 Subjects -> LABOR UNIONS (Total: 27 journals)
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- Book Review: The Opportunity Trap: High-Skilled Workers, Indian Families,
and the Failures of the Dependent Visa Program by Banerjee, P.-
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Authors: Debaleena Ghosh
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-05-15T05:51:41Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231176079
- Book Review: Strategizing Against Sweatshops: The Global Economy, Student
Activism, and Worker Empowerment by M. S. Williams-
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Authors: Jonathan S. Coley
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-05-11T05:31:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231176081
- The New Labor Activism, a New Labor Sociology
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Authors: Daniel B. Cornfield
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
This symposium issue of Work and Occupations on “The New Labor Activism” develops a new generation of labor sociology research for comprehending and sustaining the contemporary labor mobilization in the U.S., the largest labor mobilization since the 1930s. The symposium responds to the question raised in the June, 2022 report of the Worker Empowerment Research Network about the sustainability of the new labor activism. The symposium essays focus on the themes of “history,” “intersectionality,” “worker agency,” and “hierarchy” and continue the post-World War II transition of the field from a union-centered toward a worker-centered labor sociology.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-04-21T06:24:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231168042
- An Overview of US Workers’ Current Organizing Efforts and Collective
Actions-
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Authors: Thomas A. Kochan, Janice R. Fine, Kate Bronfenbrenner, Suresh Naidu, Jacob Barnes, Yaminette Diaz-Linhart, John Kallas, Jeonghun Kim, Arrow Minster, Di Tong, Phela Townsend, Danielle Twiss
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
American workers are currently engaged in an upsurge in collective actions aimed at achieving a stronger voice and representation at work; this desire for increased voice at work is also evident in survey data. However, union organizing drives in the United States typically meet with strong employer resistance, and such resistance reduces the likelihood that the organizing effort will be successful. In addition to unions, a broad array of other efforts has been initiated to strengthen worker voice and representation. The authors discuss these efforts, including worker centers, and observe that there is no “one size fits all” approach to contemporary worker organizing.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-04-13T05:46:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231168793
- A Critical Industrial Relations Approach to Understanding Contemporary
Worker Uprising-
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Authors: Tamara L. Lee, Maite Tapia
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Consistent with our calls for critical approaches to traditional Industrial Relations questions, we argue that it is important to consider whether the “major upsurge in union organizing” is more accurately framed as a continuation of long-running democracy fights against systemic inequity and injustice. Thus, we bring focus to “whole worker” organizing, as well as the structural limitations of our labor laws and institutions, to illuminate counter-narratives to the way we tell stories about contemporary worker organizing.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-04-03T08:01:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162942
- She Still Works Hard for the Money: Composers, Precarious Work, and the
Gender Pay Gap-
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Authors: Timothy J. Dowd,
Ju Hyun Park
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Music composers exemplify precarious work: they historically have been freelancers and have relied on multiple jobs to subsidize their creative work. We focus here on the gender pay gap amidst such precariousness—heeding their income earned solely from composition and from the totality of jobs recently held. There is no gender pay gap when it comes to income earned from composition but there is a significant gap for income earned from all jobs, showing that women composers face relative disadvantage in subsidizing their creative work. We also find that men and women composers experience different and racialized returns to their capitals and career positioning when navigating precarious work. These findings have lessons for multiple literatures—including those on the new sociology of work and on creative careers.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-04-03T07:14:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231165079
- Remote Work: New Fields and Challenges for Labor Activism
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Authors: Lena Hipp, Martin Krzywdzinski
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered how and when we work. Suddenly, organizations had to grant the possibility of working from home to all employees whose presence on-site was not necessary, independent of rank and job. In light of this experience, a return to permanent presence in the office for all has become unlikely. As remote work has both positive and negative implications for employees, their organizations, and workplace institutions, this contribution seeks to answer the following questions: First, what are the challenges for workplace equity and employee well-being that arise from the increased use of remote work' Second, what can be done to ensure that remote work actually benefits employees' Third, what are the implications of the increased use of remote work for the labor movement'
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-29T07:45:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231163135
- Resurfacing Dignity as a Tool for the Unionization of African American
Lower-Tier Workers-
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Authors: Alford A. Young
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Selected lower-tier occupational sectors were defined as essential during the early phase of the Covid crisis. Accordingly, that period provided an opportunity to explore whether certain African American lower-tier workers might have acquired a greater sense of dignity and value for their work. By drawing from the author's earlier research on low-income African Americans and a recent study of such workers, this essay explores how considerations of value and dignity in the workplace during early Covid inform about the prospects for organizing such lower-tier workers for union participation.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-29T07:28:45Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231167082
- Toward a Field of Labor Activism
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Authors: Jeffrey J. Sallaz, Sara Gia Trongone
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
A recent upsurge in organizing by workers in the United States presents an opportunity to reconsider the state and fate of the US labor movement. We argue that the conceptual apparatus of strategic action fields offers a tool to contextualize this development. In particular, it shines light upon categorization struggles, delegation of labor within the field, relationships among labor organizations, and strategies to change the rules of the field-game. Interpreting the trends reported by the Worker Empowerment Research Network through the lens of field theory cannot predict the future but can make sense of present obstacles and opportunities.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-22T08:06:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231165077
- Who is Replaced by Robots' Robotization and the Risk of Unemployment for
Different Types of Workers-
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Authors: Andreas Damelang, Michael Otto
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
We study the effects of robotization on unemployment risk for different types of workers. We examine the extent to which robotization increases inequality at the skill level and at the occupational level using two theoretical frameworks: skill-biased technological change and task-biased technological change. Empirically, we combine worker-level data with information on actual investments in industrial robots. Zooming in on the German manufacturing industry, our multivariate results show that robotization affects different types of workers differently. We do not observe an increase in unemployment risk for low- and medium-skilled, but we find a considerably lower unemployment risk among high-skilled workers. Moreover, the unemployment risk is significantly higher in occupations with highly substitutable tasks, but only in industries that invest largely in robots.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-15T08:08:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162953
- What Can Unions Do' An Impact Estimate for an Increase in the US
Private-Sector Unionization Rate on Workers’ Earnings-
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Authors: Tali Kristal
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Unions are known to increase earnings and wage equality. Therefore, indications for recent union revitalization provoke the question of what unions would do today were they to restore their union density and hence power to the level of the early 1980s (about 20%). This article presents wage estimates for 1983 to 2020, assuming a 20% union density from 1983 onward, revealing higher earnings and lower wage inequality. However, since union membership today typifies low-wage workers with weaker bargaining power than formerly, the benefits from restoring union density and power will likely be lower today than in the past.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-14T10:30:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162933
- Women in the New Labor Activism: Gender Trends in Attitudes Toward Unions
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Authors: Margarita Torre
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
The gender gap in union membership rates has narrowed considerably in the last decades. How is this change related to women's attitudes toward unions' What is the profile of women who support union activism' Are there reasons to believe that women's support will continue to increase over time' Using data from the General Social Survey, I examine women's attitudes toward trade unions between 2002 and 2021. Data shows that support for unions is higher among non-white, less-educated, and younger women, as well as among women employed in female-dominated occupations. I conclude by discussing the implications of the findings for current and future labor activism.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-13T08:05:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162950
- Turning Points in U.S. Labor History, Political Culture, and the Current
Upsurge in Labor Militancy-
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Authors: Larry W. Isaac
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
I consider the current labor upsurge in context of prior pro-labor transformative turning points in U.S. labor history, all of which involved major changes in political culture. My assessment of key conditions in the current moment centers on three important conditions for changing political culture: (a) anti-racist civil rights-based social movement unionism; (b) changing discourse about the role of unions in political economy; (c) the weak position of labor law. Taken in combination, labor in the current conjuncture faces a steep, but not impossible, uphill climb.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-13T08:05:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162944
- Race, Repression and the Future of New Labor Activism
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Authors: Adia Harvey Wingfield
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Labor activism is on the rise in the U.S., and workers and organizers are taking new and intriguing steps to have more voice, involvement, and power in their workplaces. This begs the question of whether this new surge in labor activism will have long-term consequences or amount to a “flash in the pan.” In this paper, I argue that the success of current labor activism will hinge on two factors: whether organizers successfully confront longstanding racial disparities in workplaces and occupations, and the ability to preempt and survive the resulting state repression and organizational backlash.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-10T06:02:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162962
- Book Review: Managing Medical Authority by Daniel Menchik
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Authors: Kelly Underman
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-10T06:02:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162931
- Workers and Work in the Arts: Definitional Challenges and Approaches to
Collective Action Among Arts and Creative Workers-
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Authors: Rachel Skaggs, Tania Aparicio
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
In response to an era of transformation that deeply impacts workers and increased attention to worker collective action in the United States, this article documents some definitional and boundary challenges that constrain and facilitate unionization, collective action, and mutualism in arts and creative work. Arts workers are present across all strata of the labor market. Categories, such as art, commerce, craft, and entertainment, have often divided arts workers, blurring the boundaries around what work is and who counts as a worker. Despite these challenges, arts and culture workers present a compelling case for the promise and progress of collective action in an unwieldy occupational space.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-09T06:33:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162957
- Unionizing High Tech: Opportunities and Obstacles
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Authors: Patrick Sheehan, Christine L. Williams
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
The WERN report documents the rise of worker-led collective action in the tech industry. We distinguish two types of activism emerging from tech professionals—demands for greater corporate social responsibility and demands for improved employment rights—and consider the opportunities each affords the larger labor movement. In the second section, we consider how the venture-capital funding model that structures the tech industry presents unique challenges to traditional union-organizing campaigns.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-08T07:32:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162960
- Stop Discounting Retail Workers
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Authors: Kyla Walters, Joya Misra
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Retail workers are strong in numbers, but union density is weak. Transformation of the retail sector is possible. Returning stability to these jobs would change the lives of millions of workers and their families. The retail labor process provides multiple points for resistance and mobilization to occur. Leveraging relationships between workers and with consumers are crucial tactics to help curb employers’ power.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-08T07:31:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162945
- Occupational Activism and the New Labor Activism: Illustrations from the
Education Sector and an Agenda for Future Research-
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Authors: Jonathan S. Coley, Jessica L. Schachle
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
The United States is currently witnessing a surge in labor activism that will likely embolden many workers to engage in occupational activism and thus enact their jobs in socially transformative ways. We illustrate this argument through a case study of K-12 educators who participated in a teachers’ walkout and subsequently became engaged in efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in their schools. We then outline an agenda for future research on occupational activism.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-08T07:31:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162935
- Labor Unbound' Assessing the Current Surge in Labor Activism
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Authors: Steven Peter Vallas, Hannah Johnston
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Where will the current surge of labor activism lead' To address this question we examine two distinctive currents of labor struggle—one rooted in “new economy” firms and a second in the nation's logistics sector—where post-pandemic conditions have confronted workers with important opportunities and challenges. If the workers’ movement is to make enduring gains, it will need to foster organizational alliances that stretch across distinct sectors of the economy, build support among consumers and the broader public, and challenge culture war rhetoric through appeal to workers’ shared needs.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-03-08T07:30:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162929
- Book Review: Everyday Dirty Work: Invisibility, Communication, and
Immigrant Labor by Alvarez, W.-
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Authors: Anna Milena Galazka
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-01-13T06:32:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884231151627
- The Gender Wage Gap, Between-Firm Inequality, and Devaluation: Testing a
New Hypothesis in the Service Sector-
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Authors: Carmen Brick, Daniel Schneider, Kristen Harknett
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Unequal sorting of men and women into higher and lower-wage firms contributes significantly to the gender wage gap according to recent analysis of national labor markets. We confirm the importance of this between-firm gender segregation in wages and examine a second outcome of hours using unique employer–employee data from the service sector. We then examine what explains the relationship between firm gender composition and wages. In contrast to prevailing economic explanations that trace between-firm differences in wages to differences in firm surplus, we find evidence consistent with devaluation and potentially a gender-specific use of “low road” employment strategies.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2023-01-03T11:08:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221141072
- Book Review: Career & Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey
Toward Equity by Goldin, C.-
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Authors: Amy S. Wharton
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2022-12-16T07:18:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221146324
- Intersections and Commonalities: Using Matching to Decompose Wage Gaps by
Gender and Nativity in Germany-
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Authors: Maximilian Sprengholz, Maik Hamjediers
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
We investigate intersecting wage gaps by gender and nativity by comparing the wages between immigrant women, immigrant men, native women, and native men based on Western German survey data. Adding to the analytical diversity of the field, we do a full comparison of group wages to emphasize the relationality of privilege and disadvantage, and we use a nonparametric matching decomposition that is well suited to address unique group-specific experiences. We find that wage (dis)advantages associated with the dimensions of gender and nativity are nonadditive and result in distinct decomposition patterns for each pairwise comparison. After accounting for substantial group differences in work attachment, individual resources, and occupational segregation, unexplained wage gaps are generally small for comparisons between immigrant women, immigrant men, and native women, but large when either group is compared to native men. This finding suggests that the often presumed “double disadvantage” of immigrant women is rather a “double advantage” of native men.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2022-12-14T08:06:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221141100
- Book Review: Labor in the Age of Finance: Pensions, Politics, and
Corporations from Deindustrialization to Dodd-Frank by Sanford M. Jacoby-
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Authors: Nancy DiTomaso
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2022-12-12T10:28:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221120079
- From Movements to Managers: Crossing Organizational Boundaries in the
Field of Sustainability-
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Authors: Grace Augustine, Brayden G King
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
This study investigates a route to occupational activism whereby individuals with significant experience in a social movement enter organizational positions that have been established to address those same movement's concerns. Utilizing data on the career pathways of 800 individuals from the field of sustainability in higher education, we formulate and test hypotheses related to whether or not individuals with more experience in the environmental movement gain access to sustainability manager positions, and whether or not entry patterns change as the roles become more institutionalized. These questions matter because although movements pressure organizations to address issues such as equality, diversity, and sustainability, it is individuals inside organizations who are best positioned to institutionalize movement-aligned practices and policies. And if those individuals have movement backgrounds, they can be carriers of movement praxis and ideals. Through our analyses, we find that although individuals with more experience in the environmental movement have a higher likelihood of entering sustainability manager positions overall, their advantage diminishes as the positions become institutionalized as formalized organizational roles. Our findings contribute to scholarship on occupational activism and in particular to outstanding questions regarding the role of occupations and occupational members in furthering social movement ideals and initiatives inside organizations.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2022-12-07T06:35:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221142215
- Serving Like an Organization: How Foodservice and Retail Workers Interpret
Their Interactions With Customers-
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Authors: Adam Storer
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
How do customers affect the job quality of frontline workers' This paper draws on over 15,000 observations from two datasets of 10 foodservice and retail companies, conducting qualitative, quantitative, and computational text analysis in order to address this question. Findings suggest that frontline workers evaluate customer interactions in three ways: As an inescapable occupational hazard or benefit, as a source of intrinsic satisfaction, or as the result of organizational strategies. Additionally, frontline workers’ job satisfaction and turnover intentions are more highly associated with agreement or disagreement with organizational strategies regarding customers than other common ways of theorizing customer interactions.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2022-11-15T08:39:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221134582
- The Demographic Context of Hiring Discrimination: Evidence from a Field
Experiment in 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas-
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Authors: Quan D. Mai
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
How do the demographic contexts of urban labor markets correlate with the extent to which racial and ethnic minorities are disadvantaged at the hiring stage' This paper builds on two branches of labor market stratification literature to link demographic contexts of labor markets to race- and ethnicity-based hiring discrimination that manifest within them. Relying on a unique large-scale field experiment that involved submitting nearly 12,000 fictitious resumes to real job postings across 50 major urban areas, I found that Black population size is associated with greater discrimination against Black candidates, providing support for the “visibility-discrimination” thesis. I also show that this thesis cannot be extended straightforwardly to comparisons between Whites and other ethnic minority groups: I found no evidence of an association between Latino and Asian concentration and the labor market outcomes of those groups relative to Whites. The paper concludes with theoretical implications for studies of race and stratification, labor markets, and urban inequalities.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2022-10-26T07:03:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884221134470
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
