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Field Methods
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.568
Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 15  
 
  Hybrid Journal Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1525-822X - ISSN (Online) 1552-3969
Published by Sage Publications Homepage  [1176 journals]
  • Case-to-factor Ratios and Model Specification in Qualitative Comparative
           Analysis

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      Authors: Alrik Thiem, Lusine Mkrtchyan
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is an empirical research method that has gained some popularity in the social sciences. At the same time, the literature has long been convinced that QCA is prone to committing causal fallacies when confronted with non-causal data. More specifically, beyond a certain case-to-factor ratio, the method is believed to fail in recognizing real data. To reduce that risk, some authors have proposed benchmark tables that put a limit on the number of exogenous factors given a certain number of cases. Many applied researchers looking for methodological guidance have since adhered to these tables. We argue that fears of inferential breakdown in QCA due to an “unfavorable” case-to-factor ratio are without foundation. What is more, we demonstrate that these benchmarks induce more fallacious inferences than they prevent. For valid causal inference, researchers are better off relying on the current state of knowledge in their respective fields.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-03-20T05:12:50Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231159458
       
  • Pre-incentive Efficacy in Survey Response Rates in a Large Prospective
           Military Cohort

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      Authors: Teresa M. Powell, Toni Rose Geronimo-Hara, Laura E. Tobin, Carrie J. Donoho, Beverly D. Sheppard, Jennifer L. Walstrom, Rudolph P. Rull, Dennis J. Faix
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Declining survey response rates concern researchers aiming to ensure study validity. This article tested the effectiveness of multiple pre-incentives on increasing survey response to the Millennium Cohort Study. Participants consisted of U.S. military service members and veterans, and were randomly assigned to receive a $2 bill, $5 gift card, magnet, Apple iPad® lottery entry, or no pre-incentive. Participants who received the gift card or cash pre-incentive had the highest response rates and were significantly more likely to respond to the survey than those who did not receive a pre-incentive. There was no significant difference in survey response among the magnet or lottery entry groups compared to the no pre-incentive group. This study found that giving participants a monetary pre-incentive was an effective way to increase response rates, and thereby participant retention, in a hard-to-reach, highly mobile population, and re-engage participants who did not respond to a previous follow-up survey.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-03-18T06:06:49Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231163668
       
  • Fewer Procedures, More Reflection: A Rejoinder to Duşa and Marx

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      Authors: Alrik Thiem, Lusine Mkrtchyan
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.

      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-03-17T10:19:33Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231159461
       
  • Duo-ethnographic Methods: A Feminist Take on Collaborative Research

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      Authors: Jessica Hardin, Abril Saldaña-Tejeda, Alyshia Gálvez, Emily Yates-Doerr, Hanna Garth, Maggie Dickinson, Megan Carney, Natali Valdez
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Duo-ethnography is a collaborative methodology in which participants juxtapose their experiences around a topic to parse multiple perspectives. It explicitly positions ethnographers as sources of information, not data collectors. This method has been used to explore racial identities, class dynamics, decolonizing pedagogies, and gender in academic life. Building on previous work, we consider our contribution to be articulating duo-ethnography as an explicitly feminist methodology that allows for mutual exploration of difference as well as reciprocal care and support. As part of a larger collaboration, we used duo-ethnography to create explicit dialog spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic to talk about differences in our experiences related to sexuality, race, class, tenure position, and seniority. Duo-ethnography is one method we used to challenge junior/senior relations and transform how we related to one another.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-03-17T05:38:10Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231158894
       
  • Comment to: “Case-to-Factor Ratios and Model Specification in
           Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)”

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      Authors: Adrian Dușa, Axel Marx
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      The article by Thiem and Mkrtchyan appears in a context of rising interest about the number of cases needed to perform a QCA analysis. They question the benchmark tables proposed by Marx and Dușa (2011) and conclude the ratios from those tables are “misplaced.” We believe this conclusion deviates from the scientific method and focus on two essential aspects: (1) their approach to the case to factor ratios and (2) omitted variable bias. We conclude our tables hold until a better alternative is proposed and encourage QCA researchers to continue using them.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-03-17T05:34:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231159462
       
  • Applying Articulated Thought in Simulated Situations Methodology to
           Research Emotion Work in the Courtroom

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      Authors: Alice Kirsten Bosma
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Emotions are omnipresent in any court of law. In this short take, I suggest applying the Articulated Thought in Simulated Situations (ATSS) paradigm as a useful addition to supplement methodologies like interviewing and observations. ATSS, which originated in social sciences to study cognitive–behavioral topics, can be easily adapted for use in legal settings because of the flexibility of the vignettes used. Based on my own experience in criminal justice, I formulate recommendations for using ATSS: to avoid participant distraction, to pretest each study and to give clear instructions to participants, and to embed research in the workflow of the legal professional. All three recommendations tap into the same strength: coming as close as possible to actual emotion work of the professional.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-02-22T11:45:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231158892
       
  • Verbalization of Rating Scales Taking Account of Their Polarity

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      Authors: Natalja Menold
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      While numerical bipolar rating scales may evoke positivity bias, little is known about the corresponding bias in verbal bipolar rating scales. The choice of verbalization of the middle category may lead to response bias, particularly if it is not in line with the scale polarity. Unipolar and bipolar seven-category rating scales in which the verbalizations of the middle categories matched or did not match the implemented polarity were investigated in randomized experiments using a non-probabilistic online access panel in Germany. Bipolar rating scales exhibited higher positivity bias and acquiescence than unipolar rating scales. Reliability, validity, and equidistance tended to be violated if the verbalizations of the middle category did not match scale polarity. The results provide a rationale for rating scale verbalization.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2023-01-16T05:05:16Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X231151314
       
  • Accuracy of a Photo-based Smartphone Application to Assess Salivary
           Cortisol Sampling Time in Adolescents

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      Authors: Cheng K. Fred Wen, Stefan Schneider, Marc J. Weigensberg, Bas Weerman, Donna Spruijt-Metz
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Accurate assessment of saliva sampling time is essential for studies that collect cortisol sample in ambulatory settings. This study examined the sampling time assessed by user-submitted photos via a mobile application (ZEMI) compared with MEMSCaps™. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of the time differences between when the 16 adolescents in the study were prompted to collect the sample and (1) when the MEMSCaps™ was opened (TimeM), and (2) when photos of the corresponding sample were submitted (TimeZ) was computed to evaluate the agreement of sampling times. The average TimeM and TimeZ 12.06 ± 65.80 and 16.13 ± 52.07 minutes, respectively. The pooled ICC between TimeM and TimeZ was 0.986 (95% CI: 0.959–0.995), suggesting excellent correspondence between the two measurements.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-11-29T05:39:10Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221141226
       
  • Daily and Momentary Variability in Sleep, Stress, and Well-being Data in
           Two Samples of Health Care Workers

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      Authors: Soomi Lee, Christina X. Mu, Rhitik Joshi, Arooj Khan
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can capture how sleep, stress, and well-being are related within individuals. However, the use of EMA involves participant burden, which may be a major barrier when studying at-risk populations like frontline workers. To guide future research interested in using EMA, this study examined variance components in sleep, stress, and well-being variables collected from health care workers. Two samples of hospital nurses (60 inpatient, 84 outpatient) responded to 2-week smartphone-based EMA. Adherence to the EMA protocol was good in both samples. Results from intraclass correlations showed more momentary variability in stressors and uplifts, more daily variability in sleep, fatigue, and physical symptoms, and more between-person variability in affect, rumination, and work quality. Across the variables, however, there was substantial within-person variability. Variance components were relatively consistent between workdays and non-workdays and between week 1 and week 2. Some nuanced between-sample differences were noted.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-10-27T11:14:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221132425
       
  • Effects of Prepaid Postage Stamps and Postcard Incentives in a Web Survey
           Experiment

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      Authors: Georg-Christoph Haas, Marieke Volkert, Monika Senghaas
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Even small monetary incentives, e.g., a one-dollar bill in a postal invitation letter, can increase the response rate in a web survey. However, in the euro currency area, the smallest amount of monetary incentive for a postal invitation is a five-euro bill, which is costly. As such, we conducted a random experiment with prepaid stamp and postcard incentives as affordable alternatives. We compare the effect of our experimental groups with a control group in terms of response rates, response rates in a subsequent wave, data linkage consent, and data collection costs. Compared with the control group, the postcard incentive has no effect on our outcomes except overall costs. Using a prepaid stamp incentive increases the response rate overall but with different effect sizes for subgroups. We find no effect of stamp incentives on response rates in a subsequent wave or data linkage consent.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-10-27T02:25:12Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221132401
       
  • What about the Less IT Literate' A Comparison of Different Postal
           Recruitment Strategies to an Online Panel of the General Population

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      Authors: Barbara Felderer, Jessica M. E. Herzing
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Even though the proportion of individuals who are not equipped to participate in online surveys is constantly decreasing, many surveys face an under-representation of individuals who do not feel IT literate enough to participate. Using experimental data from a probability-based online panel, we study which recruitment survey mode strategy performs best in recruiting less IT-literate persons for an online panel. The sampled individuals received postal invitations to conduct the recruitment survey in a self-completion mode. We experimentally vary four recruitment survey mode strategies: one online mode strategy, two sequential mixed-mode strategies, and one concurrent mode strategy. We find the recruitment survey mode strategies to have a major effect on the sample composition of the recruitment survey, but the differences between the strategies vanish once respondents are asked to proceed with the panel online.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-10-26T05:20:47Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221132940
       
  • Are Voter Rolls Suitable Sampling Frames for Household Surveys'
           Evidence from India

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      Authors: Ruchika Joshi, Jeffery McManus, Karan Nagpal, Andrew Fraker
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      We examine the use of publicly available voter rolls for household survey sampling as an alternative to household listings or field-based sampling methods. Using voter rolls for sampling can save most of the cost of constructing a sampling frame relative to a household listing, but there is limited evidence about their accuracy and completeness. We conducted a household listing in 13 polling stations in India comprising 2,416 households across four states and compared the listing to voter rolls for the same polling stations. We show that voter rolls include 91% of the households found in the household listing. We conduct simulations to show that sampling from voter rolls produces estimates of household-level economic variables with minimal bias. These results suggest that voter rolls may be suitable for constructing household sampling frames, particularly in rural India.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-10-25T09:28:07Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221135369
       
  • “Are You …”: An Examination of Incomplete Question Stems in
           Self-administered Surveys

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      Authors: Nestor Hernandez, Kristen Olson, Jolene D. Smyth
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Questionnaire designers are encouraged to write questions as complete sentences. In self-administered surveys, incomplete question stems may reduce visual clutter but may also increase burden when respondents need to scan the response options to fully complete the question. We experimentally examine the effects of three categories of incomplete question stems (incomplete conversational, incomplete ordinal, and incomplete nominal questions) versus complete question stems on 53 items in a probability web-mail survey. We examine item nonresponse, response time, selection of the first and last response options, and response distributions. We find that incomplete question stems take slightly longer to answer and slightly reduce the selection of the last response option but have no effect on item nonresponse rates or selection of the first response option. We conclude that questionnaire designers should follow current best practices to write complete questions, but deviations from complete questions will likely have limited effects.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-10-18T09:43:08Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221134756
       
  • Comparing Readability Measures and Computer‐assisted Question Evaluation
           Tools for Self‐administered Survey Questions

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      Authors: Rachel Stenger, Kristen Olson, Jolene D. Smyth
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Questionnaire designers use readability measures to ensure that questions can be understood by the target population. The most common measure is the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level, but other formulas exist. This article compares six different readability measures across 150 questions in a self-administered questionnaire, finding notable variation in calculated readability across measures. Some question formats, including those that are part of a battery, require important decisions that have large effects on the estimated readability of survey items. Other question evaluation tools, such as the Question Understanding Aid (QUAID) and the Survey Quality Predictor (SQP), may identify similar problems in questions, making readability measures less useful. We find little overlap between QUAID, SQP, and the readability measures, and little differentiation in the tools’ prediction of item nonresponse rates. Questionnaire designers are encouraged to use multiple question evaluation tools and develop readability measures specifically for survey questions.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-10-14T04:09:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221124469
       
  • A Critical Approach to Interviewing Academic Elites: Access, Trust, and
           Power

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      Authors: Yali Liu, Louisa Buckingham
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      To date, research on elite interviews has primarily focused on political or business settings in European and Anglo-American contexts. In this study, we examine the procedures involved in conducting elite interviews in academic settings, drawing on fieldwork with 53 senior scholars at 10 universities across five regions of northern China. We provide a detailed, critically reflective account of strategies to gain access, develop trust, and manage the power imbalance. Our account reveals the importance of the researcher’s professional identity in gaining participants’ trust and determining adequate forms of reciprocity.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-09-27T09:28:34Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221114226
       
  • The Devil Is in the Details: A Randomized Experiment Assessing the Effect
           of Providing Examples in a Survey Question across Countries

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      Authors: Eva Aizpurua, Gianmaria Bottoni, Rory Fitzgerald
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Despite the widespread use of examples in survey questions, very few studies have examined their impact on survey responses, and the evidence is mainly based on data collected in the United States using questionnaires in English. This study builds on previous research by examining the effects of providing examples using data from a cross-national probability-based web panel implemented in Estonia (n = 730), Great Britain (n = 685), and Slovenia (n = 529) during Round 8 of the European Social Survey (2017/18). Respondents were randomly assigned a survey question measuring confidence in social media using Facebook and Twitter as examples, or another condition in which no examples were offered. The results show that confidence in social media was significantly lower in the example condition, although the effect size was small. Confidence in social media varied across countries, and the effect of providing examples was heterogeneous across countries and education levels. The implications of these findings are discussed.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-09-16T01:23:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221115506
       
  • Improving Sampling Probability Definitions with Predictive Algorithms

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      Authors: Matthew Jannetti, Amy Carroll-Scott, Erikka Gilliam, Irene Headen, Maggie Beverly, Félice Lê-Scherban
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Place-based initiatives often use resident surveys to inform and evaluate interventions. Sampling based on well-defined sampling frames is important but challenging for initiatives that target subpopulations. Databases that enumerate total population counts can produce overinclusive sampling frames, resulting in costly outreach to ineligible participants. Quantifying eligibility before sampling using machine learning algorithms can improve efficiency and reduce costs. We developed a model to improve sampling for the West Philly Promise Neighborhood’s biennial population-representative survey of households with children within a geographic footprint. This study proposes a method to estimate probability of study eligibility by building a well-calibrated predictive model using existing administrative data sources. Six machine-learning models were evaluated; logistic regression provided the best balance of accuracy and understandable probabilities. This approach can be a blueprint for other population-based studies whose sampling frames cannot be well defined using traditional sources.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-09-15T03:22:08Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221113181
       
  • Ethnographic Methods for Identifying Cultural Concepts of Distress:
           Developing Reliable and Valid Measures

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      Authors: Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, Alexandra Brewis, H. J. François Dengah, William W. Dressler, Bonnie N. Kaiser, Brandon A. Kohrt, Emily Mendenhall, Seth Sagstetter, Lesley J. Weaver, Katya X. Zhao
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      We review ethnographic methods that allow researchers to assess distress in a culturally sensitive manner. We begin with an overview of standardized biomedical and psychological approaches to assessing distress cross-culturally. We then focus on literature describing the development of reliable and valid culturally sensitive assessment tools that can serve as complements or alternatives to biomedical categories and diagnostic frameworks. The methods we describe are useful in identifying forms of suffering—expressed in culturally salient idioms of distress—that might be misidentified by biomedical classifications. We highlight the utility of a cognitive anthropological theoretical approach for developing measures that attend to local cultural categories of knowledge and experience. Attending to cultural insider perspectives is necessary because expressions of distress, thresholds of tolerance for distress, expectations about stress inherent in life, conceptions of the good life, symptom expression, and modes of help-seeking vary across cultures.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-08-04T12:58:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221113178
       
  • Using Attributes of Survey Items to Predict Response Times May Benefit
           Survey Research

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      Authors: Stefan Schneider, Haomiao Jin, Bart Orriens, Doerte U. Junghaenel, Arie Kapteyn, Erik Meijer, Arthur A. Stone
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Researchers have become increasingly interested in response times to survey items as a measure of cognitive effort. We used machine learning to develop a prediction model of response times based on 41 attributes of survey items (e.g., question length, response format, linguistic features) collected in a large, general population sample. The developed algorithm can be used to derive reference values for expected response times for most commonly used survey items.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-05-20T04:50:24Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221100904
       
  • Using Systematic Social Observations to Measure Crime Prevention through
           Environmental Design and Disorder: In-situ Observations, Photographs, and
           Google Street View Imagery

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      Authors: Marlies Sas, Thom Snaphaan, Lieven J.R. Pauwels, Koen Ponnet, Wim Hardyns
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      This study focuses on the use of systematic social observations (SSO) to measure crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and disorder. To improve knowledge about measurement issues in small area research, SSO is conducted by means of three different methods: in-situ, photographs, and Google Street View (GSV) imagery. By evaluating the methodological quality of the observation methods, the results of our study suggest that virtual SSO approaches have considerable promise for the reliable assessment of physical properties of small areas. We discuss challenges and provide avenues for future research to encourage the evolution of a more reliable approach to measure the physical environment.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-03-02T12:33:49Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221074768
       
  • How Did We Develop a Photographic Guide of Biodiverse Food Plants to
           Support Food Consumption Studies'

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      Authors: Ially D. O. Ribeiro, Natalia A. D. N. Batista, Severina Carla V. Cunha Lima, Michelle Cristine M. Jacob
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      This short take explains how we developed a photographic guide for assessing biodiversity in food consumption studies with taxonomy accuracy. To build the guide, we followed the “Guidelines on Assessing Biodiverse Foods in Dietary Intake Surveys” of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. As far as we know, this is the first tool developed in Brazil to support dietary surveys that consider food biodiversity. As researchers, this guide may help us make local biodiverse food more visible in food studies, improving our capacity to evaluate their contribution to nutritional and cultural outcomes.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-28T03:54:42Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221083424
       
  • The Effects of Prompt Interventions on Web Survey Response Rate and Data
           Quality Measures

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      Authors: Hanyu Sun, Andrew Caporaso, David Cantor, Terisa Davis, Kelly Blake
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Previous survey research has found that prompt interventions for speeding and straightlining were effective at reducing these undesirable response behaviors in web surveys. However, the effects of prompt interventions on data quality measures are mixed, and it is unclear how prompt interventions affect key survey estimates. We conducted an experiment on prompt interventions using the National Cancer Institute’s 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey Push-to-Web Pilot Study. We used two types of prompts, one targeted speeding and the other targeted straightlining. We found no significant differences between the prompt and no-prompt conditions in overall web response rates. Also, we found that web respondents assigned to the prompt condition spent more time on the survey, had a lower percent of straightlining, and a lower percent of speeding on grid questions. Regarding key survey estimates, there were significant differences on estimates for one out of 40 items tested.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-18T07:38:35Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X211072358
       
  • A Community-Partnered Approach to Social Network Data Collection for a
           Large and Partial Network

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      Authors: Maxwell Izenberg, Ryan Brown, Cora Siebert, Ron Heinz, Aida Rahmattalabi, Phebe Vayanos
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      In the small town of Sitka, Alaska, frequent and often catastrophic landslides threaten residents. One challenge associated with disaster preparedness is access to timely and reliable risk information. As with many small but diverse towns, who or what is a trustworthy source of information is often contested. To help improve landslide communication in Sitka, we used a community-partnered approach to social network analysis to identify (1) potential key actors for landslide risk communication and (2) structural holes that may inhibit efficient and equitable communication. This short take describes how we built trust and developed adaptive data collection methods to build an approach that was acceptable and actionable for Sitka, Alaska. This approach could be useful to other researchers for conducting social network analysis to improve risk communication, particularly in rural and remote contexts.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-15T03:56:41Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221074769
       
  • Using the Census Planning Database to Generate Differential Expected Yield
           Rates to Self-administered Mail Surveys

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      Authors: Taylor Lewis, Joseph McMichael
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Expected yield rates are essential to a survey’s data collection plan, as they inform requisite sample sizes to meet the survey’s objectives. Given an overall expected yield rate for a self-administered mail survey, this short take describes a simple method for using the Census Planning Database to assign differential yield rates to lower-level geographies within the study area.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-14T07:57:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221074764
       
  • Infrequent Identity Signals, Multiple Correspondence, and Detection Risks
           in Audit Correspondence Studies

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      Authors: Catherine Balfe, Patrick Button, Mary Penn, David J. Schwegman
      First page: 3
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Audit correspondence studies are field experiments that test for discriminatory behavior in active markets. Researchers measure discrimination by comparing how responsive individuals (“audited units”) are to correspondences from different types of people. This article elaborates on the tradeoffs researchers face between sending audited units only one correspondence and sending them multiple correspondences, especially when including less common identity signals in the correspondences. We argue that when researchers use audit correspondence studies to measure discrimination against individuals that infrequently interact with audited units, they raise the risk that these audited units become aware they are being studied or otherwise act differently. We also argue that sending multiple pieces of correspondence can increase detection risk. We present the result of an audit correspondence study that demonstrates how detection can occur for these reasons, leading to significantly attenuated (biased toward zero) estimates of discrimination.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-01-13T07:38:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X211057623
       
  • Local and Transnational Identity, Positionality and Knowledge Production
           in Africa and the African Diaspora

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      Authors: Kudus Oluwatoyin Adebayo, Emeka T. Njoku
      First page: 18
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      How does shared identity between researcher and the researched influence trust-building for data generation and knowledge production' We reflect on this question based on two separate studies conducted by African-based researchers in sociology and political science in Nigeria. We advanced two interrelated positions. The first underscores the limits of national belonging as shorthand for insiderness, while the second argues that when shared national/group identity is tensioned other intersecting positions and relations take prominence. We also show that the researched challenge and resist unequal power relations through interview refusal or by evading issues that the researcher considers important, but the participant perceives as intrusive. We shed light on the vagaries, overlaps, and similarities in the dynamics of belonging and positionality in researching Africans in and outside Africa as home-based researchers. Our contribution advances the understanding of field dynamics in the production of local and cross-border knowledge on Africa/Africans.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-01-05T04:00:45Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X211051574
       
  • Advance Translation—The Remedy to Improve Translatability of Source
           Questionnaires' Results of a Think-Aloud Study

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      Authors: Brita Dorer
      First page: 33
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Advance translation is a method of source questionnaire development for multilingual survey projects to enhance translatability and (inter)cultural portability. The aim is to minimize translation issues in the final translation stage. I empirically tested the results of a previously conducted advance translation in a think-aloud study and analyzed the utterances made in a mixed-method approach, calculating chi-square statistics and cross-checking these by observational notes of the think-aloud sessions. My study confirms the usefulness of advance translation in making source items better to translate, thus improving final translation quality. It appears to be particularly useful for comprehensibility issues of the source text, irrespective of the target language. I recommend that advance translations be carried out into all languages and cultures into which the final source questionnaire is to be translated. This will improve source questionnaire translatability and, thus, final translation and overall cross-cultural data quality.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-24T09:15:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X211072343
       
  • Challenges and Opportunities to Recruiting and Engaging with Gay Male
           Latino Sexual Assault Survivors

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      Authors: Daniel Jacobson López, Antonio García, Rafael Engel, John L. Jackson
      First page: 48
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      There is a paucity of empirical literature examining the experiences of gay Latino sexual assault survivors in the United States, due in part because there is little research focused on how to effectively recruit and engage Latino sexual assault survivors as participants in the research process. While researchers have utilized various recruitment methods to engage with gay Latino men, they have not focused specifically on sexual assault survivors. To address this gap, this study examined effective strategies for recruiting and engaging with gay Latino sexual assault survivors. Various recruitment methods were used, and social media-based recruitment methods proved to be the most effective. Researchers need to develop rapport and trust during the screening interview and avoid the risk of re-traumatization.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-06-07T05:32:05Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221103736
       
  • Short Take: Do Postal Stamps (Still) Lead to a Higher Response Rate'
           An Empirical Test in Belgium

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      Authors: Marc Hooghe, Dieter Stiers
      First page: 64
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      When conducting a postal survey, a traditional recommendation is to use paper postage stamps instead of an automated postage system, to make sure that invitations have a more personal and attractive appearance. In this research note, we investigate whether this traditional recommendation is still valid. In the autumn of 2020, a postal survey was conducted among high-school teachers in Belgium strictly adhering to the Dillman protocol. The overall response rate was 43.4%. Invitations with a real paper postage stamp had a three-percentage points higher response rate (44.9% versus 41.8%), but this difference proved not to be significant. There are no significant gender or age differences between the groups. In addition, the presence or absence of a paper stamp did not influence the respondents’ choice for answering the questionnaire online or on paper, as those who received a stamped envelope were equally likely to choose the online answering tool.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-25T05:48:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X211072350
       
  • Participatory Modeling: A Methodology for Engaging Stakeholder Knowledge
           and Participation in Social Science Research

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      Authors: Barbara Quimby, Melissa Beresford
      First page: 73
      Abstract: Field Methods, Ahead of Print.
      Participatory modeling (PM) is an engaged research methodology for creating analog or computer-based models of complex systems, such as socio–environmental systems. Used across a range of fields, PM centers stakeholder knowledge and participation to create more internally valid models that can inform policy and increase engagement and trust between communities and research teams. The PM process also presents opportunities for knowledge co-production and eliciting cross-sectional and longitudinal data on stakeholders’ worldviews and knowledge, risk assessment, decision-making, and social learning. We present an overview of the stages for PM and how it can be used for community-based, stakeholder-engaged social science research.
      Citation: Field Methods
      PubDate: 2022-02-15T06:14:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/1525822X221076986
       
 
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