 Subjects -> ANTHROPOLOGY (Total: 398 journals)
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- Discovering Local Discourses about Climate Change
Authors: Giovanni Bennardo
PubDate: Tue, 13 Dec 2022 08:38:20 PST
- Yellowtail Snapper: Human-Ecological Relationships in the South Florida
Fishery
Authors: Brent Stoffle et al.
Abstract: In 2018 over a period of five months researchers from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) conducted a study with fishermen and local business owners who participate in the South Florida Yellowtail snapper fishery. Fishermen were asked about changes in their targeting strategies over the last several decades; and they perceive these changes to have altered the health and the biology of the snapper species. The changes are perceived as partially responsible for improving both the overall abundance of Yellowtail and having sped up its the growth and reproductive cycles. This is a case where people with TEK potentially have made measurable improvements to an ecological system.
PubDate: Tue, 13 Dec 2022 08:38:08 PST
- The struggle of indigenous people of the lower Rio Mayo, northwestern
Mexico for water resources: an overview and a critical assessment
Authors: Arthur D. Murphy et al.
Abstract: To irrigate the 6.5 million hectares of land of the Mayo River Valley, Sonora, Mexico uses nearly 77% of its water. Sonora is home to seven indigenous groups, with over 110,000 indigenous people living on their ancestral, though largely reduced, territories. The Mayo River Valley is the ancestral land of the Mayo (Yoreme). The 65,000 Mayo who live along the river provide the region with its cultural identity. However, official plans for river water focus on high yield, high value crops, and urban water use. The result is a hydrological crisis for indigenous people in the river valley. Over 90% of those interviewed indicate the climate is hotter and dryer than in the past, consistent with climatologists who report a significant increase in temperatures, with a decrease frequency of frost and an increase in the number of frost-free days in the region. Climatological models indicate that future rainfall will be more varied with longer periods between precipitation events, but more intense rains when they occur. We conclude that local knowledge systems provide an opportunity to understand the impact of climate change at the local level and to develop a system of evaluation of the impact of change in the local hydrological system based on local epistemologies.
PubDate: Tue, 13 Dec 2022 08:37:55 PST
- Local People’s Perceptions of Benefits and Costs of Protected Areas: The
Case of Tarangire National Park and the Surrounding Ecosystem, Northern
Tanzania
Authors: Felix J. Mkonyi
Abstract: AA better understanding of the benefits and costs of conservation to people living adjacent to protected areas is fundamental to balancing their conservation goals and needs. This study, based in the Tarangire-Simanjiro ecosystem, explored the costs, benefits and attitudes of local people living adjacent to Tarangire National Park in northern Tanzania. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 respondents which were randomly selected from the ‘population’ of 300 respondents used previously for the main survey. Results indicate mixed responses towards protected areas. The majority of respondents held positive attitudes toward the park (56.7%) and park staff (63.3%) but had negative attitudes toward the Simanjiro Plains (53.3%). Despite the costs of living in proximity to the park, the majority of respondents viewed the park staff more favorably which may contribute towards improved conservation and increased tolerance. The revenue from ecotourism, support for community development projects and wildlife protection were the top three perceived benefits, while crop raiding and livestock depredation, restricted access to the park and clashes with park rangers were the most perceived costs. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that interaction with park staff was the consistent predictor of a positive attitude towards the park, while lack of ecotourism benefits and living in the vicinity of the park were predictors of negative attitudes. Attitudes toward the Simanjiro Plains were significantly positively correlated with overall income sufficiency, while older respondents were more likely to express negative attitudes towards it. Most respondents were willing to support large carnivore conservation despite having problems with them. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving positive attitudes towards protected areas should focus on an equitable ecotourism revenue-sharing with adjacent communities, positive interactions with park staff and overall household income sufficiency to win the support of local communities and thus ensure effective conservation of protected areas.
PubDate: Tue, 13 Dec 2022 08:34:20 PST
- Book Review of Eating NAFTA: Trade, Food Policies, and the Destruction of
Mexico by Alyshia Gálvez
Authors: Laura Kihlstrom
Abstract: This is a book review of the book 'Eating NAFTA: Trade, Food Policies, and the Destruction of Mexico' by Alyshia Gálvez.
PubDate: Tue, 30 Mar 2021 09:14:08 PDT
- Transmission and Erosion of Local Knowledge Practices in a Fishing Village
in South India
Authors: Dalibandhu Pukkalla Mr et al.
Abstract: Fishermen acquire knowledge through kin or other members of the community in an informal way, as well as through personal experience. The knowledge thus acquired is viewed as an asset, but the dangers of its erosion are well understood by the fisher communities. This study documents local knowledge based on the experience, observation, and experimentation of the Jalari fishing community in South India. We focus on wave/ocean colors, sea currents, reading the weather, and availability of fishes in different seasons. Cultural transmission and factors potentially influencing the sustenance and erosion of knowledge practices are briefly considered.
PubDate: Tue, 30 Mar 2021 09:13:58 PDT
- Ethnic heterogeneity of knowledge on termites and human consumption in
southern Cameroon
Authors: Sevilor KEKEUNOU 75278164 et al.
Abstract: Termites are both pests and non-conventional food resources in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many are reluctant to eat them, and the reasons for this rejection are poorly known. This study examined level of knowledge, and acceptance by members of the 10 main ethnic groups of southern Cameroon. Most respondents (86 percent) were aware of termites as food with sixteen vernacular names in the study areas. Acceptance among ethnic groups for consumption varied between 96 percent and 8 percent of people in a group. Barriers included being raised to not eat termites, not having many opportunities to eat termites, and dislike of the taste.
PubDate: Tue, 30 Mar 2021 09:13:43 PDT
- Participatory Mapping with High-resolution Satellite Imagery: A Mixed
Method Assessment of Land Degradation and Rehabilitation in Northern
Burkina Faso
Authors: Colin Thor West et al.
Abstract: Sahelian West Africa is a region that has high population densities and that has frequent severe droughts and enormous pressure on natural resources. Because of these challenges, it is the place where the term desertification was originally coined. Recently, however, experts have identified large zones of greening where the amount of vegetation exceeds what one would expect based on rainfall alone. This pattern is well documented, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This research employs participatory mapping linked with high-resolution satellite imagery to better understand the human role behind regional vegetation trends. Through a case study of three communities in northern Burkina Faso, this paper presents a pilot methodology for explicitly mapping perceived areas of both land degradation and rehabilitation. Combining participatory mapping exercises with standard image classification techniques allows areas of land degradation and rehabilitation to be precisely located and their extents measured for individual communities and their surrounding terroirs. Results of the spatial analysis show that the relative proportion of greening and browning varies among communities. In the case of Sakou, nearly 60 percent of its terroir is degraded. While in another, Kouka, this is 48 percent. This method also elicits perspectives of Burkinabè agro-pastoralists on the local land-use practices driving these twin environmental processes. Altogether, this case study demonstrates the analytical power of integrating ethnography and high-resolution satellite imagery to provide a bottom-up perspective on social-ecological dynamics.
PubDate: Tue, 30 Mar 2021 09:13:33 PDT
- Toxic Tropics: Purity and Danger in Everywhere in Everyday Life
Authors: Liza Grandia
Abstract: In contrast to popular images of the tropics as verdant Edens, forest dwellers face various pollutants with little-understood environmental health impacts. Drawing upon long-term ethnographic research in northern Guatemala through the lens of Mary Douglas' work on purity, danger, and culture, this paper describes how the inventive re-use of modern waste exposes rural people to new and unknown toxic substances from “matter out of place.” While environmental justice literature has emphasized industrial, extractive, and military disasters, this note draws attention to the less dramatic yet lethal pollutants encountered in the everyday lives of the rural poor through “chemical trespass.”
PubDate: Wed, 06 Nov 2019 09:41:59 PST
- Off-the-Grid in an On-Grid Nation: Household Energy Choices,
Intra-Community Effects, and Attitudes in a Rural Neighborhood in Utah
Authors: Eileen Smith-Cavros et al.
Abstract: This research is an investigation of the perceived positive and negative aspects of off grid living in a middle to upper-class neighborhood in rural Utah in which no public utility grid was available for connection. Off-grid living is defined as unconnected to a public utility power grid, water, or sewer system. In the researched community, all individuals lived off-grid on minimum twenty-acre lots of land with single-household dwellings. We used surveys with closed and open-ended questions to qualitatively explore the local social effects (from individual attitudes to group identity to household economics to conservation attitudes) off-grid living had on individuals and households, and daily intra-community life. Our study group was a compelling community in which to ask this question since most of our participants came to live off-grid by chance as much as choice and they lived off-grid for a relatively long time (average of 9 ½ years). Among this group we coded responses into categories based on qualitative conversation analysis, word usage counts, and categorization and found the “independence” of off-grid living perceived as a strong “positive” factor and the cost and time-intensive maintenance as “negatives.” Gendered work also affected attitudes about daily life and energy choices. In addition, living off-grid, particularly the use of solar energy, seemed to enhance a heightened sense of intra-community neighborliness among most residents.
PubDate: Tue, 12 Mar 2019 15:48:01 PDT
- Going to School in the Forest: Changing Evaluations of Animal-Plant
Interactions in the Kichwa Amazon
Authors: Jeffrey T. Shenton
Abstract: For rural, indigenous communities the ways structural modernization, exposure to Western-scientific epistemologies, and formal schooling affect environmental reasoning remain unclear. For one Kichwa community in the Napo region of Ecuador, daily routines have re-oriented toward formal schooling but environmental learning opportunities remain intact. Here, while a Species Interaction Task elicited consensus across ages on inferred ecological interactions, younger people reasoned differently than older people: for them, animal interactions with flora were considered damaging, not neutral. Aspirational practices like schooling can thus reorient environmental reasoning, even in contexts in which young people share cultural understandings of local ecological relationships with adults.
PubDate: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 15:48:40 PST
- ExtrACTION: Impacts, Engagements, and Alternative Futures
Authors: Richard C. Bargielski
PubDate: Mon, 14 Jan 2019 05:49:26 PST
- A Cultural History of Climate Change
Authors: Tatiana Prorokova
PubDate: Thu, 10 Jan 2019 11:07:20 PST
- Pinngortitaq – A Place of Becoming
Authors: Ann E. Lennert et al.
Abstract: Arctic ecosystems are on the verge of changes that are unprecedented in both magnitude and velocity. We stress that statements of a changing climate and environment have ambiguous definitions in both theoretical and metaphorical senses. Inuit have embraced the idea of an environment in a process of Pinngortitaq – a place of becoming – rather than a process of changing. In this note, we accentuate how a philosophy of a world becoming can inspire to answer some of the complex environmental questions asked today by enabling more flexible management regimes in the future.
PubDate: Thu, 10 Jan 2019 11:07:08 PST
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