JournalTOCs

Armed Forces & Society
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.29

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 24

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0095-327X - ISSN (Online) 1556-0848
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Family Welfare During the Deployment of Ghana Armed Forces in Peacekeeping
Missions: Exploring the Role of “Military Surrogacy”
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Maggie Dwyer; Humphrey A. Agyekum
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This research focuses on the place of soldiers’ families and family life while on deployment, using the case of Ghana’s regular deployments to international peacekeeping missions. We advance the concept of a “military surrogate” to explain the ways in ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-04-10T04:29:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251331537
Book Review: Training and deployment of America’s nuclear cold warriors
in Asia: Keepers of Armageddon
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Masamichi (Marro) InoueUniversity of Kentucky; Lexington, USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-04-04T04:39:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251331060
The Growing Conservatism of White Veterans Since the 1970s
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Alair MacLean; Steven P. Cassidy
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  In this article, we assess how the political attitudes of veterans compared to those of nonveterans have changed historically. We draw hypotheses from research and theory suggesting that veterans are relatively conservative due to either selection or ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-03-31T01:58:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251326043
Soldier Retention in the Indian Military: Unraveling the Role of Pay,
Promotion and Job Satisfaction
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Sudhir Kumar
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The Indian military is facing challenges in retaining its enlisted soldiers, primarily attributed to the soldiers’ reluctance to continue their service beyond the initial term of engagement. This shortage weakens military cohesion and reduces operational ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-03-24T02:31:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251326081
The Potential Benefits of a Military to Prison-Work Pipeline: A Study of
Newly Hired U.S. Prison Officers’ Self-Efficacy
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Allison Escobedo; Alexander L. Burton, William T. Miller, Cheryl Lero Jonson
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  For years, U.S. prison systems have struggled to staff their prison officer ranks. As such, many agencies have increased advertisements and incentives to specific populations of prospective employees. Particularly, military service member and veteran ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-03-22T04:33:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251323179
Killing in Combat as a Potentially Morally Injurious Event: The Diverging
Psychological Impact of Killing on Peacekeepers and Combat-Oriented Troops
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand; Laura K. Noll, Ann Hergatt Huffman, Christer Lunde Gjerstad, Tore Tveitstul, Jon Gerhard Reichelt, Lars-Petter Bakker, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Ronny Helmersen Kristoffersen, Hans Jakob Bøe, Robert E. Wickham
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The impact of killing in combat (KIC) on veterans’ long-term psychological health is multifaceted and influenced by deployment contexts. This study compared two samples of Norwegian veterans from combat-oriented (Afghanistan 2001–2011,N= 4,053) and ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-03-13T03:19:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251321389
A Mediated Model of Female Navy Personnel’s Personality Traits, Sexism,
and Bystander Attitude Toward Sexual Harassment in Taiwan
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Chia-Chun Wu; Pei-Shan Lee, Zuway-R Hong
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study investigated the mediating effects of personality traits, sexism, and bystander attitudes toward sexual harassment (BASH) among female navy personnel in Taiwan. A cluster sampling method was used to recruit 281 participants, with data collected ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-03-12T12:22:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251318710
The Impact of Military Sexual Misconduct on the Deployment Experiences of
Woman-Identifying Canadian Veterans
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Sarah Lade; Andrea Brown, Kim Ritchie, Heather Milman, Rosemary Park, Alexandra Heber, Ruth Lanius, Karen D. Davis, Heather Eva McNeely, Margaret McKinnon
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The present research examined how military sexual misconduct (MSM) impacts the perceived experiences of unit cohesion in a sample of woman-identifying Canadian military Veterans. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 veterans, asking questions ...
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-03-12T12:17:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241312206
Sexual Misconduct in the Military: The Impact of Situational Factors on
Bystander Intervention Strategies
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Sara Rubenfeld, Manon Mireille LeBlanc, Deanna L. Messervey, Glen T. Howell, Simon A. Houle; Manon Mireille LeBlanc, Deanna L. Messervey, Glen T. Howell, Simon A. Houle
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Intervening is frequently encouraged to prevent or respond to sexual misconduct. However, due to the characteristics of military organizations (e.g., hierarchical structure), intervening may be challenging in military contexts. The aim of this study is to examine situational factors present in militaries (e.g., bystander’s rank relative to the perpetrator’s) that may impact the use of direct or indirect intervention strategies. A sample of Canadian Armed Forces members completed a scenario-based experiment. The results revealed that rank of the bystander, gender of the target, and severity of the situation impacted the use of direct intervention strategies, and the bystander’s rank relative to the perpetrator’s, gender of the target, and severity of the situation impacted the use of indirect intervention strategies. These findings highlight where direct and indirect interventions are unlikely to occur and situations that warrant greater focus in training programs and in communications from leadership.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-02-28T12:06:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251316266
Book Review: Threat multiplier: Climate, military leadership, and the
fight for global security
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Thomas H. Lillie; Encinitas, CA, USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-02-26T11:36:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251321838
Shaping Future Leaders in Taiwan: The Impact of Personality, Parental
Emotional Blackmail, and Career Adaptability on Military Cadets
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Chia-Chun Wu
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Eastern countries emphasize family relationships, where parents may use emotional blackmail—leveraging fear, obligation, and guilt through filial piety—to influence children’s career adaptability. Career adaptability involves proactive strategies to meet career demands. This study investigates the relationship among personality traits, parental emotional blackmail, and career adaptability among the military in a sample of 1,164 Taiwanese military cadets (884 males and 280 females; ages 18–22, M = 19.72, SD = 1.40). Results revealed that personality traits and parental emotional blackmail together explain 49.9% of the variance in career adaptability, with personality contributing most significantly (49.3%), particularly through traits like conscientiousness. Parental emotional blackmail contributed 0.7%, with obligation negatively and guilt positively influencing career adaptability. Some personality traits as a mediator between emotional blackmail and career adaptability. These findings highlight the interplay between family dynamics and personality in shaping cadets’ career adaptability, offering valuable guidance for future cadets in military academy selection.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-02-24T04:12:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251318702
U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard Soldiers’ Motivations for Joining
the Military and Their Effects on Post-Deployment Mental Health
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Rachel A. Hoopsick, Bonnie M. Vest, Mehreen Arif, D. Lynn Homish, Gregory G. Homish; Bonnie M. Vest, Mehreen Arif, D. Lynn Homish, Gregory G. Homish
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The link between combat exposure and mental health among military service members has been well-established, and reservists are at increased risk. This study uses a subset of cross-sectional data (N = 239) from Operation: SAFETY, an ongoing study of U.S. Army Reserve/National Guard soldiers, to examine the moderating effects of reasons for joining the military on the relations between combat exposure and post-deployment mental health symptomatology. Soldiers who served for reasons associated with “wanting a military life” had an increasingly higher likelihood of anxiety symptomatology with greater combat exposure. Conversely, soldiers who served for reasons associated with “wanting material benefits” reported fewer mental health symptoms as combat exposure increased.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-02-19T03:55:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251317445
Revisiting Military as a Total Institution: The Case of Conscript Service
in Estonia
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Eleri Lillemäe, Kairi Kasearu, Eyal Ben-Ari; Kairi Kasearu, Eyal Ben-Ari
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article revisits the concept of the military as a total institution through the lens of conscript service in Estonia. Employing a longitudinal qualitative methodology, it captures the dynamic experiences of conscripts. The findings reveal that tensions arise as conscripts face the totality of their service, leading to short-term situational negotiations and long-term goal adaptations. The study underscores the significant role of transitions between military and civilian life, with these movements serving as key moments of reflection and reshaping conscripts’ perspectives on their service. The findings show that the military has begun paying more attention to individual life courses and aligning its practices with civilian workplaces. While these adaptations align with societal expectations and aim to maintain the institutional legitimacy, they also contribute to the normalization of the military organization, potentially eroding the appeal of conscript service.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-02-19T03:52:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251317439
How Political Ideology Shapes Military Spending' Political Determinants of
Military Expenditures in EU and NATO Member Countries
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Łukasz Wiktor Olejnik
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article aims to test hypotheses regarding the nuanced influence of the political process on the level of disaggregated military spending in 29 European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries over the period 1999–2022. The results, based on the newly created dataset of election results in 510 municipalities or constituencies with military bases in the studied countries, indicate that governments with above-average support of military-related voters in previous elections spend more on the military during the entire term. This suggests that ruling politicians support their core voters. The results also indicate that right-wing governments tend to spend more on arms purchases, while left-wing governments tend to spend more on military personnel. It can be posited that government ideology may create compositional political budgetary cycles, due to the fact that in election years, left-wing governments significantly increase personnel expenditures, while right-wing governments spend more on arms.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-02-14T11:17:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X251315429
Developing Effective Small Team Army Leaders: A Quasi-Randomized
Controlled Trial of the Squad Leader Development Course
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ian A. Gutierrez, Carl D. Smith, Amanda L. Adrian, Yvonne S. Allard; Carl D. Smith, Amanda L. Adrian, Yvonne S. Allard
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Effective leadership is critical to mission success in military organizations. However, instances of unethical and ineffective leadership remain an ongoing concern. To address the need for improved small team leadership, the U.S. Army developed the Squad Leader Development Course (SLDC) to provide junior non-commissioned officers (NCOs) with training and education on Army doctrine, ethical leadership, authentic leadership, and related competencies. Findings from a quasi-randomized controlled trial of SLDC conducted with NCOs (N = 219) found that trainees viewed SLDC as beneficial to themselves, their soldiers, and the Army. Trainees demonstrated improvements in knowledge and competencies related to leadership doctrine; fostering trust, cohesion, psychological safety within their units; and coaching and mentoring their subordinates. No significant effects of training were found with respect to ethical leadership, authentic leadership, or morale. We examine the utility of SLDC for leadership development in the Army and explore implications for military organizations globally.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-01-31T12:41:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241313370
Is Transformational Military Leadership Out There' An Exploratory Research
Study of Military Teams in Action
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jakob Rømer Barfod, Jonathan Clifton; Jonathan Clifton
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Transformational leadership has entered the doctrines of many militaries and has become a fundamental aspect of military training and an aspiration in military practice. However, prior research has not sought to analyze the in situ doing of leadership on combat zone service. To address this research gap, using video and audio-recordings of Danish soldiers on combat service in Afghanistan in 2018, this article takes an inductive and qualitative discursive approach to leadership. More specifically, it investigates the extent to which behaviors associated with transformational leadership are observable in the in situ practice of army teams. We present this article as exploratory research which analyzes what is happening in a limited number of cases to come up with tentative conclusions that suggest avenues for further research that may be investigated in more extensive studies.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-01-18T05:21:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241309327
Artificial Intelligence, Data Centers, Energy Capabilities, and
International Security: An Exploratory Analysis
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Lance Y. Hunter
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Previous valuable scholarship has examined how data centers affect the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Additional research has analyzed how energy consumption and energy efficiency impact data centers. However, less scholarship has considered how data centers, energy capabilities (energy production and energy efficiency), and AI development interact to affect international security. Thus, this exploratory study considers the relationship between data centers, energy capabilities, and AI development and analyzes their potential impact on power distribution in the international system. In doing so, the study develops four indices to capture influential factors related to AI development and security. The study highlights the important role data centers, energy capabilities, and AI development may play in shaping the international balance of power and global security.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-01-16T07:26:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241308839
Navigating Moral Injury and the Search for Recognition: Dutch Peacekeeper
Veterans Return to Lebanon
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Naomi Gilhuis, Tine Molendijk; Tine Molendijk
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Moral injury (MI) not only impacts individuals but also damages relations between individuals and their communities. While conventional interventions focus on individual healing, veterans organize return trips to former deployment areas to mend these damaged relations. Drawing on fieldwork with Dutch UNIFIL veterans in Lebanon and life story interviews, the study examines how these trips address the relational dimensions of MI and trauma more generally. It employs a theoretical framework synthesizing MI and recognition theories, including an interplay between MI and transformative versus affirmative recognition. The analysis reveals relational breaches at political, societal, and interpersonal levels, both in the Netherlands and Lebanon, which profoundly impact veterans' lives, and motivate them to undertake return trips to Lebanon to mend these breaches. The return trips exhibit a complex dynamic of affirmative and transformative recognition, as well as reification, with both potential for healing and counterproductive effects.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-01-11T06:16:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241311466
Accountability, Bureaucratic Discretion, and Civil-Military Relations
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Sean Webeck, Vasabjit Banerjee; Vasabjit Banerjee
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  All democracies wrestle with the problem of representation. Most people intuitively understand this through electoral politics, but this connection is less clear when we consider bureaucracy. And when it comes to civil-military relations, many think about this problem in terms of “civilian control.” We present a different approach and contribute to this literature in three ways. First, we critique assumptions often used in thinking about civilian control. Second, we offer a classification system with three schools of thought on the problem of bureaucratic accountability. These are the (a) political control school (representation through the politics-administration dichotomy and compliance model), (b) responsiveness through institutional design school (representation through formal institutions), and (c) responsibility through values school (representation through informal institutions). We provide examples from scholarship and cinema for each school to aid in understanding and to facilitate teaching and learning. Third, using bureaucratic accountability as an organizing concept, we propose bureaucratic discretion as a different organizing problem or puzzle for civil-military relations scholars to consider. Furthermore, by providing an organizing concept for civil-military relations using insights from the field of public administration, we additionally lay the groundwork to encourage public administration scholars to conduct research on civil-military relations.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2025-01-09T04:44:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241309097
The Military As a Non-Caring Institution: A Case Study of Nigerian
Military Widows of the Boko Haram Conflict
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Fisayo Ajala, Lindy Heinecken; Lindy Heinecken
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study examines the Nigerian Army’s provision of benefits to widows of soldiers killed in the Boko Haram conflict. While military institutions generally offer compensation to bereaved families, the effectiveness of such programs varies. This qualitative research, employing in-depth interviews and focus groups, argues that the Nigerian Army deals with the widows of its fallen soldiers in a bureaucratic and non-caring manner when they access their spousal benefits. This lack of administrative assistance is exacerbated by the widows’ reliance on patronage networks to access their entitlements. These experiences foster a perception of the military as an uncaring institution. The study concludes by urging the Nigerian Army to streamline its bureaucratic processes and eliminate inefficiencies and unprofessional conduct to fulfill its obligations toward fallen soldiers’ families. Failure to do so has severe consequences at various levels for military families, the military, and society.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T11:18:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241308223
Book Review: Rethinking civil-military relations in Africa: Beyond the
coup d’état
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Martial Fanga Agbor; Denominations, Qom, Iran; Danat Al Emarat Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Email: martialfangaagbor@gmail.com
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-26T03:53:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241308232
Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Armed Forces & Society: An
Introduction
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Patricia M. Shields, Donald S. Travis; Donald S. Travis
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This commentary introduces the issue that celebrates Armed Forces & Society (AF&S) at 50. In 1974, during the Cold War, Morris Janowitz launched an international and interdisciplinary journal that helped define a new scholarly field of study. We show how the articles of AF&S reflect the Janowitz’s goals by illustrating how journal content responded to the dynamic societal and security environments. We explore changes in the publishing environment through journal metrics and transformations in publishing technology. We then introduce the articles and commentary that fill the 50th anniversary issue. Two articles take an historical perspective focusing on our parent organization the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society at 70 and description of AF&S articles across the 50 years. Finally, we provide an insightful commentary on 10 impactful articles that demonstrate ways AF&S contributed to our collective understanding of the intersection of military and society.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-21T05:24:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241305743
The Effects of Military Lifestyle and Operational Deployments on Marital
Dynamics: A Qualitative Study of Military Spouses in Türkiye
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Filiz ER
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This qualitative study investigates the effects of military lifestyle and operational deployments on the marital experiences of military spouses through a phenomenological approach. Using MAXQDA 2020 software, the analysis delves into the experiences of 20 military spouses and identifies various critical themes. The study outlines key themes and sub-themes under the categories “Attitudes Towards the Military,” “The Impact of Duties on Marriage,” and “Duty-Related Stress and Resilience Systems.” Findings indicate that despite the potential negative impacts of military lifestyle and deployments on marital relationships, military spouses generally exhibit a positive attitude toward the military and tend to enhance their resilience and develop their strengths in challenging conditions. However, despite this resilience, disruptions in family dynamics have been observed. These results provide a significant basis for understanding the complex effects of military lifestyle on individuals and for developing effective support strategies.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-21T05:19:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241305405
Perceptions of Women in U.S. Army Combat Units: A Mixed-Methods Study
Post-Gender Integration
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Catherine Johanna Miller
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to serving with women on male opinions about gender integration in the formerly all-male Infantry and Armor branches of the U.S. Army. This mixed-methods study used primary survey data collected in 2021 from soldiers serving in the 33 active-duty Army brigade combat teams. A total of 8,798 respondents answered the anonymous electronic questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, regression, and content analysis of qualitative comments. Results indicated that the presence of women within an infantry or armor platoon or squad, or exposure to a female leader, predicted that a male respondent was significantly more likely to support gender integration in combat arms and less likely to worry about effects on unit cohesion and performance. Qualitative analysis of 1,121 comments from infantry and armor men revealed five main themes about gender integration in combat arms and offer insight into quantitative findings.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-17T01:03:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241298608
The Health and Quality of Life of Dutch Peacekeeping Veterans, 40 Years
After the Mission, and Their Association With Deployment-Related Stressors
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jacco Duel, Alieke Reijnen; Alieke Reijnen
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The long-term effects of a peacekeeping deployment on veterans’ health and quality of life are relatively neglected in the literature. We tested the hypothesis that stressors experienced during a peacekeeping mission about 40 years ago are associated with the health and quality of life of Dutch peacekeeping veterans while taking postdeployment life events and coping styles into account. In total, 785 Dutch UNIFIL (1979–1985) veterans were surveyed about their physical and mental health, quality of life, combat experiences, aftermath of battle experiences, and perceived threat, life events, and coping. Overall, Dutch UNIFIL veterans do fine. However, almost one in five is (still) struggling with their mental health. From the deployment stressors, only perceived threat is negatively associated with veterans’ mental health and quality of life. Our findings show that the influence of subjective deployment stressors should be addressed to better understand the long-term health outcomes of peacekeeping veterans.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-13T04:05:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241300521
The Specter of the Casualty: Elite Misreading of British Public
Perceptions of the Soldier 2001–2014
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Adam Shindler
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  During military operations between 2001 and 2014, British political and military leaders came to believe that the public were casualty-averse and viewed soldiers sympathetically as victims. Recent scholarship has demonstrated that this interpretation of public opinion altered the way that British combat operations were conducted in Afghanistan. This study finds that this elite interpretation was inaccurate. Providing a first analysis of British media representations of soldiers at key moments throughout the whole campaign, it finds that this interpretation misjudged the nature of soldier victimhood. Where political and military elites attributed public disquiet to military casualties, this research finds that the public was more likely to be concerned with contextual factors (notably competent management) and argues that casualty-aversion was a symptom of this concern rather than its cause—a finding which sees the U.K. experience as supporting and extending U.S.-based theory.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-04T04:14:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241301037
Calling out the Troops to Manage Environmental and Health Crises in
Australia: Public Understandings of Domestic Armed Forces Operations
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Josh Holloway, Rob Manwaring; Rob Manwaring
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Domestic deployment of armed forces as part of state-led responses to environmental and health hazards is a common occurrence across liberal democracies. Yet we know little about how these domestic operations influence public attitudes. Using six focus groups, we examine Australians’ views on the performance and appropriate roles of the Australian Defense Force (ADF) in the context of two domestic operations: Bushfire Assist (2019–2020) and COVID-19 Assist (2020–2022). We find high trust in the ADF and the capabilities of its personnel in assisting the civil community in crisis response—but a trust often based in “blind faith.” Likewise, we find broad support for domestic deployments, but with a clear caveat: military personnel should not undertake any roles of coercion or enforcement. The findings suggest democratic governments must carefully balance the benefits of leveraging military resources against potentially weakening the public support sustaining military legitimacy and “social license” to operate.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-03T12:58:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241301612
Challenge Acceptance as a Key Psychological Characteristic of Ukrainian
Sergeants During the War: A Research Note
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Oleg Kokun, Iryna Pischko, Natalia Lozinska; Iryna Pischko, Natalia Lozinska
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This exploratory pilot study aimed to identify psychological characteristics associated with combat readiness among Ukrainian sergeants engaged in the Russian–Ukrainian war. Eighty-three male sergeants (aged 26–60) from various combat units were assessed using psychological questionnaires and supervisor ratings of combat readiness. The findings revealed that challenge acceptance, a key component of hardiness, had the strongest positive correlation with combat readiness, while avoidance coping emerged as the most significant negative predictor. Additional negative coping strategies, such as indirect, antisocial, and aggressive actions, were also found to be negatively associated with readiness. These results provide initial insights into the psychological traits that may contribute to effective performance in combat and offer potential directions for refining selection and training processes for military personnel. Further research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings and expand upon them.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-12-03T12:55:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241301039
Fighting to Become One of the Boys: Inattentive (Re)gendering of Military
Professionalism Among Danish Soldiers
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Helene Pristed Nielsen
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Denmark is a country that generally prides itself as being gender equal. This is expressed within the Danish Armed Forces through identical physical requirements for both male and female soldiers, gender-mixed accommodation, and all positions being open to all genders. However, when partaking in international missions, female Danish soldiers often experience being secluded from their unit through gender-segregated accommodation. This has severe social and operational consequences for their performance as soldiers on a supposedly equal footing with their male colleagues. Based on interviews with 25 female soldiers with recent deployment experiences, the article discusses how gender is remade as a professionally differentiating factor among Danish military personnel during deployment. For most of the interviewed women, their professional aspiration is to become “one of the boys” and be recognized as contributing equally to mission goals. However, their military professionalism is hampered through the gender segregation they experience during deployment.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-28T10:04:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241298609
How Do Those Who Have Served Deserve to Be Treated' Military Veterans in
the U.K. Social Security System
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Philip Martin, Lisa Scullion, David Young, Joe Pardoe, Celia Hynes, Katy Jones; Lisa Scullion, David Young, Joe Pardoe, Celia Hynes, Katy Jones
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Military service has often been a basis for civilian welfare entitlements. If mass wartime service justified collective provision, it is now suggested professional militaries have been co-opted to support reformed welfare models in which entitlement is increasingly conditional on individuals’ commitment, discipline, and responsibility. “Forces Covenants” which explicitly connect the dedication and contribution of service to state assistance, symbolically re-enforce this shift. The U.K. state operates a highly conditional civilian social security system, and an active Armed Forces Covenant agenda. This article assesses the extent to which U.K. veterans who also claimed social security benefits support or reject the principles of conditionality. It contends military service continues to inform values they believe civilian services should follow. Although some align with conditional ideas of entitlement, others are at odds. This analysis adds to the understandings of contemporary welfare and the role of military identities after service.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-20T04:11:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241286860
Substance Use Service Utilization and Barriers to Access Among Homeless
Veterans: A Scoping Review
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jordan Babando, Justine Levesque, Danika A. Quesnel, Stephanie Laing, Nathaniel Loranger, Arielle Lomness, Philip McCristall; Justine Levesque, Danika A. Quesnel, Stephanie Laing, Nathaniel Loranger, Arielle Lomness, Philip McCristall
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The high prevalence of military veteran substance use (SU) when compared to their nonveteran counterparts has been described as an urgent public health issue. The commonality of severe mental and physical health comorbidities in this population affects their ability to recover and relates to the onset and maintenance of homelessness. While veteran-targeted housing and SU interventions exist, they are being underutilized. This scoping review synthesizes published peer-reviewed articles from 1990 to 2021 at the intersections of housing, substance abuse, and service utilization by homeless veterans. Qualitative thematic analysis of 119 retained peer-reviewed articles revealed five key themes: (1) the association between SU and housing stability, (2) gendered comparisons with service needs and provision, (3) consideration for comorbidities, (4) social support and relationship-centered interventions, and (5) barriers to health care services. This review offers a series of concerns, outcomes, and recommendations that might be valuable for practitioners, health care providers, and community stakeholders when implementing or re-evaluating new or existing homeless veteran treatment programs.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-18T09:56:42Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241297650
Book Review: Kings, conquerors, psychopaths: From Alexander to Hitler to
the corporation
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Thomas H. Lillie; USAF (ret), Pinehurst, NC, USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-14T10:12:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241299135
Committed to its Founding Principles: 50 Years of Armed Forces &
Society Journal
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Barış Ateş, Tamir Libel; Tamir Libel
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Armed Forces & Society (AF&S) marks its 50th anniversary in 2024. The objective of this study is to assess the journal’s adherence to its founding principles encompassing interdisciplinarity, internationalism, and its role as a bridge between the military and academia. This study extends a 25- and 40-year analysis by Ender and Sookermany et al., who examined trends in authorship and affiliation in AF&S. This study covers 50 years, includes 1,415 research articles, and focuses on authors’ expertise, gender, country, continent, and military background. Our findings show a consistently higher author-to-article ratio, an increasing proportion of female authors, a wider range of disciplines from more countries, and an increasing proportion of authors with professional military backgrounds. We conclude that the editorial stance has consistently followed founding principles, and its scope remains recognizable.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-14T10:09:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241296827
Subjective and Objective Measurement of Underemployment and Income Among
Post-9/11 Veterans
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Nicole R. Morgan, Katie E. Davenport, Brandon A. Balotti, Keith R. Aronson, Daniel F. Perkins; Katie E. Davenport, Brandon A. Balotti, Keith R. Aronson, Daniel F. Perkins
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Underemployment is an involuntary condition where individuals consider their employment inferior relative to a standard. This study analyzes underemployment among veterans using data from a large longitudinal study and federal occupational data to explore the relationship between subjective perceptions and objective indicators. Veterans reported their occupations, salaries, and subjective underemployment. Each veteran’s occupation was matched with O*NET job zone, education, and occupational median income data. Four groups were identified: neither subjectively nor objectively underemployed, subjectively underemployed only, objectively underemployed only, and both subjectively and objectively underemployed. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined salary differences. Most veterans’ occupations required some education, and higher educational attainment correlated with increased underemployment. Two thirds of cases showed agreement between subjective and objective assessments, with underemployed veterans earning significantly less. This study highlights the reliability of self-reports as indicators of objective underemployment and underscores the need for innovative strategies to address veteran underemployment through early detection.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-14T10:02:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241293706
Differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Between U.S.
Civilians and Military Veterans in the Gulf War and Post-9/11 War
Eligibility Cohorts: A Research Note
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Kevin J. Ortiz Diaz, Scott D. Landes, Shannon M. Monnat; Scott D. Landes, Shannon M. Monnat
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among military veterans who experienced combat compared with those who did not. However, it is unknown how PTSD rates differ between veterans and nonveterans when accounting for combat status. We used a sample of 10,880 participants from the 2021 and 2022 National Wellbeing Survey—national annual cross-sectional surveys of U.S. adults aged 18 to 64—to assess relationships between military veteran-combat status and PTSD diagnosis among two war eligibility cohorts: the Gulf War and post-9/11 conflicts. We found that among both war eligibility cohorts, combat veterans were more likely than nonveterans to report a PTSD diagnosis: 3.42 times greater probability in the Gulf War eligibility cohort and 4.87 times greater probability in the post 9/11 cohort. Noncombat veterans had greater probability of PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63) than nonveterans only in the post 9/11 cohort. These results underscore the importance of ensuring proper mental health care for combat veterans.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-11-12T08:59:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241291856
Motivated to Fight: Diverse Motivations of Foreign Fighters in the
Russia–Ukraine War
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ori Swed, Aria Stiefelmaier, Oleksandra Hanchukova; Aria Stiefelmaier, Oleksandra Hanchukova
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Why fight for someone else’s war' This study explores the motivations of foreign fighters joining the Ukrainian Foreign Legion during the 2022 to 2023 phase of the Russia–Ukraine War. Unlike previous research centered on foreign nationals’ involvement in terrorist organizations and jihadist groups, particularly in the Middle East, this case captures a different trend characterized by institutionalized recruitment processes and tacit international support. Using an original data set of 296 pro-Ukraine fighters compiled from open-source materials, we analyze their stated motivations and demographic characteristics. We found motivations vary based on specific factors. Fighters’ origin includes Westerners fighters for empathy, altruism, and moral duty, while former Soviet fighters are driven by ideology and geopolitics. The complex and context-dependent nature of foreign fighter motivations is highlighted in this study, emphasizing how motivations can shift across time and context. This finding urges future research to consider both general and conflict-specific factors.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-10-28T05:27:19Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241291219
Armed Forces as an Employer of Choice: The Role of Gender and
Person–Organization Fit
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Nancy Otis, Sarah Jayne A. Connick-Keefer; Sarah Jayne A. Connick-Keefer
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Many militaries are facing challenges in meeting recruitment goals and increasing the number of women in their ranks. The objectives of this study were to examine the gender-specific associations between Armed Forces (AF) employer knowledge dimensions (i.e., familiarity, job attributes, and reputation) and AF attractiveness as an employer as well as to assess the moderating effects of person–organization fit (P-O fit) between these associations. Participants included 1,955 potential applicants who completed an online survey on the Canadian Armed Forces’ image. Results from multiple-group analyses showed that P-O fit was the factor most strongly associated with AF attractiveness for both men and women. Results also suggested that P-O fit plays a moderating role for women in that a minimum level of P-O fit is necessary for perceived work–life benefits in the AF to positively affect attraction to a military career.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-10-26T04:54:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241283467
Autocratic Leaders, Combat Experience, and Interstate Conflict: Evidence
From Iraq
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Michael D. Cohen
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Scholarship concurs that autocratic and military regimes are highly likely to initiate and escalate militarized interstate disputes. While combat experience can moderate the war-prone tendencies of some leaders, most agree that this does not occur in autocratic regimes. This article presents evidence that under at least some conditions, the experience of military combat can make leaders of autocratic and military regimes less likely to initiate militarized disputes. The empirical analysis supports these claims through examining three leaders of the same state—Iraq—who varied in their military and combat experience but faced the same two adversaries regarding the same territorial disputes.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-10-24T04:18:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241282311
Of Rivals and Enemies: Military–Police Relations in Internal Armed
Conflict in Mexico and Colombia
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Andrew Ivey
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  While the dynamics of civil–military relations have traditionally been studied in a dyadic structure, internal deployment changes the relationship between armed agents and their civilian principals. While soldiers fight external wars alone, at home they fight alongside other centrally controlled armed agencies such as police and gendarmeries. This article studies the relationships between militaries, civilians, and centrally controlled police and gendarmeries, which I describe as “alternative security forces (ASFs)” in two democracies with high levels of internal armed conflict, Colombia and Mexico. Based on interview and archival data, I find that while militaries and ASFs will inevitably find themselves in rivalry, the “tone and tenor” of this rivalry matters for civilian governments. While an interservice rivalry allowed for ASF-military cooperation even in the face of competition in Colombia, a zero-sum rivalry in Mexico has hindered the development of law enforcement and perpetuated an unsuccessful over-reliance on the military.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-10-19T06:39:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241282675
Artificial Intelligence and U.S. Military Cadets’ Attitudes About
Future War
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Paul Lushenko, Robert Sparrow; Robert Sparrow
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  What shapes warfighters’ trust in military technologies augmented with Artificial Intelligence (AI)' Research often assumes that junior military personnel, including cadets training to become officers, will trust AI during future wars, and at higher levels than senior officers. We test these claims by fielding a survey experiment among a representative sample of cadets assigned to the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program in the United States. Our analysis reveals that cadets are more trusting of AI-enhanced military technologies than senior officers, but that their trust is shaped by a more conservative understanding of the appropriate use and oversight of AI. We also find that cadets’ trust is shaped by a complex set of instrumental, normative, and operational considerations, including ongoing cognitive development, education, and professional enculturation. These results provide the first experimental evidence of cadets’ trust in AI-enhanced military technologies and have implications for future research, policy, and military modernization.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-10-18T09:51:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241284264
Complexities and Possibilities of Strengthening the Social Inclusion of
Military Women in the Netherlands Armed Forces: Findings From an Action
Research Project
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Amber S. Spijkers, Anke Snoek, Bert Molewijk, Eva van Baarle; Anke Snoek, Bert Molewijk, Eva van Baarle
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The social inclusion of military women is negatively affected by dominant masculine norms. Often, military organizations try to promote inclusion through top-down policies. However, little is known about solutions military personnel themselves propose, and what is needed to implement those. Drawing on an action research project in the Netherlands Armed Forces, we identify four systemic collaborative requirements to implement initiatives aimed at improving inclusion: (a) awareness and recognition of women’s (negative) experiences, (b) a safe environment for dialogue and joint ownership, (c) organizational trust, support and mandate, and (d) the implementation of interventions in the organizational structure. We discuss two paradoxes we identified (a) addressing inclusion in unsafe workplaces requires safety and (b) creating awareness about women’s social inclusion without putting women in the spotlight. Our results show that a dialogic and collaborative approach is promising, especially to address the complexities that arise when trying to strengthen inclusion.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-10-05T11:52:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241279184
U.K. Veterans in Prison: Attitudes Toward Authority, Legitimacy and
Compliance With Regime
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Daniel Packham
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Despite an increase in academic research over recent years into military veterans in the criminal justice system, little of this has focused on U.K. veterans’ views and attitudes toward authority in prison or how veterans respond to prison regime. This study used semistructured qualitative interviews with 35 ex-military prisoners to explore their views and attitudes toward the authority and legitimacy of the prison and to assess their behavior toward prison regime. It found that participants expressed positive attitudes toward authority and the legitimacy of the prison, reportedly influenced by previous military experiences. This was accompanied by an acceptance of one’s prison sentence and a generally high compliance with prison regime. Findings suggest that research participants’ previous military service may have lasting effects on how they engage with authority within the prison by providing resilience toward the effects of imprisonment. Possible areas of future research are also discussed.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-30T12:58:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241281662
Civilian Control, Civil–Military Friction, and Foreign Military
Intervention
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jeffrey Pickering, Ghashia Kiyani; Ghashia Kiyani
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The relationship between domestic civil–military relations and the use of foreign military force has been long debated. The two primary perspectives on the issue, civilian conservatism and military conservatism, are antithetical. The former maintains that military authorities are more likely to advocate for the use of military force than civilian counterparts, while the latter advances the opposite argument. Empirical research to date has added little clarity to the relationship. We shed new light on this long running controversy through analyses of a different, and arguably more appropriate, set of measures for the key variables of concern: civilian control, civil–military conflict, and the use of foreign military force. In zero-inflated negative binomial estimates of 165 countries from 1946 to 2010, we find consistent support for civilian conservatism. More specifically, when civilian control erodes or civil–military conflict reaches particularly high levels, the likelihood that a state will launch a foreign military intervention increases.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-30T12:32:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241279162
National Guard Command Authority and the Black Lives Matter Protests of
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jeffrey S. Lantis
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study explores connections between the military experiences of a new generation of War on Terror (WoT) veterans elected to the U.S. Congress and controversial policy decisions on domestic security during the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests. WoT veterans became the largest cohort of lawmakers with common military experiences on Capitol Hill in 2020, and this article examines their engagement through two original case studies of legislative debates over command and control of the National Guard mobilization during BLM protests. Confrontations between federal law enforcement officers and BLM protestors led some WoT veterans to propose legislation to restrict executive authority over National Guard deployments, including reforms of Titles 10 and 32 of the U.S. Code and the Insurrection Act, but other WoT veterans challenged these positions. This exploratory study of events and circumstances links the timely topic of domestic security to traditional debates in the civil–military relations literature on whether veterans are more or less likely to support the use of military force and try to expand congressional oversight of presidential powers. By bridging the gap between research areas and crossing generations, this article offers lessons for past, present, and potentially future debates about the use of troops for domestic security operations.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-30T04:21:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241275649
War Is Back in Post-Heroic Europe: Change and Continuity in the
Relationship Between the Armed Forces and Society
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Tine Molendijk
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Since war is back in Europe, societal perceptions are shifting. Terms such as “warfighting,” “whole of society,” and “total defence force” are becoming more prevalent. There is a growing recognition of the military’s importance and heightened appreciation for soldiers, while taboos on weapon manufacturing and warfighting are disappearing. To what extent, how and with what implication have societal attitudes surrounding the armed forces changed in recent years' This article examines this question through exploratory empirical research of military, political, and public communication items, including media accounts and speeches. This reveals both change and continuity in what had been called post-heroic Europe: both a more pro-military stance and the persistence of one-dimensional narratives of conflict, military intervention and soldiers. This is strategically and ethically problematic. While fairy tale narratives dehumanize both opponents and “our” soldiers, demanding them to be superhuman, a tragic narrative better captures the human reality of war.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-27T08:36:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241281663
Citizenship Traditions and Cultures of Military Service: Patriotism and
Paychecks in Five Democracies
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ronald R. Krebs, Robert Ralston, Thierry Balzacq, David Blagden, Shaul R. Shenhav, Markus Steinbrecher; Robert Ralston, Thierry Balzacq, David Blagden, Shaul R. Shenhav, Markus Steinbrecher
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Why do people think that soldiers and officers join the military' In this article, we report and explain unique survey results of nationally representative populations in five democracies—France, Germany, Israel, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Beliefs about motivations for military service vary significantly by nation. In Israel and France, large majorities endorse intrinsic accounts of service motivations—that is, those centering on patriotism and good citizenship. The U.S. population is nearly evenly split between extrinsic accounts—ascribing service to the pay and benefits received or to the desire to escape desperate circumstances—and intrinsic ones. A large majority of U.K. and Germany-based respondents hew to extrinsic service accounts. We argue that the most plausible explanation lies with prevailing national citizenship discourses, in combination with the military’s operational tempo. This research has implications for public support for military recruitment, the use of force, and democratic civil–military relations.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-27T08:28:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241275635
Political Giving by Retired U.S. General and Flag Officers
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Neil Snyder
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Why do retired U.S. General and Flag Officers (GOFOs) donate to political causes' I argue that retired GOFOs likely sort between nondonors, partisan donors, and corporate political action committee donors. Using a novel data set of all former members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and former Combatant Commanders from 1979 to 2022 and drawing on data from the Federal Election Commission, I examine the conditions associated with increased likelihood of GOFO political giving. The results suggest that the majority of retired GOFOs are nongivers. However, retired GOFOs are more likely to donate to Republicans than to Democrats, and GOFOs are more likely to donate to Republicans during U.S. presidential elections. I find strong partisan trends in GOFOs’ political giving, and the results provide new insights into the conditions under which retired American GOFOs take domestic political action.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-18T07:55:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241277209
Book Review: Mightier Than the Sword: Civilian Control of the Military and
the Revitalization of Democracy
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Thomas H. Lillie; USAF (ret), Pinehurst, NC USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-14T12:46:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241278891
Something to Take Home: A Two-Wave Study of Work–Family Facilitation and
Well-Being Among Brazilian Soldiers Prior to and During a Humanitarian
Mission
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Alda Santos, Beatriz Aguiar, Maria José Chambel, Carolina Rodrigues-Silveira; Beatriz Aguiar, Maria José Chambel, Carolina Rodrigues-Silveira
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Despite ongoing war scenarios, on today’s global, socio-political stage there are many situations that call for noncombat deployments. However, humanitarian missions have been understudied, particularly from a positive perspective. This study aims to ascertain the moderating role of work–family facilitation in the influence of work engagement on life satisfaction in a military context. To this end, 217 Brazilian soldiers on a humanitarian mission completed our surveys in two distinct waves: predeployment and mid-mission. Findings support the positive influence of work engagement on life satisfaction, as well as the moderating, enhancing effect of work–family facilitation on the relationship between work engagement and life satisfaction. The study contributes to the literature concerning work-related features (work engagement) and subjective well-being (life satisfaction) among soldiers on a humanitarian mission. Evidence is provided of the importance of the work–family interface as a factor promoting soldiers’ individual well-being in potentially threatening situations. Practical implications are discussed.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-10T11:49:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241269818
Re-examining Willingness to Fight for One’s Country: Exploring Nature of
Conflict and Citizenship Status Effects in the United States and Canada
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Christopher A. Simon, Nicholas P. Lovrich, Kenneth G. Verboncoeur, Michael C. Moltz; Nicholas P. Lovrich, Kenneth G. Verboncoeur, Michael C. Moltz
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Individuals’ willingness to fight for their country has garnered significant attention in research; yet, the intricate connection between such willingness with individual identity, conflict type, and personal values remains underexplored. Through deductive exploratory quantitative analysis, this study examines two potentially interrelated factors—social identity and nature of conflict concerns—in the context of two multi-ethnic, immigrant-rich Western democracies in the 21st century. Using cross-sectional national survey data and a social identity framework, a quantitative comparative analysis of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) member nations Canada and the United States reveals a relationship between conflict concerns, immigrant identity, and willingness to fight; generally speaking, immigrants are more willing to fight for their host nations than the native-born individuals.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-04T12:20:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241269905
Book Review: Corporate Security Surveillance: An Assessment of Host
Country Vulnerability to Terrorism
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Cynthia McClintock; Washington, DC, USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-09-04T12:14:03Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241276214
Concordance Theory: A Retrospective on the Creation of New
Civil–Military Relations Theory
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Rebecca L. Schiff
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This piece is part of the 50th Anniversary Armed Forces & Society (AF&S) special issue. I am honored to be a part of this selection of essays. I am grateful to my colleagues at AF&S for their expertise and intellectual insights over the years since my original Concordance theory article—“Civil–Military Relations Reconsidered: A Theory of Concordance”—was published in 1995. Any comments made here that reflect on the current state of the academy and my experience with it over the years are in no way directed at AF&S and the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society (IUS-AF&S). Both AF&S and IUS have been extremely supportive of my work and the scholarship of many students, researchers, and academics around the world. I have been proud to be a part of both the journal and the organization that supports the study of civil–military relations. My Concordance theory and its evolution have only benefited because of my affiliation with AF&S and IUS.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-08-21T03:57:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241265502
Building a National Army: The Paradoxes of Civil–Military Relations
in Ethiopia
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Yonas Tariku, Asnake Kefale; Asnake Kefale
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The nature of civil–military relations in postconflict states where rebel groups won a civil war and built the national army anew is underappreciated and undertheorized. Drawing from a comprehensive analysis of Ethiopia’s experience of building a national army from 1991 to 2018 as a case study, this article attempts to fill this gap. The article argues that the rebel-origin of the regime and the army, the ideology underpinning the regime, and its aspiration to emerge as a hegemonic political force determine the nature of civil–military relations in a postconflict state where the rebel won the war. The article adopts a qualitative case study methodology and relies on data collected through key-informant interviews, government archives, and extensive survey of the state-owned daily newspaper, Addis Zemen. The article contributes to the body of knowledge on civil–military relations in postconflict states in general, and the study of civil–military relations in Africa in particular.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-30T05:49:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241265823
Characterizing Excellence: Lessons From Awarded Military-Technological
Leaders
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Oshri Bar-Gil
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  As technological superiority becomes increasingly vital for military effectiveness, a distinct category of technological leaders has emerged within militaries. This qualitative study explores excellence in this domain by interviewing 11 recipients of the prestigious Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Technological Award. In-depth interviews grounded in the critical incident technique revealed four integral facets of military tech leadership excellence: Technical mastery built through expertise and continuous learning, mission dedication demonstrated through overcoming obstacles, interpersonal skills in understanding needs and translating across domains, and adaptability in integrating innovation. Notable findings show that technologists adhere to canonical military leadership values such as mission dedication, although they apply them distinctly for technological purposes. Compared with traditional military leadership, tech leaders have specialized skills in bridging operational necessities and technological solutions. This study proposes a framework that encapsulates the attributes, motivations, and behaviors that underpin excellence in military technological leadership. These findings have implications for selection, training, and development of future leaders in military technology.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-30T05:46:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241259710
Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Post-9/11 Era Veterans
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Stephen Metraux, Claire A. Kolaja, Baylee Crone, Thomas Byrne, Rudolph P. Rull, Ben Porter; Claire A. Kolaja, Baylee Crone, Thomas Byrne, Rudolph P. Rull, Ben Porter
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study examined the associations between a broad range of individual characteristics and homelessness among 49,323 post-9/11 era Veterans. Questions concerning the roles of premilitary, military and post military factors in Veteran’s vulnerability to homelessness have persisted despite the considerable attention given to Veteran homelessness, and has highlighted the absence of longitudinal studies that could contribute to the empirical understanding of risk and protective factors among this population. The Veterans in this study group completed Millennium Cohort Study surveys during their military service and subsequently, when they transitioned back to civilian life. Among these Veterans, 1,071 (2.2%) reported becoming homeless after separating from the military. Results from multivariate models provide limited empirical support for direct links between aspects of military service and homelessness that are widely used to explain why Veterans become homeless. Instead, many risk factors for homelessness found here mirror risk factors among the general population. We also find a persistent association between sexual orientation and risk for homelessness, and decreased risk for homelessness among female Veterans. These findings challenge popular conceptions of why Veterans become homeless and contribute to understanding the dynamics of becoming homeless among this current Veteran cohort.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-26T06:01:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241259080
Captain Mayor and Sergeant Councilman' An Assessment of the Reach of
Military Politicization in Brazilian Politics
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Kelly Piazza, Jamie Landy; Jamie Landy
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Civilian control of the armed forces and the absence of military politicization are fundamental democratic norms. In recent years, some democratically elected national leaders, including former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, have subverted these norms. In this article, we, first, evaluate whether the increased national political involvement of the armed forces in Brazil extends to the realm of local politics and, second, discern whether conditions- and demand-based theories explain local-level trends. To do this, we descriptively assess candidacies from 21st-century Brazilian municipal elections and estimate a series of municipality- and multi-level regression models exclusively for the 2020 round. We learn that national politicization has coincided with a marked increase in the number of military candidates, conceptualized as those who use military titles in their electoral campaigns, in Brazilian mayoral and city councilor contests and that municipal support for Bolsonaro is positively associated with military candidates contesting local elections, in line with conditions-based theories, sounding the alarm bells of civil–military weakening.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-26T06:00:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241255652
The Science of Charles C. Moskos: From Institution to Occupation
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: John Sibley Butler
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This commentary addresses Professor Charles C. Moskos, Jr.’s Institutional/Occupational Framework (I/O) for the study of organizational change within the military. The first section examines the integration of military organizations with other organizations, and the second section is my recollections when Moskos was formulating the thesis. The final section comments on my experiences under Professor Moskos as his PhD Student.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-24T12:14:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241262206
How Does Military Experience Affect Employment: Evidence From China
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Dongni Li
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The impact of military experience on employment has long been a hot topic of academic discussion, and understanding how military experience affects employment is crucial to promoting the employment of veterans. Based on the 2010 to 2020 China Family Panel Studies data, the article investigates the effect of military experience on individual employment and its underlying mechanism, and overcomes the endogeneity via IV-Probit model. It is found that military experience significantly contributes to employment, specifically through improving the job opportunities in the public sector, increasing the likelihood of holding an administrative position, and enhancing one’s political capital, social capital, and human capital. The findings of this article provide insights into how to deal with the unemployment problem of ex-servicemen and help the relevant authorities to formulate targeted measures to safeguard the employment of veterans.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-24T12:11:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241260685
Partners in Love/War: An Explorative Study of Ukrainian Soldiers’ Lived
Experiences of Being in a Romantic Relationship in the Russo-Ukrainian War
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Marcel Mangold
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores the lived experiences of Ukrainian soldiers in a romantic relationship with another soldier in the same unit in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Contributing to scholarship on military couples, embodied experiences of war, human dimensions of warfare, and soldierly love, the study aims to understand how these soldiers are affected emotionally and as soldiers by having a relationship on the frontline. Drawing upon the Grounded Theory method, based on eight semi-structured interviews with soldiers from four couples, the findings visualize these experiences through four theoretical constructs. Having a relationship while serving on the frontline endowed these soldiers in Ukraine with an existential purpose that was protective and motivating, making them cautious and feel less dehumanized but also stressed from fear of loss. The findings have implications for how armed forces understand soldiers’ emotional needs and relations at war.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-07-24T12:07:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241260660
Moral Injury: A Framework for Understanding Conflict-Related Sexual
Violence Against Men
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Emeka Thaddues Njoku, Isaac Dery, Scott Nicholas Romaniuk; Isaac Dery, Scott Nicholas Romaniuk
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Studies on conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) emphasize the need for the integration of a victim-centered lens into Feminist International Relations (IR) frameworks on sexual violence victimization in conflict or war. However, our understanding of the perpetrator-centered lens is limited. Drawing from ethnographic accounts of Nigerian security agents, male victims of CRSV, and aid workers, we analyze moral injury as a framework for discussing CRSV. In Nigeria, counterterrorism operations can lead to morally detrimental circumstances due to the government’s poor management of counterterrorism operations, resulting in the loss of lives and subsequent feelings of betrayal, anger, and guilt by security agents. Some security agents often display these emotions through violent acts to others, such as CRSV against men and boys suspected of terrorism, thereby exacerbating moral injury. The guilt-based moral injury arises when security agents witness CRSV against men and boys by colleagues and fail to seek justice for victims, as this contradicts social and institutional norms. Our article broadens the concept of moral injury by elucidating its significance to CRSV. In doing so, it advances the concept’s disciplinary focus on psychology to IR or international security—counterterrorism and CRSV—for conceptual sophistication and interdisciplinary exchange of thoughts. This article offers valuable insights into trauma-informed international humanitarian interventions for security agents and victims.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T06:47:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241259708
Revisiting Propensity to Serve and Motivations to Enlist: Insights and
Implications for Contemporary Military Recruitment Challenges and Research
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Todd Woodruff, Ryan Kelty, David R. Segal; Ryan Kelty, David R. Segal
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  As recruitment challenges persist, understanding enlistment motivations remains pivotal in ensuring military readiness and guiding evolving recruitment strategies. This article examines the enduring relevance of the 2006 study “Propensity to Serve and Motivation to Enlist Among American Combat Soldiers” by Woodruff, Kelty, and Segal and underscores its significance amid contemporary military recruitment challenges. The original article was selected to be profiled as part of the 50th anniversary issue. Building on work by some of the most important names in military sociology, our research underscores the critical importance of understanding the complex interplay of factors influencing enlistment decisions and the effects of declining propensity to serve for all-volunteer militaries. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of enlistment motivations, we emphasize the importance of tailored approaches to attract diverse cohorts of recruits. Our study not only contributes to military sociology and recruiting actions but has also informed policy discussions, stimulated interdisciplinary research, and facilitated the transmission of scholarly knowledge and mentorship to future generations of scholars and leaders.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T06:44:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241259465
Book Review: The U.S. military in the print news media: Service and
sacrifice in contemporary discourse
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Donald S. Travis; Society, New Berlin, PA, USA Email: dontravis752@yahoo.com
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-06-20T05:53:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241261658
“I Just Don’t Want to Be Part of It Anymore”: How Harm and Betrayal
Erode Cohesion in the Aftermath of Military Sexual Misconduct
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Stacey Silins
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study addresses the nature of harm and betrayal following sexual misconduct from the perspective of military personnel and veterans with lived experience, and its impact on military cohesion. A total of 67 semistructured interviews were originally conducted to explore experiences seeking related support in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). A secondary analysis revealed descriptions of interpersonal and institutional betrayal, which damaged their trust and regard for the organization and weakened organizational commitment and connection. Participants framed these impacts in relation to their peers, their leaders, and the organization more broadly, demonstrating that harm from poor organizational responses destabilizes the fundamental bonds that support military cohesion on multiple levels. These findings provide insight into the subjective experience of betrayal associated with sexual misconduct and highlight how organizational responses can substantially mitigate or exacerbate this harm.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-06-20T05:51:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241257515
Commentary on: Military Institutions and Citizenship in Western Societies
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Brenda L. Moore
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This is a commentary on Morris Janowitz’s article, “Military Institutions and Citizenship in Western Societies,” published in February 1976, in Armed Forces & Society, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 185–204. In the article, Janowitz links sociopolitical changes to the rise and subsequent fall of mass popular Armies. Military service during the 19th century was an integral part of citizenship. However, in the 1960s, mass militaries based on compulsory service began to transform into smaller volunteer forces “with profound implications for social structure, political power, and nationalism.” In this article, I highlight Janowitz’s analysis of the rise and fall of the mass armed forces. I also discuss the three sets of factors Janowitz used in his analysis: (a) technological and organizational change, (b) a rise in small professional militaries that are unrepresentative of the larger society, and (c) ideological and normative change. I end with a brief discussion on how Morris Janowitz’s legacy helps to shape our understanding of civil–military events that have taken place over the last 50 years.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-06-19T12:25:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241261297
Access and Equity Among Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Research
Note
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Christos A. Makridis, Gil Alterovitz, Michael Darden; Gil Alterovitz, Michael Darden
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  It has long been recognized that at-risk groups tend to experience a greater proportion of burden during times of turbulence. Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic as a source of unprecedented crisis and change, this article uses data on employment, wages, and subjective well-being (SWB) to examine how U.S. veterans—an at-risk group for a variety of social ailments, including homelessness, disability, depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicide—fared over the pandemic between 2020 and 2021. While veterans were less likely to be employed, those who were employed have higher wages, conditional on being employed, and higher levels of SWB. Our results are qualitatively robust to controlling for a wide array of demographic factors, such as age and education, as well as industry and occupational differences. To better understand why veterans fared better than anticipated, we explore the moderating role of local Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs). We find that veterans who live closer to VAMCs exhibit higher levels of SWB with some evidence that the benefits of VAMC proximity are concentrated among more rural veterans, suggesting that VAMCs may have played an important role of supporting veteran communities during the pandemic.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-06-12T08:16:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241256311
The Military Academy as a Civilizing Institution: A Historical Sociology
of the Academization of Officer Education in Sweden
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Sebastian Larsson
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Throughout history, military officers’ standing in society has been maintained through the establishment and reforming of military academies. Gradually infusing officer education with academic standards and scholarly ideals has helped secure the corps’ status as a legitimate profession. Drawing on Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu, this article explores the “academization” of officer education in Sweden over 200 years. It finds that academization processes have been prominent in the military officer field, first, during 19th-century struggles to establish a state-organized educational system and war science discipline for the emerging profession, and second, during post-Cold War struggles to reinstate the military’s legitimacy and status by integrating officer education in the university sector. It argues that academic capital has been drawn on instrumentally in the officer field, as a means to endow the corps with a wider credibility and, more broadly, justify the existence of violent professions in peaceful societies.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-05-31T02:59:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241256127
Right or Wrong' The Civil–Military Problematique and Armed Forces &
Society’s 50th
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Peter D. Feaver
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The central concern of civil–military relations theory is how to have a military institution simultaneously strong enough to protect society and the state from enemies while also properly sized and obedient enough not to pose a threat itself to that society and state. When scholars wrestle with this question, they must engage the seminal contributions from Samuel Huntington and Morris Janowitz, as I did in “The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz, and the Question of Civilian Control.” In hindsight, it is clear that I was right enough in theory but perhaps not in practice. Thirty years of American civil–military relations shows the importance of norms and the strain on military professionalism imposed by the principal norm for democracies: that civilians have the right to be wrong. Future scholars must emphasize the shoring up of norms that build the trust that lubricates day-to-day civil–military interactions.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-05-30T10:16:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241255642
Theories of Democratic Civil–Military Relations and the Enduring Value
of the Citizen-Soldier Ideal
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Suzanne C. Nielsen, Hugh Liebert; Hugh Liebert
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  James Burk’s “Theories of Democratic Civil-Military Relations” stands out for the theoretical insights and bold vision that underpin his critique of Samuel Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and Morris Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier. Burk situates these authors within long-standing traditions of political thought to clarify the need for a new normative theory of civil–military relations for mature democracies. A new normative theory, Burk says, will build on the idea of the “citizen-soldier” to explain how good civil–military relations sustain liberal democratic values. More than 20 years after Burk’s article appeared, the theoretical work he called for remains to be done. However, Burk’s intuition that the citizen-soldier ideal offers the most promising foundation for understanding how civil–military relations sustain liberal democratic values is sound. The political education the citizen-soldier ideal requires contributes to both sustaining liberal democratic values at home and to protecting democracies from external threats.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-05-30T10:08:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241254030
A Problem in the Huntingtonian Universe: The Military Side of the Gap
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Dragan Stanar
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article investigates the military side of the civil–military value gap in societies with fully professionalized armed forces. The “Huntingtonian Universe” is a paradigm of civil–military relations in which isolation and alienation of armed forces are inevitable once the military becomes separated not just from politics but from the entire political realm by its full professionalization. It is argued that the emergence of a value gap, a sentiment of moral superiority, and contempt toward civilian society is less probable in societies which rely on mandatory military service, as conscription preserves the necessary link between the military and the political realm by keeping the military profession in constant contact with society via conscripts, that is, “temporary soldiers.” Article offers a potential solution for saving the “Huntingtonian Universe” and the concept of objective control of the military by asserting that the optimal way of solving the problem of civil–military value gap is reinstating conscription along with meaningful changes in military education.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-05-22T05:34:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241254354
Do Elections Cause Military Spending to Go Up or Down' New
International Evidence
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jeroen Klomp, Jakob de Haan; Jakob de Haan
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study explores whether the level of military expenditures is affected by the occurrence of elections. From a theoretical perspective, it is not immediately clear whether, and if so, in which direction, upcoming elections shift military expenditures. On the one hand, the incumbent may try to enhance the likelihood of being re-elected by supporting the domestic defense industry. On the other hand, it might be more attractive to cut defense spending and increase non-defense spending. It is also possible that both effects coexist. We therefore apply the finite mixture model (FMM), which is able to test competing hypotheses. Our results, based on a panel of 93 democratic countries between 1980 and 2018 and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) data on military spending, yield support for both hypotheses. Countries facing security risks or having a significant defense industry are most likely to expand their defense spending in an election year, while other countries are more likely to reduce their defense expenditure.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-05-02T10:57:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241247063
The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions: Then and Now
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Mady Wechsler Segal
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  In response to a request for this 50th anniversary issue of Armed Forces & Society, I was one of the 10 fortunate authors (and their co-authors) whose work was chosen for a commentary about their original article. Mine was “The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions.” In this new paper, I describe aspects of my career and the research opportunities that enabled me to develop my ideas. I include the importance of mentors and colleagues and I stress that my work built on that of others. I learned much from my students and I cherish their achievements and continuing contributions to advancing our knowledge in this field.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-27T09:29:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241247055
Turkish Military Sociology: Exploring the Evolution of an Early Starter
but Latecomer
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Barış Ateş
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores the reasons for the late development of Turkish military sociology. Although the relationship between the Turkish military and society has some unique characteristics, it has received little attention from sociologists. The existing literature primarily focuses on the narrow field of civil-military relations conducted by political scientists and includes minimal sociological research on the military. Based on historical analysis using primary and secondary sources and interviews, this shortcoming is due to the politicization of sociology and even equating it with communism, the denial of research permits due to bureaucratic secrecy, the sacred position of the military in the eyes of society, and the partial apathy of Turkish sociologists. The institutionalization of Turkish military sociology after the 2016 coup attempt is promising, but restrictions on research permits remain challenging for its future. Building a solid military sociology literature without critically assessing the existing research would also be problematic.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-26T05:23:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241246276
Why Do People Attack Military Statues' A National Survey in New
Zealand
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Nick Wilson, John Horrocks, George Thomson; John Horrocks, George Thomson
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Military statues are being attacked and removed in multiple countries, but there is little analytic work on the associated reasons. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a nationwide survey of outdoor military statues in a case study country (New Zealand) and identify reasons for attacks. Of the 118 statues identified, 11 (9%) of these had been physically attacked. A key risk factor for statue attack was it being linked to the colonial-era New Zealand Wars versus any other specific war (75% vs 8%, p = .003). This finding fitted with other evidence from attacks on statues of named New Zealanders (e.g. politicians) and on attacks of other types of monuments to these particular wars. It is also consistent with past and persisting injustices experienced by the Indigenous Māori population. In conclusion, some of the attacks on the military statues in this country appear to reflect social injustices and harm from colonialism.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-25T05:43:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241247811
Book Review: Army spouses: Military families during the global war on
terror
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Michelle A. Butler Samuels; USAF Academy, CO, USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-18T12:03:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241248360
The Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society 70 Years Later:
Alive and Kicking
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: David McCone, Wilbur Scott, Joseph Soeters; Wilbur Scott, Joseph Soeters
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article provides an account of the founding, growth, and success of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces & Society (IUS), a long-established professional organization for those studying the military and war. How IUS has thrived invites explanation. Two theoretical themes guide our effort: first, the life cycles of organizations literature, and two, a complementary focus on the professional-career life cycles of IUS’s participants. To put together our account, we review articles about IUS’s early days and present oral history interview material from past and present leaders and members. We conclude with suggestions concerning IUS’s future directions.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-16T12:24:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241244621
The Art of Military Innovation
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Eyal Ben-Ari; Security
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-09T11:39:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241244739
Book Review: Divided not conquered: How rebels fracture and splinters
behave
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Steve Medeiros; Storrs, CT, USA
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-04-08T12:37:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241245358
A Playstation Mentality to Killing' Adverse Psychological Consequences in
Drone Pilots and the Stigmatization thereof in the Military
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ayla Molenkamp, Maartje Weerdesteijn, Alette Smeulers; Maartje Weerdesteijn, Alette Smeulers
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Since the start of the 21st century, drones are increasingly used for military purposes. There have been concerns that the work of drone pilots resembles a video game and it has been argued that drone pilots are less likely to develop mental health problems than other service members. Such an assumption could increase stigmatization but empirical research is lacking. For this explorative study, 11 respondents were interviewed. They were purposefully sampled from the United States, the Netherlands, and Israel because of their insight into the working environment of drone pilots. These respondents included scholars, a therapist, and military personnel. They suggested that drone pilots do face mental health problems because of their work and that due to their distance to the battlefield, stigmatization of these problems is more likely. These findings, however, are nuanced by differences across countries and units.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T09:36:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241236221
Afghan Scholars’ Response to Perspectives on the Afghanistan War:
Arrogant Conquest; Disgraceful Withdrawal
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Nisar Ahmad Arghandwal, Mohammad Ehsan Omaid, Zmarai Fana; Mohammad Ehsan Omaid, Zmarai Fana
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  In response to the special issue on the Afghanistan War published by Armed Forces & Society, this article offers alternative perspectives regarding America’s longest war from the point of view of scholars who experienced the war firsthand and continue to live in its aftermath. We argue that Afghanistan was invaded by Western militaries who came to experience political failures and moral regrets. The soil could be conquered, but the Afghan nation has always strictly rejected foreign rulers and dictations. As our research critically evaluated the special issue articles published in the Armed Forces and Society Journal, we believe these articles fall short of reasonable analysis by only considering and analyzing the military strategies, war tactics, and failed stabilization efforts in Afghanistan. Civilian casualties owing to military operations by U.S.-led forces, not establishing an inclusive central government, strong resistance of the Taliban, ignoring the Afghan nation’s core ambitions, Pakistan’s double game policy, and high level of corruption led the U.S. to defeat. Nevertheless, we conclude that the U.S. approach to getting revenge for 9/11 victims and restoring their dignity through banzai attacks, blind bombardments, and night raids in civilians’ homes in Afghan cities and villages and taking innocent lives must be recognized, remembered, and condemned.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-26T06:42:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241227919
Editor’s Note: Afghan Scholars’ Response to Perspectives on the
Afghanistan War: Arrogant Conquest; Disgraceful Withdrawal
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Donald S. Travis, Patricia M. Shields; Patricia M. Shields
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-26T06:41:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241239906
Effects of State-Level Individual Mandate on Veterans’ Access to Health
Care in the United States
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Dongjin Oh, Keon-Hyung Lee; Keon-Hyung Lee
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Following the repeal of the federal individual health insurance mandate, five states and D.C. adopted their own state-level individual mandates to counteract the potential negative consequences of the repeal. This study examines the actual changes in veterans’ enrollments in private and Veterans Affairs (VA) insurance following the 2019 repeal. By analyzing data from 65,297 non-elderly veterans aged 18 to 64 in the U.S. between 2019 and 2021, we found that state-level individual mandates have positive effects on veterans’ enrollments in private and VA insurance, but the effects vary depending on individual income levels. The state-level individual mandate successfully serves as a substitute for the federal mandate. The results imply that veterans in states without individual mandate policies are more likely to worry about health insurance premiums and medical bills, limiting access to health care and potentially worsening health outcomes. Thus, the Veterans Health Administration should endeavor to encourage more state governments to adopt individual mandate policies.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-20T12:42:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241237295
How Mandatory Military Service Can Divide Rather Than Unite: Conscription,
Gender, and Military Trust in South Korea 2003–2021
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Joonbum Bae, YuJung Julia Lee; YuJung Julia Lee
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Can mandatory military service increase confidence in the state across the population when only men are required to serve' To answer this question, we leverage the case of South Korea to examine how male-only conscription influences trust toward a critical state institution, the military. Based on the foreign policy opinion literature on the gender gap, we hypothesize that women hold different views of the military and respond in distinct ways to conscription. Analysis of public opinion data from 2003 to 2021 shows that women generally exhibit less trust in the military than men. Male conscription also has diverging effects along gender lines for parents of sons who must serve, increasing distrust of the military for their mothers while not affecting fathers. The findings suggest that mandatory military service can (further) divide opinions of the military across society.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-15T11:34:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241234021
American Support of Public Programs for Veterans: Estimates From a
National Survey Including a Discrete Choice Experiment
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jessie Coe, Daniel Schwam, Rajeev Ramchand, Carrie Farmer; Daniel Schwam, Rajeev Ramchand, Carrie Farmer
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Do Americans see veterans as particularly deserving or simply as other members of their community' From a nationally representative survey fielded between June and September 2021 with over 2,000 respondents, we find that Americans state high levels of support for veterans and are willing to pay additional tax dollars to provide assistance programs. We find that most Americans support free health care, free college, and affordable housing for all Americans, and the support is notably stronger for programs for veterans. From a discrete choice experiment, we find that Americans are willing to pay hundreds of dollars in additional taxes to provide assistance programs to either veterans or to all community members, and Americans are willing to pay significantly more for certain programs for veterans. In addition, we look at differences in willingness to pay based on military and political affiliation and find significant differences in willingness to pay by political affiliation.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-14T07:08:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241235313
Sentiment Analysis of Russian-Language Social Media Posts Discussing the
2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Matthew C. Dean, Ben Porter; Ben Porter
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The current study sought to identify the sentiment of Russian-language social media posts about the war in Ukraine and to contrast sentiment between two popular social media platforms in Russia: VK and Telegram. Overall, 1,393,245 posts were gathered from social media platforms from February 2022 to September 2022 using keywords associated with the conflict. Using the sentiment analysis program Valence Aware Dictionary for sEntiment Reasoning (VADER), we completed an analysis of 15,000 randomly selected, translated Russian-language posts related to the war. Overall, findings show that sentiment was initially positive in the early stages of the invasion before becoming more neutral by the end of the study period. On VK, sentiment followed a similar positive-to-negative trend over the study period. Alternatively, on Telegram, sentiment was neutral throughout the study period. Findings show an initial difference in sentiment toward the war that existed among Russian-language speakers on the two sites before lessening over time.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-14T07:03:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241235987
Declining Mental Health Without Diminished Military Service Motivation in
Norwegian Adolescents From 2009 to 2022: A Research Note
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Morten Nordmo, Lasse Bang, Anders Øvergaard, Ole Christian Lang-Ree; Lasse Bang, Anders Øvergaard, Ole Christian Lang-Ree
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  There is a growing concern that the mental health of adolescents is worsening and that this deterioration may influence adolescents’ willingness and ability to complete military service. The purpose of this study is to investigate yearly relationships between self-reported mental health indicators and motivation for military service. To accomplish this, nationwide yearly percentile records from repeated cross-sectional records of Norwegian cohorts (N = 891,600) collected from 2009 to 2022 were evaluated. The results show that the number of adolescents with self-reported mental health diagnoses increased every year for both males and females. Well-being and coping decreased over time for females (but not males), although absolute levels were high throughout the study period. Despite evidence of worsening mental health and well-being, self-described motivation and aptitude for military service were largely stable over time for both genders. The negative trends in mental health are not associated with functional consequences for adolescents’ motivation and aptitude to complete military service.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-13T06:41:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241236890
Differences in Cultural Dimensions Between South Korean Officers and
Conscripts: A Topic Modeling Approach
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Insoo Kim, Wonkwang Jo; Wonkwang Jo
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Excessive restrictions on individual rights, such as a ban on smartphone use and strict hair regulations, are a major concern among conscripts in South Korea. However, officers often adopt a lukewarm attitude toward their grievances. This study examines whether officers and conscripts have different standards of what is acceptable in the military. Theoretically and empirically, there are systemic differences in how officers and conscripts perform daily tasks; however, we do not have a detailed and systematic account of these differences. Therefore, we collected 23,987 responses to an open question regarding the disappointing aspects of military life and conducted a deductive descriptive study. A topic modeling analysis was used to identify 40 topics and categorize them into three clusters: respect for people, innovation, and sense of duty. The data analysis revealed that officers, non-commissioned officers (NCOs), and conscripts had different priorities regarding what the military must do. Officers and NCOs prioritized innovation over respect for people, but the opposite was true for conscripts. These findings have theoretical and methodological implications for exploring military subcultures.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-09T06:35:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241233564
Trump(ing) Tradition: Old Laws, New Norms, and the Danger to
Civil–Military Relations
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ryan Burke, Jahara Matisek; Jahara Matisek
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Before, during, and after his presidency, Donald J. Trump’s behavior and statements provoked segments of the U.S. military and civil society, with some decisions criticized and declared illegal by critics. Some current and former U.S. military personnel openly criticized and displayed contempt toward the president, thereby violating Article 88 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Prior to the 2021 conviction of a Marine Corps officer, the last Article 88 conviction occurred in 1966 when an off-duty Army Lieutenant held a sign criticizing President Johnson at an anti-Vietnam War protest. Despite Trump engaging in norm-eroding behaviors that politicized the Armed Forces, these actions were well within his legal rights. However, open criticism against President Trump by many retired flag officers was illegal per UCMJ laws, yet not enforced. The paradox of a UCMJ law becoming dead letter law indicates a major disjuncture between normative civil–military relations and the laws regulating the behavior of active and retired U.S. military officers. We conclude that UCMJ laws must be enforced, rewritten, or abolished because non-enforcement degrades civil–military relations and military professionalism.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-03-08T09:43:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241234253
We (All) Want You' Perceived Military Leadership Potential and Actual
Leadership Role Occupancy in Working Life: A Longitudinal Study of a
Swedish Cohort
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Therese Reitan, Sten-Åke Stenberg; Sten-Åke Stenberg
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  One of the main tasks of the armed forces is to recruit and select future soldiers and to identify potential officers. However, these procedures may have a wider societal impact beyond the borders of the military organization itself. This study aims to examine how compatible assessments of military leadership potential are with those in the labor market. Using longitudinal data concerning a large cohort of Swedish males who underwent mustering during the early 1970s, we analyzed the association between officer suitability assessments and managerial role occupancy at age 50 to 55, while controlling for socio-demographic factors in childhood and adulthood. We found a high level of predictability, whereby those who were ranked highest were four times more likely to hold managerial positions than those with the lowest ranking. Results are discussed in relation to perceptions about leadership skills and possible institutional isomorphism between the armed forces and other societal organizations.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-02-21T12:23:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X241228845
Exploring the Normative Structure of Finnish Soldiers’ Home Association:
Understanding an Auxiliary Organization Through Volunteer Values
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jukka I. Mattila, Sanna K. Malinen; Sanna K. Malinen
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article focuses on creating understanding of Finnish Soldiers’ Home Association (SODE) as an auxiliary organization. Drawing on the concept of organizations as normative structures, we explore how individual volunteer values contribute to shaping the functioning and actions within SODE. We took a novel approach that involved examining the values of SODE volunteers to understand the nature of the organization. We adopted an interpretivist lens and used an abductive logic of enquiry, drawing from existing research and new survey data from SODE volunteers. We show that SODE volunteers exhibit high pro-defense attitudes, patriotism, and security values. By understanding these values, we gain insights into the normative structure that guides the goals, means, and roles within SODE. This research contributes to literature on voluntary organizations in the field of military studies and highlights the significance of individual values in shaping and maintaining the unique nature of SODE as an auxiliary organization.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-02-12T11:05:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231224736
Professionalized Heroism' Comparing US, UK, and Norwegian War Decorations
From the War in Afghanistan
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Torunn Laugen Haaland
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article compares the awarding of the three highest war decorations in Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States for actions undertaken in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2018 to examine contemporary expressions of military heroism. The comparison shows Norway tends to award leadership, and gaining respect from prestigious allies, whereas the United States and the United Kingdom tend to award individual acts of courage, involving great risk to one’s own life. In the case of the United States, these acts were predominantly aimed toward rescuing fellow soldiers, whereas the U.K. cases were aimed toward defeating an enemy. The Norwegian war decoration regime, in which the highest decorations are detached from the traditional military value of sacrifice, illustrates that while professional forces may act heroically, heroism, contrary to war decoration regimes, cannot be professionalized.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-02-09T12:21:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231225449
The Impact of Military Policing on Armed Forces: The Case of Italy
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Matteo Mazziotti di Celso
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  In recent years, governments have progressively expanded the military’s role in internal security, often utilizing military policing to enhance their consensus. However, extending the armed forces’ participation in internal security gives rise to problems within the military. This article introduces a framework to analyze these problems and applies it to the explorative case study of “Strade Sicure,” an internal security operation of the Italian Army. The framework is used to develop the working hypothesis that Italian soldiers deployed in the operation are transformed into subordinates of the police: They are relegated to routine constabulary duties and work under the strict supervision of police officers. The article tests the hypothesis with qualitative data, including interviews with retired military personnel. The research contributes to the debate on military role expansion by offering a framework to study its effects on the military. Moreover, the article provides empirical evidence that holds practical policy implications.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-02-09T10:50:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231225771
Reserve Soldiers as Transmigrants—Two Decades On: A Research Note
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Eyal Ben Ari, Edna Lomsky-Feder, Nir Gazit; Edna Lomsky-Feder, Nir Gazit
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  The choice of our article—Reserve Soldiers as Transmigrants—for the 50th anniversary of Armed Forces & Society special issue indicates heightened interest in reserve forces and recognition of their organizational and social uniqueness. At base of our previous publications was an implicit assumption that reservists belong to diverse and representative social and cultural groups. In other words, we did not explicitly address the issues of the social distribution of reservists. In this short piece, we turn that assumption into a variable so that the key questions that arise for further research are “Who serves in the reserves'” and “What are the implications of the social distribution of reservists'” While these questions have been addressed in regard to conscripts and regulars, there is a dearth of relevant studies on reserves. We suggest that this line of analysis further illuminates the complexity of contracts and dynamics between reservists, the military, and the state.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-01-27T12:49:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231223541
Commentary on the Standard Model of Military Group Cohesion
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Guy L. Siebold
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  In response to King’s article on cohesion, this author submitted a critique, “The Essence of Military Group Cohesion” (2007), based on 20 years of research. The critique noted that King had set up several strawmen and presented a narrow focus. Furthermore, the critique introduced the Standard Model of Military Group Cohesion as a more widely useful approach. The Model was further articulated in “Key Questions and Challenges to the Standard Model of Military Group Cohesion” (2011) and “The Misconceived Construct of Task Cohesion” (2015). This current article describes major conceptual and measurement efforts leading up to the development of the Model, critiques and expansions of the Model, and needed future research to refine the Model as well as combine cohesion with other key variables such as motivation, combatant capacity, and leadership to more fully explain variation in key military outcome variables such as unit performance and retention.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-01-27T12:48:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231225433
Cohesion, Combat Performance and Civil-Military Relations: Contextualizing
“The Word of Command”
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Anthony King
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  In 2006, Armed Forces & Society published my article on small unit cohesion, “The Word of Command.” It has been the focus of considerable discussion since that time. This essay describes the origins and the purpose of that 2006 article, as an attempt to contribute to an emergent “practical” paradigm in the study of cohesion. Instead of focusing on interpersonal cohesion, my original article prioritized skill—task cohesion. This commentary argues that although the political implications of small unit cohesion was subordinate in 2006, that initial article—and my wider work on cohesion—speaks directly to a key theme in the journal: civil-military relations.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-01-23T11:21:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231181611
Workplace Stress in Military Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil:
A Research Note
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Claudia Millani Gomes, Alessandra Soares Ayres Fraga, Romulo de Oliveira Fraga, Stephany Nass, Carina Rodrigues Boeck, Natielen Jacques Schuch; Alessandra Soares Ayres Fraga, Romulo de Oliveira Fraga, Stephany Nass, Carina Rodrigues Boeck, Natielen Jacques Schuch
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study evaluated the prevalence of burnout syndrome symptoms and related factors in Brazilian military women during COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms are a combination of physical tiredness, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive depletion, which are related to the job activity and result in mental disconnection with work and reduced professional achievement. It is a cross-sectional study on the frequency of burnout syndrome in military women in which individual questionnaires were delivered via e-mail and returned by the same form. The results revealed that 44.5% of the 164 military women were affected by burnout syndrome. The organizational environment, work overload, control over tasks, and some individual conditions can be highlighted among the factors for developing symptoms. The occurrence of stress symptoms among Brazilian military women was probably due to the constant exposure to stress in their job. The implications of women’s military service on their performance to work during the pandemic are discussed.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-01-17T07:21:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231221759
What Do Successful Military-to-Civilian Transitions Look Like' A Revised
Framework and a New Conceptual Model for Assessing Veteran Well-Being
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Jennifer K. Karre, Daniel F. Perkins, Nicole R. Morgan, Katie E. Davenport, Keith R. Aronson, Rosalinda Vasquez Maury, Deborah Bradbard, Nicholas J. Armstrong, Anne Wright, Randy Sargent, Megan Andros; Daniel F. Perkins, Nicole R. Morgan, Katie E. Davenport, Keith R. Aronson, Rosalinda Vasquez Maury, Deborah Bradbard, Nicholas J. Armstrong, Anne Wright, Randy Sargent, Megan Andros
  Abstract: Armed Forces & Society, Ahead of Print.
  Developmental theory indicates that success during a major life change requires attention to multiple life domains (e.g., physical health, mental health, employment, financial, and social). This study presents a revised conceptual framework and offers a new empirical model to assess the well-being of post-9/11 veterans as they transition to civilian life. Data from a large sample of post-9/11 veterans surveyed over 2.5 years revealed that post-9/11 veteran transitions were mixed: veterans improved over time in some domains (e.g., employment), stagnated in some (e.g., social), and struggled more over time in others (e.g., physical health). Even in domains with improvement, a large percent of veterans still struggled (e.g., 34% struggled with mental health at Wave 6). Moreover, certain groups tended to struggle more (e.g., enlisted, women, people of color). The conceptual framework and empirical model are intended to stimulate discussion on how best to understand, evaluate, and support veterans’ military-to-civilian transition.
  Citation: Armed Forces & Society
  PubDate: 2024-01-09T11:25:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0095327X231216678

HOME > Browse the 73 Subjects covered by JournalTOCs
Subject	Total Journals