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- Exploring the use of #MyAnglophoneCrisisStory on Twitter to understand the
impacts of the Cameroon Anglophone Crisis-
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Authors: Soomin Lee, Lynn Cockburn, Julius T. Nganji
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
Since October 2016, Cameroon has been involved in a violent conflict known as the Anglophone Crisis. This study examines the impact of the hashtag #MyAnglophoneCrisisStory on Twitter in capturing and amplifying the stories of people affected by the crisis. Using R, the authors extracted and analyzed tweets using this hashtag that were posted between 21 October 2020 and 3 November 2020. Only tweets posted in English and French languages were included. To understand the content of the tweets, the authors inductively coded and manually analyzed a total of 1064 tweets, replies, and comments. A categorical analysis revealed the presence of three different types of tweets: ‘Story’, ‘Response to Story’, and ‘Awareness and Advocacy’. The ‘Story’ category had four distinct themes: (1) Senseless Loss of Life: Shot and Killed; (2) The Disappeared: Lost and Kidnapped; (3) On the Move/Elusive Safety: Escape, Displacement; and (4) Prevention and Trauma, Mental Health, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This study supports the concept that even short tweets can have a significant impact and signals the need for more attention and research on this overlooked conflict. Future work can involve the use of more advanced analysis tools to conduct a more thorough examination of tweets.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-06-20T12:08:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221103487
- Death’s common sense: Casualty counts in war reportage from Syria
and beyond-
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Authors: Isaac Blacksin
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
In distilling war to the amount of bodily harms it causes, war becomes measurable, comparable, and intelligible in its journalistic depiction. Yet the self-evidence of casualty counts mystifies both the contingencies of numerical production and the discursive authority that numbers are employed to evoke. Utilizing two years of ethnographic research with the international press corps in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon, this article argues that the importance of casualty counts may be less the statistical reality of war such numbers purport to deliver than it is the symbolism these numbers provide. The ongoing conflict in Syria provides a central case study, approached ethnographically through two registers. First, the author examines on-the-ground casualty counting, demonstrating that what cannot be counted of war yet affects those journalists tasked to quantify war. This circumstance throws into doubt the utility of numbers – and the authority of journalism – for distilling war’s reality. Second, he examines how data on total wartime deaths in Syria, collected by monitoring organizations, is acquired and reproduced by journalists. Here journalists must reckon with the translation of statistical uncertainty into symbolic truth. Finally, the author reflects on the particularity of casualty counts as a journalistic convention, and considers how this particularity is hidden behind a journalistic common sense.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-06-20T12:05:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221101269
- Ringing true' The persuasiveness of Russian strategic narratives
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Authors: Charlotte Wagnsson, Magnus Lundström
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
International Relations (IR) scholars have theorized the significance of communication and messaging across state borders, using notions such as soft power, sharp power, propaganda and illiberal communication. This study contributes to this body of research by investigating narrative persuasiveness by way of a large-scale experimental exploration of narrative reception. The projection of strategic narratives has become a central feature of modern influencing across borders. Despite the existence of a growing literature on the potentially harmful effects of such narratives, however, their persuasiveness remains under-researched. This article seeks to help fill this gap by asking what might induce people in Sweden to side with strategic narratives projected by Sputnik, the Russian state-funded news media platform. The article puts a central component of Walter Fisher’s classic narrative paradigm to the test: the notions of narrative probability (consistency and coherence) and fidelity (previous life experience). In a rare large-scale survey experiment (N = 2,032), three narratives from Sputnik were presented to respondents to establish the potential perceived narrative probability and fidelity. Contrary to Fisher’s argument and some previous works on strategic narratives, the results show that people can be persuaded by a narrative without having personal experience of the topic, and despite regarding the text as incoherent. This indicates that information influence projected through strategic narratives can be effective regardless of the form of the message and even when introducing unfamiliar ideas. This is an interesting addition to findings in previous studies that source awareness does not negatively affect the effectiveness of strategic narratives. The article ends by highlighting contributions to previous research on persuasion and by suggesting avenues ahead.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-06-11T12:58:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221101273
- The platformization of military communication: The digital strategy of the
Israel Defense Forces on Twitter-
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Authors: Alessandra Massa, Giuseppe Anzera
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
Platforms are conditioning the way public communication is conducted while presenting themselves as neutral connectors. Social media logic encompasses norms, strategies, mechanisms and economies acting at the intersection between online platforms and society. Military communication is adapting itself to communicative and socio-technical innovations dictated by online platforms and social network sites. Armies are currently using digital media and online platforms in at least two different ways: a promotional one, based on the ‘normalization’ of militarism, and a conflictual one, based on the display and management of conflicts. In this article, the authors apply qualitative content analysis to investigate the platformed strategy of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Twitter account. Results show how the IDF embraces platformization and uses social media logic to develop a coherent narrative, projecting an attractive image, establishing an international positioning and defining international interlocutors. The institution of communicative formats, the multiplication of themes and representational artefacts, and a re-defined aesthetics of army and violence are enabled by social media logic. Tweets from the IDF follow a dual path: they contribute to normalizing militarism and act on the conflictual display of current affairs.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-06-08T05:12:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221101257
- ‘No difference between journalism and suicide’: Challenges for
journalists covering conflict in Balochistan-
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Authors: Sidra Agha, Márton Demeter
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
The safety of journalists reporting from conflict zones is a complex issue as they are exposed to a variety of challenges on a daily basis. This research aims to identify those multi-dimensional challenges that make Balochistan one of the world’s riskiest places for journalists. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with journalists working in the area, the authors found that the dynamics of conflict in Balochistan are different from those in other parts of Pakistan. Their findings reveal that different threatening agents – nationalist movements, separatist groups, the international agencies active there and the high level of extremism – all mean that journalists often cannot even identify the exact sources of threats. Moreover, journalists state that they receive no help from their media houses when they are reporting from conflict zones and look to the Pakistani army to protect the interests of the Baloch people while facing such challenges and risks.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-06-08T01:47:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221101258
- Media reverberations on the ‘red line’: Syria, metaphor and
narrative in news media-
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Authors: Federica Ferrari
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
This study uses a CADS (Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies) approach to identify a series of axes around which degrees of persuasion can be mapped in debates about international affairs. The author investigates how US and UK news media reported Obama’s use of the term ‘red line’ to describe the potential transgression if Syrian leader Assad used chemical weapons on civilians, which Assad then did. The article examines the connotational, argumentational and rhetorical behaviour of ‘red line’ across news media in the period 4–28 September 2013. In a corpus-assisted analysis of ‘red line’, six discoursal factors emerged as persuasive axes at work: (1) leader’s image; (2) ideological positioning, even in mutual intervention; (3) persuasion consistency; (4) factual investigation; (5) factual interpretation reporting; and (6) evaluated metaphor development. These axes proactively work at the crossroads of metaphor and narrative as transformative and mutually interactive agents in discoursal change. The analysis also identified other subcategories of research potential, plus correlated lexis and concepts such as ‘weakness’ vs ‘strength’. The study’s significance is to ground reflection on the function of metaphor and narrative in steering sense-making in diplomatic practice and to highlight their pragmatic force and dynamics – here in the news genre.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-03-25T06:34:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221078014
- Conflict in the international system in the time of Trump: Strategic
narratives in White House daily newsletters-
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Authors: Faith Leslie, Laura Roselle
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
During the Trump administration, official daily newsletters served as an important form of communication between the President and his constituents. These newsletters provided an overview of how the Trump Administration perceived conflict in the international system, the role and characteristics of the United States and other actors, and policy priorities. These newsletters, 1600 Daily, West Wing Reads, and Resolute Reads, provided a unique and important data source for understanding the Trump administration’s strategic narratives on the international system, especially in the realm of conflict. This article analyzes 810 daily newsletters from March 2017 to March 2020 to assess the administration’s narratives about the international system and several areas of conflict including relations with North Korea, Russia, and China. As the past four years of the Trump presidency saw tensions increase in many areas of American foreign policy, it is necessary to understand the narratives that shaped the Trump administration’s combative approach to diplomacy. The authors find that the strategic narratives of the Trump administration took a unilateral, transactional, and zero-sum approach to foreign policy. The newsletters reflected a prioritization of conflict with long-held allies and a focus on competition with enemies who undermine US dominance in the international system, mainly China and Russia. Within this discussion of foreign policy, this research additionally found a significant emphasis on trade policy, set within a conflictual, mercantilist framework. These newsletters set out conflictual strategic narratives that sought to shape the international system.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-03-15T12:45:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221082610
- Multilingual public diplomacy: Strategic communication of Israeli Defence
Forces (IDF) in Twitter during Operation Guardian of the Walls-
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Authors: José Manuel Moreno-Mercado, Adolfo Calatrava-García
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
Operation Guardian of the Walls was the most serious military conflict between the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) and Palestinian armed groups since 2014. This article aims to explore the Organized Persuasive Communication (OPC) made by IDF, in English, Spanish and French, during the 11 days of the escalation of the war. For this purpose, it has resorted to techniques typical of computational science, specifically the unsupervised machine learning Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and sentiment analysis (multilingual). The data show that there are no significant differences between a range of official Twitter accounts giving a process of information uniformity. The results of the study allow us to know the scope of IDF’s communication within the framework of the so-called new Israeli diplomacy. In addition, this text attempts to demonstrate the usefulness of text mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to strategic studies and international relations.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-03-09T10:32:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221082608
- Book Review: The Desertmakers: Travel, War, and the State in Latin America
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Authors: W George Lovell
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-02-21T11:47:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221081574
- Book Review: Transmitted Wounds: Media and the Mediation of Trauma
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Authors: Gretchen Hoak
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-02-09T05:48:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352221077480
- Book review: British Media and the Rwandan Genocide
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Authors: Catherine Bond
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-02-05T07:07:14Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352211073201
- Messiness in photography, war and transitions to peace: Revisiting Bosnia:
Uncertain Paths to Peace-
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Authors: Rasmus Bellmer, Frank Möller
Abstract: Media, War & Conflict, Ahead of Print.
During and after the wars in ex-Yugoslavia, Bosnia was a laboratory for new photographic approaches to war, violence and civilian suffering. Among these approaches, Fred Ritchin and Gilles Peress’s online photo essay, Bosnia: Uncertain Paths to Peace (1996), emphasized interpretive openness, plurality of meaning, narrative non-linearity and audience interaction, thus redefining as merits what photojournalism had formerly regarded as liabilities. The project convincingly represented the ongoing conflict’s multilayeredness and the vicissitudes of the transition to peace: on a day-to-day level, ambivalence ruled and alliances shifted; chaos, confusion and unpredictability prevailed. The project’s users experience the conflict’s messiness through the website’s overall organization which inhibits easy orientation, thus reproducing the conflict’s disorder. In the grids, in particular, non-sequitur panel-to-panel transitions illustrate the conflict’s lack of sense as it is traditionally understood. The project is an important precursor to current war photography, aiming to acknowledge the messiness of violent conflict rather than reducing it to simple but misleading narratives.
Citation: Media, War & Conflict
PubDate: 2022-02-04T09:20:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/17506352211072463
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