 Subjects -> ANTHROPOLOGY (Total: 398 journals)
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- Topic Modeling as an evaluation basis in literature research – A
proposal for a new literature review method for machine-assisted source
evaluation using the example of anthropology-
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Abstract:  Topic Modeling as an evaluation basis in literature research – A proposal for a new literature review method for machine-assisted source evaluation using the example of anthropologyLutz, Alexander Maximilian; Lutz, Regina
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 119 - 134AbstractObjectives: Topic modeling is a machine learning method that has been used in disciplines like social sciences or the industrial production sector. With topic modeling, a scientist can reduce many articles to a few topics to get an overview of a specific field (e.g., for a scoping review). The objectives of this paper were (1) to demonstrate the applicability of topic modeling to the field of anthropology by a new framework and (2) to present a new method for determining the optimal number of topics used. Subjects and methods: The documents used in this paper were collected from the database IEEE, using the search term “anthropology” to obtain a broad range of topics. Topic modeling was performed by Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method, using R. To determine the optimal candidate of topics (k), a mathematical formula based on the slope of the perplexity curve was established. Results: The application of the framework to the corpus of 518 documents was able to sort all documents into 15 research areas with little time investment by the researcher while using a standard laptop computer. The process of semantic validation was successfully done for all 15 topics. Conclusions: The presented framework with the optimal number of topics k enables scientists in the field of anthropology to perform a scoping review and thus spend less time to manually categorize documents. Topic modeling can be used by researchers in multidisciplinary projects to improve understanding content in a faster way.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Time trends (2010–2020) in skinfolds thickness in children and
adolescents, with different BMI status, from Kraków (Poland)-
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Abstract:  Time trends (2010–2020) in skinfolds thickness in children and adolescents, with different BMI status, from Kraków (Poland)Kryst, Łukasz; Żegleń, Magdalena; Kowal, Małgorzata; Woronkowicz, Agnieszka
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 135 - 150AbstractObjectives: To analyse secular changes (2010–2020) in skinfold thickness in children and adolescents in different BMI categories. Methods: The study group consisted of 3–16-year olds included in two cross-sectional studies. Measurements included height, weight and 5 skinfolds. The Body Mass Index was used to categorize participants into low (underweight), normal or excess (overweight and obesity) weight groups based on IOTF cut-off points. Differences of skinfold thicknesses between both cohorts, within each of the weight status categories, were assessed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Results: In both sexes, there was a negative secular trend in limb adiposity among the normal weight and underweight cohorts. However, in both of those subpopulations individuals examined in 2020 had greater trunk adiposity, in comparison to their counterparts examined in 2010. Declining limb adiposity was also present in the overweight category. Although, trunk adiposity among individuals with overweight was generally comparable in both cohorts. Conclusions: There was a tendency towards normal weight obesity, particularly excess abdominal adiposity, among the 2020 cohort. These findings further suggest that using only the BMI, without taking into consideration tissue composition of the body, may result in misclassification of children and adolescents with high adiposity as normal-weight.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Influence of body build on hand grip strength, simple reaction time and
strength of the abdominal muscles in prepubertal children-
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Abstract:  Influence of body build on hand grip strength, simple reaction time and strength of the abdominal muscles in prepubertal childrenNieczuja-Dwojacka, Joanna; Marchewka, Justyna; Siniarska, Anna; Budnik, Alicja; Popielarz, Katarzyna; Tabak, Izabela
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 151 - 158AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess whether the body build has an impact on hand grip strength, muscle endurance and time reaction in children. The material of the research were 376 children from 6.78 to 11.82 years old in 2018. Body weight, height, waist, hip and mid-upper-arm circumferences, triceps and subscapular folds were measured. The BMI, body fat and AHtR (arm-circumference-to-height ratio) were calculated. The hand grip strength, simple reaction time (Quickstick) and strength of the abdominal muscles (endurance) were tested. Two-way ANOVA and correlation analyses with significance level p < 0.05 were used. Children with normal BMI values are characterized by better simple reaction time than their obese peers, while overweight and obese children estimated on the basis of BMI, AHtR and body fat perform were better in hand grip strength. In the case of strength of the abdominal muscles, there were no differences in children with different body build. The normal build and body weight promotes the proper development of children, which also is reflected in the results of motor performance and fitness tests.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Comparative evaluation of various nasal shapes and angles in different
vertical growth patterns – A Cephalometric Study-
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Abstract:  Comparative evaluation of various nasal shapes and angles in different vertical growth patterns – A Cephalometric StudyPerović, Tatjana; Blažej, Zorica; Jovanović, Ivan
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 159 - 170AbstractBackground: Factors affecting the appearance of the nose and the size of the nasal angles are different. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the vertical developmental pattern on the nose appearance. Material and methods: Lateral cephalogram from 144 adult Caucasian subjects from the central Balkan were analyzed (72 male and 72 female), with orthognathic jaw relationship – class I and different types of divergence pattern. The profile type of nose, the shape of the nasal dorsum and the value of the nasal angles (nasofrontal, nasofacial, nasolabial and nasal tip angle) were determined for each person. Subjects were divided into three groups based on the values of ANB angle (sagital relation between the maxilla and mandible), Wit’s appraisal, SN/GoGn (the angle of mandibular divergence pattern). These groups are subjects with hypodivergent, normaldivergent and hyperdivergent growth pattern. Statistical analysis included differences separately for each gender between different types of divergence. Results: The results indicated that some nasal forms are more common in certain types of divergence, but that these differences did not show statistical significance, in contrast to the results of authors from other areas. Conclusions: The clinical implication of current study relates to the fact that nasal reconstruction should not be based on the type of divergence, but on other factors.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Dental paleopathologies in western Anatolian skeletons from the Late
Eastern Roman Period (Attepe and Dereköy settlements)-
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Abstract:  Dental paleopathologies in western Anatolian skeletons from the Late Eastern Roman Period (Attepe and Dereköy settlements)Erkman, Ahmet Cem; İlbey, Selcen; Gökkurt, Sevgi Tuğçe; Özdemir, Serpil
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 171 - 190AbstractThe skeletons investigated herein were dated to the Late Eastern Roman Period, at the time of the golden age under the reign of the Macedonian dynasty ruled between 867 and 1056. In the Kütahya region, which acted as a border and frequently changed between the Eastern Roman and Seljuk states, the oral and dental health of the Attepe and Dereköy populations in this period was differed proportionally. A dam was constructed in Kütahya Province near Kureyşler Village for irrigation purposes. The Attepe settlement (AD 986–1050) and Dereköy necropolis (AD 966–1032) are located within the boundaries of the dam lake. To save the cultural assets in these areas, excavation studies were conducted by the Kütahya Museum in the region in 2014. This study investigated 447 permanent teeth from 34 adult individuals in the Attepe population, and 270 permanent teeth from 17 adult individuals in the Dereköy population dated to the Late Eastern Roman period. When the distribution of dental diseases in the Attepe population was examined, it was determined that 13.77% had caries, 0.81% had periapical lesions, 68.18% had periodontal disease, 13.07% had calculus, 17.98% had hypoplasia, and 22.33% had antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). In the Dereköy population, 12.88% had caries, 2.01% had periapical lesions, 80% had periodontal disease, 3.83% had calculus, 23.28% had hypoplasia, and 5.37% had AMTL. In both populations, the degree of tooth wear was determined as grade 3 and 4. The dental data showed that agricultural-dominated nutrition consumption was effective in the Attepe and Dereköy populations. In both populations, there were significant differences between the amount of caries and calculus (p = 0.00 < 0.05) as well as tooth wear and calculus (p = 0.00 < 0.05). When all these findings were assessed in an integrated fashion, it was possible to understand the features of a village population being involved in agriculture and dominant stock farming in a region in western Anatolia during the 10th–11th centuries, which coped, for the most part, with epidemics and infectious diseases, wars, and perhaps periodic famines.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- A possible case of “kissing” osteochondroma and multiple enchondromas
in a medieval skeleton from the church of Sant’ Agostino in Caravate
(Northern Italy)-
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Abstract:  A possible case of “kissing” osteochondroma and multiple enchondromas in a medieval skeleton from the church of Sant’ Agostino in Caravate (Northern Italy)Larentis, Omar; Tonina, Enrica; Iorio, Silvia; Tesi, Chiara; Fusco, Roberta; Licata, Marta
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 191 - 203AbstractThis work presents the neoplastic bone changes found in the lower limb of a medieval skeleton from the church of Sant’ Agostino in Caravate (Northern Italy). After briefly assessing the individual’s overall pathological picture, a differential diagnosis for the neoplastic changes is now proposed. These changes were analysed macroscopically and radiographically and subsequently evaluated considering the paleopathological and clinical literature available. The differential diagnosis allowed us to recognize a tibiofibular osteochondroma and some enchondromas in the medullary cavity of the tibia. The results presented here highlight the importance of radiological analyses in the recognition and study of bone neoplasms in the paleopathological field, further contributing to our knowledge of the presence of neoplasms in Medieval Northern Italy.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- A Prehispanic infant from Tenerife with diffuse microporotic lesions
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Abstract:  A Prehispanic infant from Tenerife with diffuse microporotic lesionsGonzález-Reimers, Emilio; Rodríguez-Caraballo, Selene; Ordóñez, Alejandra C.; Carballo-Pérez, Jared; Vacas-Fumero, Emilio; Marrero-Salas, Efraín; Arnay-de-la-Rosa, Matilde
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 205 - 223AbstractWe describe diffuse microporotic lesions observed in most of the scattered skeletal remains belonging to a ≈ 6 months-old female (genetic sexing) prehispanic (antiquity ≈ 600 years BP) individual recovered from a small recess of a basaltic burial cave in the highlands (2300 m above sea level) of Tenerife. Although sphenoid wings were lacking, microporotic lesions were present in several bones, especially in the hard palate, basilar part of the occipital bone, outer aspect of the maxilla, and proximal half of the right humerus, accompanied by a subtle periosteal reaction. Although non-specific, bone lesions may be compatible with scurvy, possibly in the context of malnutrition, that probably also affected the mother, given the young age of the infant and her dependence on maternal feeding. Pathophysiological connections among iron deficiency, vitamin C deficiency and vitamin D deficiency are discussed. Both observational reports on paleopathological cases of diffuse microporotic lesions as well as experimental studies devoted to discern the relative and combined effects of hypoxia-mediated bone marrow expansion, protein-calorie malnutrition, ascorbate, vitamin D or iron deficiency on such lesions are needed.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Canine dimensions for estimation of sex in adult and non-adult individuals
with external validation by aDNA-
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Abstract:  Canine dimensions for estimation of sex in adult and non-adult individuals with external validation by aDNAFlohr, Stefan
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 225 - 231AbstractUsing discriminant functions obtained from canine dimensions for sex estimation in human skeletons has frequently been proposed as a promising approach within assemblages, even when used in non-adult individuals. However, applicability of this method to adult and non-adult individuals from other assemblages was rarely investigated, probably due to frequently observed inter-population differences in tooth dimensions. In the present study, discriminant functions obtained for permanent canine dimensions at the cemento-enamel junction in a previous study of the early medieval assemblage from Greding, were applied to individuals from a late medieval Jewish cemetery at Erfurt, Germany. The results were validated by aDNA analyses. Prior to the application of the functions, canine dimensions of the assemblages were compared. The comparison showed largely corresponding canine dimensions between the two assemblages. The application of the formulae obtained on the early medieval assemblage to the late medieval assemblage at Erfurt revealed a 100 % correct classification rate in the adult individuals. In non-adults, the correct classification rate was poorer, with 7 of 9 (77.8 %) individuals correctly classified. The study showed that the application of discriminant functions for sex estimation from canine measurements to assemblages other than those for which the functions were developed can lead to high correct classification rates in adults if the average canine dimensions are similar in the respective assemblages. An application to non-adult individuals should only be made with caution as canine dimensions in the “non-survivors” can lead to an over-estimation of the proportion of female non-adults.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- On some mummy findings from the Semmelweis Museum of Medical History,
Hungarian National Museum, Budapest-
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Abstract:  On some mummy findings from the Semmelweis Museum of Medical History, Hungarian National Museum, BudapestSzvák, Enikő; Győry, Hedvig; Scheffer, Krisztina; Rosendahl, Wilfried; Zesch, Stephanie; Zink, Albert R.; Piombino-Mascali, Dario; Girčius, Rokas; Pálfi, György; Pap, Ildikó
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. 233 - 240AbstractThe permanent exhibition of the Hungarian National Museum, Semmelweis Museum of Medical History of Budapest, Hungary, displays some human remains believed to originate from ancient Egypt. Within the framework of the Nephthys Project, three objects consisting of two heads and one foot were studied via paleoimaging and archaeometric techniques in order to provide new anthropological and paleopathological data. It is argued here that even partial or fragmentary items are worthy of investigation as they can reveal new information about their owners, as well as their supposed authenticity.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Occurrence of calcaneal spurs on skeletal remains of historical
populations in the context of footwear development-
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Abstract:  Occurrence of calcaneal spurs on skeletal remains of historical populations in the context of footwear developmentVaňatková, Kateřina; Vymazalová, Kateřina; Vargová, Lenka; Tvrdý, Zdeněk; Ernée, Michal; Pěnička, Robin
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, (2023), p. - AbstractThis communication is focused on monitoring the occurrence of plantar and dorsal exostoses (spurs) on the calcanei of skeletons from various dated historical periods. A total of 361 calcanei from 268 individuals were evaluated (prehistoric sites – Podivín, Modřice, Mikulovice; mediaeval sites – Olomouc-Nemilany, Trutmanice; modern age sites – the former Municipal Cemetery in Brno in Malá Nová Street, collections of the Department of Anatomy, Masaryk University, Brno). Differences in period footwear for individual population samples were taken into account when interpreting the findings. Health defects were sought for individual types of historical footwear, which could have a causal connection with the occurrence of exostoses on the calcanei. Plantar calcaneal spur occurred most frequently in the mediaeval population (23.5 %; N = 51), less frequently in prehistory (14.1 %; N = 85) and least in modern times (9.8%; N = 132). Similar results were observed for dorsal calcaneal spur in the attachment of the Achilles tendon, but with higher values. In the Middle Ages, its incidence was highest (47.0 %; N = 51), followed by prehistoric times (32.9 %; N = 85), with the least found from the modern age (19.9 %; N = 132). However, the results obtained correspond only to a certain extent to the defects in footwear in the relevant historical period.
PubDate: Fri, 03 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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