
Are muscle fiber types different between normal and dark-cutting beef'
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  Authors: Bimol C. Roy, Shahid Mahmood, Heather L. Bruce
  Pages: 1 - 15
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Muscle fiber (MF) characteristics of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles from heifer (n = 11) and steer (n = 12) carcasses graded Canada AA (AA, normal, n = 4 per sex) or dark-cutting (Canada B4) were examined and related to beef quality. Atypical (AB4, pH 5.9, n = 3 and 4 for heifers and steers, respectively) dark-cutting carcasses were represented. Muscle fiber type proportions did not differ between AA, AB4, and TB4 muscles, although type I and IIB muscle fiber diameters were greater in TB4 than in AA LT. That AB4 muscle fiber proportions were not different from AA and TB4 muscles suggests that the increased MF diameter of TB4 muscle was due to water retained by muscle proteins at high ultimate pH, as evidenced by decreased cooking loss. Dark-cutting was therefore unrelated to muscle fiber proportions, and increased type I and IIB diameters in dark cutting LT were likely driven by elevated intramuscular ultimate pH.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2022-01-11T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0085
Using unmanned aerial vehicles to record behavioral and physiological
indicators of heat stress in cattle on feedlot and pasture
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  Authors: J.T. Mufford, M.W. Reudink, M. Rakobowchuk, C.N. Carlyle, J.S. Church
  Pages: 1 - 8
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 1-8, March 2022.
  Physiological and behavioral indicators of heat stress in cattle are time- and labor-intensive to measure, and difficult to observe in extensive feedlot and pasture settings. We proposed to record respiration rate and standing behavior using unmanned aerial vehicles. Videos were recorded above steers on feedlot in the morning (0830–1130) and afternoon (1400–1700) over 10 d between 25 July and 10 August and cows on pasture over 9 d between 19 and 29 August In the feedlot, video recordings on 925 individuals (264 black coated, 413 red, and 248 white) were obtained, varying in breed which included Black Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Canadian Speckle Park, and Simmental. On pasture, video recordings on 267 individuals (116 Black Angus and 151 Hereford) were obtained. Observer software was used to analyze videos. Respiration rate in feedlot cattle was the highest in black cattle, followed by red cattle, then white cattle. Coat color did not affect respiration rate in cows on pasture; temperatures on pasture were lower than in feedlots and the effect of coat color may not manifest until a certain heat load threshold. The probability that cattle would be standing increased with heat load index in feedlot and pasture settings.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-06-25T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0125
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Impact of combined xylanase and β-glucanase enzymes on digesta transit
time, short-chain fatty acids, and caecal thermal profile of broilers fed
corn–soy-based diets
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  Authors: Guilherme A.M. Pasquali, Tatiane S. dos Santos, Leonardo H. Zanetti, Livia C. Dornelas, Jéssica M. Cruvinel, Everton M. Muro, Robert G.A.C. Araujo, Raimundo G.F. Netto, Juliana C. Denadai, Antonio C. Pezzato, José R. Sartori
  Pages: 9 - 18
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 9-18, March 2022.
  A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a xylanase + β-glucanase enzyme product in corn–soy-based diets on performance, caecal short-chain fatty acids and thermal profile, ileal digestibility, and intestinal kinetics of broiler chickens. A total of 744 male day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens and distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low or standard energy level × without or with 100 g of the enzyme per ton of feed. Enzyme supplementation improved bodyweight gain from 1 to 21 d (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-06-25T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0032
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Dietary glycine equivalent and standardized ileal digestible
methionine + cysteine levels for male broiler chickens fed
low-crude-protein diets
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  Authors: Paschal Chukwudi Aguihe, Ivan Camilo Ospina-Rojas, Marcia Izumi Sakamoto, Paulo Cesar Pozza, Eustace Ayemere Iyayi, Alice Eiko Murakami
  Pages: 19 - 29
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 19-29, March 2022.
  This study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary glycine equivalent (Glyequi) level in low-crude-protein diets of 181 g·kg−1 containing varied concentrations of standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine + cysteine (Met + Cys) for broiler chicks (1–21 d old). A total of 1275, 1-d-old Cobb-Vantress® male broilers were distributed in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design of 15 treatments with five replicates of 17 birds each. Treatments consisted of five levels of dietary Glyequi (14.9, 16.4, 17.9, 19.4, and 20.6 g·kg−1) and three concentrations of SID Met + Cys (7.70, 9.0, and 10.3 g·kg−1). Interactions between Glyequi and SID Met + Cys levels were observed for feed:gain (P = 0.055) and breast meat yield (BMY) (P = 0.017). In 7.7 and 9.0 g SID Met + Cys·kg−1 diets, optimal feed:gain and increased BMY were observed at Glyequi levels not lower than 17.9 g·kg−1. In 10.3 g SID Met + Cys·kg−1 diet, a lower feed:gain was achieved at 19.4 g Glyequi·kg−1. Therefore, a minimum dietary level of 17.9 g Glyequi·kg−1 is needed to increase growth of broilers fed diets containing 7.7 or 9.0 g·kg−1 SID Met + Cys, whereas 19.4 g·kg−1 Glyequi is necessary in diets containing 10.3 g·kg−1 SID Met + Cys for optimum growth.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-06-29T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0009
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Pre-slaughter road transportation times: meat quality and sensory
properties of Nellore bull meat
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  Authors: Natália Gomes Lacerda, Rafael Mezzomo, Ivanna Moraes de Oliveira, Kaliandra Souza Alves, Luis Rennan Sampaio de Oliveira, Mychelle Cristina Alves Santos, Ramon Rodrigo Ferreira Lima, Daiany Iris Gomes
  Pages: 30 - 38
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 30-38, March 2022.
  This study evaluated the effects of different pre-slaughter road transportation times on sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements of Nellore cattle meat quality. About 15 farms were classified according to transportation times (five farms per transportation time group) as follows: 1 — less than 2 h (2 and ≤4), and 3 — between 4 and 6 h (>4 and ≤6). The experiment was a completely randomized design with 15 replications and three treatments. Meat analyses were performed on steaks taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle from the 10th rib to the third lumbar vertebra. Road transportation times had no significant effects on pH and mean shear force values. Sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index, and creatine kinase levels were also not affected by transportation time. Furthermore, road transportation times had no effect on meat tenderness, flavour, odour, and overall acceptability when evaluated by consumers. Thus, a pre-slaughter road transportation time up to 6 h does not affect the sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements of Nellore cattle meat quality when raised using a grazing system.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-06-15T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0032
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Evaluating the effects of fibrolytic enzymes on rumen fermentation, omasal
nutrient flow, and production performance in dairy cows during early
lactation
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  Authors: Basim Refat, David A. Christensen, Aya Ismael, Xin Feng, María E. Rodríguez-Espinosa, Victor H. Guevara-Oquendo, Jenchieh Yang, Ousama AlZahal, Peiqiang Yu
  Pages: 39 - 49
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 39-49, March 2022.
  This study was performed to evaluate the effects of pre-treating a barley-silage-based diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme derived from Trichoderma reesei (FETR, a mixture of xylanase and cellulase) on lactation performance, omasal nutrient flow and digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen pH profile in Holstein dairy cows during early lactation. The dairy trial was conducted using nine Holstein dairy cows (averaging 46 ± 24 days in milk and 697 ± 69 kg body weight, six cows were fitted with a rumen cannula, and three were non-cannulated). Two groups of cows were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments in a crossover design: control (without FETR supplementation) and supplemented [with 0.75 mL of FETR·kg−1 dry matter (DM) of the diet based on our previous study]. The application of FETR tended to decrease the DM intake compared with control. There were no effects of FETR (P > 0. 10) on omasal nutrient flow and digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen pH profile. In conclusion, this study lacks evidence that the fibrolytic enzyme (at a level of 0.75 mL of FETR·kg−1 DM) can affect nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the performance of early-lactation cows. Further study with larger animal trials are needed.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-11-18T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0062
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Effect of oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplementation in finishing pigs
on the physicochemical quality of fresh loin during storage
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  Authors: M.P. Fortier, F. Guay, L. Saucier
  Pages: 50 - 63
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 50-63, March 2022.
  Oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplements were added to the diets of finishing pigs to determine their effects on the meat quality of fresh loins during storage. Two and three levels of oregano oil (250 and 500 mg·kg−1) and cranberry pulp (5, 10, and 20 g·kg−1) were tested, according to a factorial experimental design. The loin meat was vacuum packed and analyzed at 0 (after the 24 h chilling period post slaughter), 23, 45, and 60 d of storage. Samples were repackaged under aerobic conditions after 0 or 23 d and analyzed after 4, 8, and 12 d. Oregano and cranberry supplements did not affect lipid oxidation (microgram of malondialdehyde equivalent per kilogram of meat) during anaerobic or aerobic storage. On day 0, the fatty acid profile of the loin samples demonstrated that the addition of cranberries at a dose of 10 g·kg−1 was associated with a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids (P = 0.04; 42.97% vs. 40.99%) and a trend for a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.06; 47.26% vs. 46.09%). Considering the result obtained, feeding pigs with oregano and cranberry supplements had a limited effect on meat quality parameters measured during storage.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-07-20T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0198
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Enzyme complex addition in barley or rye broiler diets with two energy
levels fed from 1 to 21 days
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  Authors: Caio Henrique Pereira de Souza, Márcia Izumi Sakamoto, Paulo Cesar Pozza, Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos, Humberto Marques Lipori, Alceu Kazuo Hirata, Alice Eiko Murakami
  Pages: 64 - 74
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 64-74, March 2022.
  Two experiments were conducted to evaluate diet digestibility, performance, digestive parameters, and blood parameters when an enzyme complex (EC) was used in barley- and rye-based diets with different energy levels. In the digestibility assay (exp. I), 108 seventeen-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels [3025 and 3125 kcal apparent metabolizable energy (AME)·kg−1], plus a control treatment. In exp. II, 1080 one-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels (2875 and 2975 kcal AME·kg−1). No interactions were observed for any variables (exp. I and II). Enzyme complex improved the apparent metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (P = 0.0432) of diets. The EC provided greater weight gain (P = 0.0003) and better feed conversion (P = 0.0025). Intestinal viscosity at 21 d was reduced (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-12-23T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0201
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Evaluation of antimicrobial compounds to inhibit growth of select
Gram-positive pathogenic or antimicrobial resistant bacteria in
air-exposed silage
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  Authors: Marina Ontiveros-Magadan, Robin C. Anderson, Oscar Ruiz-Barrera, Claudio Arzola-Alvarez, Jaime Salinas-Chavira, Michael E. Hume, Eric J. Scholljegerdes, Roger B. Harvey, David J. Nisbet, Yamicela Castillo-Castillo
  Pages: 75 - 84
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 75-84, March 2022.
  Spoiled silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. The potential of some antimicrobial additives to inhibit certain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage was measured using pure and mixed bacterial cultures. With pure cultures, laurate and monolaurin (5 mg·mL−1) caused decreases (P 7 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)·mL−1 in Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis compared to controls. Ten-fold higher amounts of these inhibitors were needed to equivalently decrease staphylococci. 2-Nitropropanol (1 mg·mL−1) decreased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-12-23T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0061
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Impact of diet type and xylanase supplementation on the ileal
digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in growing-finishing
pigs
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  Authors: Élisabeth Chassé, Laurie Dickner-Ouellet, Frédéric Guay, Candido Pomar, Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
  Pages: 85 - 97
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 85-97, March 2022.
  In the experiment, six pigs fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed six diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments were corn-soybean meal diet (CS), diet containing wheat by-products (WBP), and diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles and canola meal (DDCM) without or with xylanase (X) supplementation (CS-X, WBP-X, and DDCM-X). The WBP and DDCM diets had higher apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of lipids and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-09-13T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0024
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Impact of yeast hydrolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on
the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, noxious
gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality of finishing pigs
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  Authors: Vetriselvi Sampath, Kyudong Han, Shanmugam Sureshkumar, In Ho Kim
  Pages: 98 - 107
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 98-107, March 2022.
  A total of 90 finishing pigs (52 ± 1.46 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments as: TRT1 [CON (basal diet)], TRT2 [CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH)], and TRT3 (CON + 0.1% YH) for an 8 wk trial. Each treatment had six replications and five (three gilts and two barrow) pigs per pen. In weeks 4 and 8, YH supplement linearly increased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-09-13T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0056
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs
fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried
grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings, and bakery meal
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  Authors: Élisabeth Chassé, Frédéric Guay, Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
  Pages: 108 - 116
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 108-116, March 2022.
  This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based on corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings, and bakery meal in the second diet (ByP). Diets were in mash (CT-MH and ByP-MH) or pelleted (CT-PT and ByP-PT) form. Results showed that pelleting increased digestibility in all diets with a distinct effect on the CT diet (interaction diet × pelleting, P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-09-13T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0060
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Single nucleotide polymorphism scanning and expression analysis of ACSL1
from different duck breeds
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  Authors: Qianqian Song, Zhixiu Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Xiangxiang Li, Yang Zhang, Qi Xu, Guobin Chang, Hao Zhang, Guohong Chen
  Pages: 117 - 123
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 117-123, March 2022.
  Accumulating studies have indicated that the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA1 (ACSL1) gene is related to fat deposition and meat quality in mammals. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between ACSL1 and lipid deposition in ducks. To examine this, we assessed the physicochemical property, homologous alignment, and phylogenetic analyses of the ACSL1 amino acid sequence using bioinformatics tools. The analysis indicated that the ACSL1 amino acid sequence varies in animals, and the duck ACSL1 protein is most closely related to that of chicken. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were identified at 1749 and 1905 bp of the coding region of ACSL1 by sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels in abdominal fat, breast muscle, and liver tissue of Pekin duck (BD) and Cherry Valley duck (CD). mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in BD than in CD in abdominal fat and liver tissue (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-09-24T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0131
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Apparent and standardized digestibility in broilers fed flaxseed meal with
multi-carbohydrase and phytase at 35 days of age
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  Authors: Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo, Connie Gallardo Vela, José Roberto Sartori, Messias Alves da Trindade Neto
  Pages: 124 - 132
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 124-132, March 2022.
  The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD; trial 1) and the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of the amino acids (AA) (trial 2) in flaxseed meal (FM) were evaluated with the addition of exogenous multi-carbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy). A total of 80 28-d-old broilers were allotted in a completely randomized design to receive treatments up to 35 d of age. A 2 × 2 factorial design is used to determine the enzyme effects, on the ATTD of dry matter, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and fiber, energy use, and the AID and SID of AA, in five replicate cages. There was synergism between MC and Phy on the ATTD of nitrogen and energy. The isolated inclusion of MC or Phy increased the ATTD of dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and fiber of FM. The enzyme inclusion on the AID and SID of AA in FM, established by comparing the means, suggested a better response to the addition of MC + Phy. Supplementation with Phy or combination of MC and Phy was a viable alternative to increase the ATTD of nutrients and energy. The combination of MC + Phy resulted in higher apparent and standardized digestibility of AA from FM.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-10-08T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0051
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Production performance and metabolic characteristics of cows fed whole
plant faba bean silage in comparison with barley and corn silage
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  Authors: Victor H. Guevara-Oquendo, David A. Christensen, Basim Refat, Maria E. Rodriguez-Espinosa, Xin Feng, Peiqiang Yu
  Pages: 145 - 154
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 145-154, March 2022.
  This study aims to determine the effect of partial (50% and 75%) and complete (100%) replacement of barley and corn silage with whole plant faba bean silage on milk production, feed intake and efficiency, digestibility, and rumen fermentation characteristics of high producing cows. A repeated 4 × 4 Latin square (early lactating cows: four cannulated and four non-cannulated) design was used. The silage used for four treatments were different: control diet (T0; 18.37% corn silage + 12.23% barley silage), diet one (T50; 9.18% corn silage + 6.12% barley silage + 15.30% faba bean silage), diet two (T75; 4.59% corn silage + 3.06% barley silage + 22.95% faba bean silage), and diet three (T100; 30.60% faba bean silage). The results showed that fat corrected milk (3.5% FCM) and energy corrected milk (ECM) were linearly increased with increasing level of whole plant faba bean silage in the diets. The starch digestibility was linearly decreased from 95.3% to 90.4% with increasing supplementation using faba bean silage. Rumen fermentation characteristics (pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids) were similar among all the treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of whole plant faba bean silage improved FCM, ECM, milk fat yield, and efficiency without negatively affecting the intake of dry matter. This study showed that whole plant faba bean silage can be used as an alternative feed for dairy cows.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-10-20T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0048
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Evaluation of standardized mixture of synbiotic-glyconutrients
supplemented in lambs finished during summer season in tropical
environment: growth performance, dietary energetics, and carcass
characteristics
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  Authors: Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez, Víctor H. Núñez-Benítez, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo, Jesús D. Urías-Estrada, Soila M. Gaxiola-Camacho, Miguel A. Rodríguez-Gaxiola, Claudio Angulo-Montoya, Alberto Barreras, Richard A. Zinn, Xiomara P. Perea-Domínguez, Alejandro Plascencia
  Pages: 155 - 164
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 155-164, March 2022.
  Twenty-four Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (36.4 ± 2.9 kg initial weight) were used in a 77 d feeding trial in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the influence of a standardized synbiotic-glyconutrient combination (GLY) on growth performance, dietary energetic, and carcass characteristics of lambs finished during a period of high ambient temperature. Dietary treatments consisted of a high-energy basal diet supplemented (% of diet dry matter basis) with 0% versus 0.4% GLY. Throughout the study, the average temperature humidity index (THI) was 76.23, corresponding to the “alert” range, but daily maximum THI exceeded 80 for 2 to 6 h of each day of the 77 d study. Daily GLY intake averaged 0.10 g GLY·kg−1 live weight. Supplemental GLY increased (P = 0.04) daily water intake, but dry matter intake was not affected. Supplemental GLY increased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-10-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0202
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Diarrhea duration and performance outcomes of pre-weaned dairy calves
supplemented with bacteriophage
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  Authors: Evandro Schmoeller, Adriane D. C. de Matos, Natalia M. Rahal, Josiane O. Feijo, Cassio C. Brauner, Francisco Augusto B. Del Pino, Marcio N. Correa, Viviane R. Rabassa
  Pages: 165 - 174
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 165-174, March 2022.
  This study aimed to evaluate lytic bacteriophage supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on disease occurrence, performance, and biochemical parameters. Two hundred Holstein × Gyr crossbred female calves were divided into two groups: CON, no supplementation; and PHAGE, bacteriophage supplementation (1 g·d−1) from day 3 until day 70 of life. Calves were monitored daily for age of first diarrheal episode and its duration. Fecal samples were cultured for bacterial isolation and PCR was performed to identify Escherichia coli virulence genes and to confirm Salmonella spp. Performance outcomes were evaluated up to 80 d of age. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, γ-glutamyl transferase, and urea. PHAGE group had fewer days with diarrhea (PHAGE: 4.68 d, CON: 6.61 d; P = 0.03). Fecal samples of three animals in PHAGE and nine in CON were positive for E. coli after PCR tests. Average daily gain of PHAGE was higher up to 80 d of life (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-10-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0074
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Effect of refrigeration on the collagen and texture characteristics of yak
meat
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  Authors: Shengsheng Li, Yawei Zhang, Shujie Liu
  Pages: 175 - 183
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 175-183, March 2022.
  To investigate the effect of refrigeration on the collagen and texture characteristics of yak meat, the changes in collagen content, solubility, shear force, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of yak meat at 4 ± 1 °C were measured. The results showed that the contents and solubility of collagen in yak meat significantly decreased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-11-12T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0059
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Effects of dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and
1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on digestibility, retention of calcium and
phosphorus, and concentration of metabolizable energy in diets fed to sows
in late-gestation
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  Authors: Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein
  Pages: 184 - 188
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 184-188, March 2022.
  The apparent total tract digestibility and retention of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in diets fed to late-gestating sows were not affected by Ca and P levels, but they were increased by dietary supplementation with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. There was no interaction between dietary Ca and P and supplementation with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-11-15T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0018
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Pre- and post-weaning performance of piglets offered different types of
creep feed
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  Authors: Jade M. Sands, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Michael O. Wellington, Josiane C. Panisson, Daniel A. Columbus
  Pages: 189 - 193
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 189-193, March 2022.
  We determined the impact of creep feed provision and type on pre- and post-weaning growth performance of piglets. At 2 wk post farrow, litters (n = 50) were given no creep feed or provided a simple creep feed, a complex creep feed, or both until weaning at ∼28 d. Creep feed, regardless of type, resulted in increased growth (P 0.05).
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-07-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0038
  Issue No: Vol. 102, No. 1 (2021)
Achyranthes Japonica Nakai root extract supplementation improves apparent
nutrient digestibility, caecum microbiota, and excreta gas emission in
broiler chicks
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  Authors: De Xin Dang, Kwan Sik Yun, In Ho Kim
  Pages: 1 - 8
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study investigated the effects of supplementing Achyranthes Japonica Nakai (AJN) root extract to the diet of broiler chicks on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, caecum microbiota, excreta gas emission, and relative weight of organs. A total of 270 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (42.11 ± 0.18 g) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments according to the initial body weight. Each treatment had five replicate cages with 18 birds per cage. The experimental period was 35 d (starter, days 1–7; grower, days 8–21; finisher, days 22–35). Dietary treatments were a corn–soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0.000%, 0.015%, or 0.030% AJN root extract. The apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen (P = 0.025) increased linearly with the increase of the dosage of AJN root extract, while the counts of Escherichia coli in the caecum (P = 0.038) and excreta ammonia emission (P = 0.003) decreased linearly. However, the growth performance (P > 0.05) and the relative weight of organs (P > 0.05) did not differ among the dietary groups. In conclusion, AJN root extract could increase the nutrient digestibility and reduce the noxious gas emission by reducing the caecum harmful microbiota in a dose-dependent manner.
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-12-09T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0164
Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance,
nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs
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  Authors: Jinyoung Lee, Jong Woong Kim, Heidi Hall, Charles Martin Nyachoti
  Pages: 1 - 11
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (OA) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg body weight) were assigned to four dietary treatments with seven replicates per treatment for a 35-day study conducted over two phases: phase 1 (day 1 to 14) and phase 2 (day 14 to 35). Diets consisted of (1) a corn–soybean meal basal diet without any additive (negative control, NC); (2) NC + formic and propionic acids (TRT1); (3) NC + butyric, formic, and propionic acids (TRT2); and (4) NC + antibiotic (positive control, PC). During the overall period, the gain to feed ratio of pigs fed the PC and TRT1 diets tended to be higher (P = 0.059) than that of those fed the NC diet. However, OA supplementation had no effects on nutrient digestibility. Jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was higher (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-12-09T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0080
Evaluation of unprotected and rumen-protected L-carnitine in vitro and in
vivo
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  Authors: Lin Zheng, Rui Han, Wei Jiang, Long Chen, Wei Yu, Wei-guang Zhong, Bing-dong Wei
  Pages: 1 - 11
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of unprotected and rumen-protected L-carnitine through in vitro tests, rumen degradation tests, and in vivo tests. Twelve rumen-fistulated crossbred rams with similar body weights of 55 ± 3.6 kg and ages of 3 ± 0.2 yr old were divided into three treatment groups in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, G1 (basal diet with no additives), G2 (unprotected L-carnitine), or G3 (rumen-protected L-carnitine). Ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected before morning feeding on the last day of each experimental period (21 d). The percentage of L-carnitine remaining in the simulated rumen and abomasum and rumen increased with the increase in the wall material ratio (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-11-16T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0006
Metabolizable energy in corn is greater than in hybrid rye when fed to
gestating sows, but exogenous enzymes did not increase energy
digestibility
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  Authors: Molly L. McGhee, Hans H. Stein
  Pages: 1 - 4
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  The metabolizable energy (ME) in corn was greater (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-11-15T10:19:46Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0054
Effect of dietary folic acid and energy density on immune response, gut
morphology, and oxidative status in blood and breast muscle of broiler
chickens
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  Authors: Fisayo T. Akinyemi, Deborah I. Adewole
  Pages: 1 - 12
  Abstract: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Ahead of Print.
  Folic acid (FA) plays essential roles in many metabolic functions and has been reported to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, dietary supplementation with high levels of FA may improve gut health and prevent potential oxidative stress caused by feeding a high energy density diet to broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were assigned into eight treatments, consisting of either a normal energy (NE) or high energy (HE) density diet, and four FA levels (2.2, 5, 10, and 15 ppm). Data were analyzed by SAS 16 GLM procedure. Birds-fed HE diets had increased (P
  Citation: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
  PubDate: 2021-11-12T08:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0075