Subjects -> GEOGRAPHY (Total: 493 journals)
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- Spatial and temporal trend analysis of temperature extremes in Tanzania
Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 51: 1-22 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e126690 Authors : Tabaro Kabanda : This study examines the effects of extreme temperature events, defined explicitly as the 98th percentile temperature for heat, in Tanzania from 1981 to 2023. The study utilises percentile analysis, z-score calculations, and trend mapping to highlight the prevalence of extreme temperatures. The z-score analysis examines the occurrence of extreme temperatures and their distribution in terms of frequency and space. It identified Tanzania’s mid-eastern and north-western regions as areas with a high concentration of extreme temperatures over the previous 43 years. The study analyses the length of extreme occurrences and reveals changing patterns. In 2020, the events were shorter, while in 2021 and 2022, they became longer-lasting, and there was a notable concentration of extended anomalies near the northern coastline. In 2023, the highest temperatures ever recorded were observed, with more than half of the regions seeing prolonged periods of extreme temperatures lasting for a week and significant deviations from the norm staying for four weeks or more. This was particularly notable in the southern regions of Lindi and Mtwara. The harmonic trend analysis of temperature shows an upward temperature trend noticeably in regions such as Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Kagera, Morogoro, Simiyu, and Shinyanga and is somewhat inconspicuous in most areas. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 14:00:00 +0300
- A critical review of peatland ecosystem services research in Indonesia:
Uncovering knowledge gaps and research needs Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 169-190 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e117635 Authors : Mohammad Yunus : Peatlands provide a broad range of ecosystem services (ES) that are critical to ecosystem regulating and human well-being. However, anthropogenic activities threaten their existence, leading to degradation, destruction, and loss of these ecosystems. To effectively convey the value of peatlands, it is important to share knowledge on the ES they provide. This review aims to provide an overview of the ES provided by peatlands in Indonesia. We undertook a critical review of articles published on Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to investigate various aspects of peatland ES. Our examination encompassed data types, valuation methods, modes of assessment, ecosystem services categories, study site scale, temporal patterns, purposes of publication, and study limitations related to peatland ES. From a set of 1,115 potentially relevant papers, 45 were selected for analysis. Our findings showed that ES studies are heavily concentrated on the Kalimantan and Sumatra islands, with most studies focused on specific provinces such as Central Kalimantan and Riau. The most commonly used data type, method, and mode of assessment were secondary data, look-up tables, and economic valuation, respectively. Provisioning services were the most frequently studied ES category, followed by regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services. However, gaps persist, including limited data, understanding, and long-term sustainability consideration. Future research should address these gaps by focusing on underrepresented peatland ecosystems, integrating diverse approaches, and considering global peatland issues. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 11:30:00 +030
- Evaluation of the tourist functions of protected areas: A case study of
Shumen Plateau Nature Park Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 149-168 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e117725 Authors : Vanya Vasileva, Sevdzhan Sabrieva, Dora Kabakchieva, Maksimiliana Emilova : Protected territories have great potential for nature-based forms of tourism. These specific forms of tourism have also been considered as a tool for developing sustainable forms of tourism. Therefore, they have been a subject of scientific research in recent years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tourist functions of the Shumen Plateau Nature Park in North-East Bulgaria. It is among the small natural parks in terms of area, but it is a valuable natural site among the vast, highly anthropogenically modified territory of the eastern part of the Danube plain. By using the survey method, the study determines the overall recognition of the area and analyzes the visitor‘s opinions regarding the tourist use of the park territory. According to the results of this study the Shumen Plateau Nature Park has potential for protection and management of natural processes and, in parallel, an opportunity for the development of sustainable tourism and the implementation of ecological-educational and tourist programs. Visitors are well aware of the possibilities for tourism and sports, while they do not take advantage of all possibilities, but only the ones that are a priority for them. 100% of respondents answer positively when asked “Would you visit the Shumen Plateau again'”. Further research could combine more innovative and mixed methodologies to broaden the research interest. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 11:30:00 +030
- Risk assessment of landslides: Low probability scenario for the town of
Kavarna, northern Black Sea coast of Bulgaria Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 129-148 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e116695 Authors : Boyko Berov, Antoaneta Frantzova, Plamen Ivanov, Nikolai Dobrev, Miroslav Krastanov, Rosen Nankin : As part of the Reimbursable Advisory Services on Accelerating Resilience to Disaster Risks, the World Bank worked with the Interior Ministry of Bulgaria to develop a proposal for the National Disaster Risk Profile of Bulgaria. The purpose of this document, which is the fourth technical annex to the proposal for the National Disaster Risk Profile, is to provide particular conclusions, information, and techniques that were utilised to evalu-ate the risk of landslides in Bulgaria. For the first time at the national level, landslide risk assessment procedures based on ISO/IEC 31010:2019 Risk assessment techniques are being developed and applied in Bulgaria. The five primary categories in which the results are presented are physical safety, economic security, social well-being, environmental security, and security of tangible assets and critical infrastructure. The uncertainty (confidence) parameter is utilised, and it is subdivided into the following three basic categories: low uncertainty, medium uncertainty, and high uncertainty. The produced results demonstrate consistent applicability to empirical data analysis and real-world situations. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Wed, 5 Jun 2024 07:30:00 +0300
- Spatial analysis of transportation infrastructure distribution in Adamawa
State, Nigeria: A location quotient perspective Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 113-128 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e115392 Authors : Olufemi Anjorin : Transportation constitutes one of the pivotal systems crucial to the advancement of so-cioeconomic conditions. However, numerous communities, particularly in Nigeria, face a multitude of transportation challenges. The primary objective of this study is to examine the spatial arrangement of transportation facilities in Adamawa State, Nigeria, with the intention of identifying spatial-related challenges confronting the transportation sector and the socioeconomic development of the state. During the period spanning 2018 to 2019, an investigation into the spatial distribution pattern of transport facilities within the state was conducted. To gather data pertaining to the geographical concentration and developmental trajectory of the transportation system in the state, the ArcGIS 10.5 Length Calculation Module, Google Earth Pro, and questionnaire administration were employed. Data were subjected to inferential statistical analysis, results were tabulated, and maps were generated. The findings unveiled three distinct modes of transit, namely road, water, and air, with roads emerging as the most prominent option. Furthermore, the state exhibited a higher prevalence of paved (engineered but untarred) roads compared to tarred roads. Moreover, an analysis of the spatial pattern encompassing the state’s population and road network revealed that the length and density of tarred roads were greater in less populated Local Government Areas as opposed to the more populated ones. Ultimately, the road network pattern has yielded negative consequences for the state’s development. In light of these findings, the study puts forth recommendations that emphasize the urgent need to tar the numerous paved roads within the state in order to enhance connectivity with markets and other urban-centric facilities. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Tue, 4 Jun 2024 14:00:00 +0300
- Exploring the relationship between remote sensing-based vegetation indices
and land surface temperature through quantitative analysis Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 95-112 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e124098 Authors : Ibrahim Olatunji Raufu : In an era of rapid urbanization, understanding the complex relationship between vegeta-tion dynamics and land surface temperature (LST) is crucial for addressing the challeng-es posed by urban heat island (UHI) and promoting sustainable urban development. Our study aimed to explore these dynamics in a rapidly urbanizing environment by analyzing the relationships between remote sensing-based vegetation indices and LST through quantitative analysis. A cloud-free Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS level 2 satellite imagery of Ibadan region city for 2022 was obtained from the United State Geological Survey (USGS) and LST was estimated using the radiative transfer approach. Utilizing different combina-tions of spectral bands, seven vegetation indices including Normalized Difference Veg-etation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI), and Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI) were analyzed. Combined with the spatial distribution of LST in Ibadan, regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between vege-tation indices and LST. Results indicate that among the seven vegetation indices, ARVI has the strongest correlation with LST in the study area (R2 = 0.65). Additionally, urban cores experience lower vegetation density and higher LST values, which can be attribut-ed to land use intensity, anthropogenic heat release, and impervious surface cover while the peripheral areas exhibit higher vegetation indices and lower LST values. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of urban environmental dynamics and provide valuable insights for sustainable urban planning, ecosystem management, and climate adaptation strategies in rapidly urbanizing areas. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Tue, 28 May 2024 07:30:00 +030
- First records of a new Europe’s southernmost glacier found in
Southern Albania Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 75-94 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e120301 Authors : Emil Gachev, Erald Meshini, Simeon Matev, Martin Iliev, Georgi Gachev, Maria Gacheva : Several perennial snow and ice bodies have been recently studied and monitored in three mountain massifs across the Balkan Peninsula: Prokletije (Northern Albania), Durmitor (Montenegro) and Pirin (Bulgaria), the two glacierets in the Pirin Mountains until soon considered as southernmost of their kind in Europe. In September 2022 a relatively large snow field (about 1.5 ha) was discovered and described for a first time in the glacial cirque Gryka e Kazanit in the Nëmerçka Mountains of Southern Albania. The snow accumulation lies on 1550–1650 m a.s.l. below a vertical limestone cliff with a height of almost 1000 m. The site was visited again in November 2023, when the snow field diminished its size to less than 1 ha. At the same time, multi-annual firn layers were exposed under the last year snow, with depth at least several metres, and indications were observed of ice, buried in the debris cover below. Newest findings indicate that the studied snow-firn body is a glacieret similar to those found in the Pirin Mountains. On a longer-term, nine perennial snow/firm bodies on the Balkans resemble small glaciers rather than snow and ice patches at least under current climatic conditions. Situated on 40°08′ Northern latitude, the newly discovered Nemërçka Glacieret is nominated to be the southernmost glacier in Europe. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Thu, 23 May 2024 07:30:00 +030
- Morphometric characteristics of block streams: A case study of the
Vladayska River basin, Vitosha Mountain (Bulgaria) Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 65-74 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e119556 Authors : Petko Bozhkov : Block streams, also known as stone rivers, are common periglacial landforms in the alpine and subalpine zone of the Balkan Peninsula. These features are especially widely spread in the valleys, slopes and summit of Vitosha Mountain. The presented research aims to estimate the total area of block streams and perform morphometric analysis of these landforms within the basin of Vladayska River. Block streams are digitized man-ually from orthophotographs and topographic maps using GIS software. Morphometric parameters such as area, length, width, elongation ratio and mean elevation are calcu-lated or extracted from a digital elevation model for each polygon. A linear regression test was conducted to evaluate the relationship between morphometric properties. Results indicate a significant correlation between the area and perimeter (R2 = 0.93) and between the length and width (R2 = 0.94) of the block streams. Block streams are present in the elevation range between 1177 and 2244 m, covering a total area of 169.7 ha. The largest ones occupy the area of Zlatnite Mostove and Yurushki Most, as well as the vicinity of Cherni Vrah Peak. Their length varies from 5–6 m up to 2.2 km, while their width changes from a few meters up to 0.6–0.7 km. Comparisons between block streams from different sites within the catchment area yield new insights into the diver-sity of these landforms. Their dimensions and spatial distribution are key to understand-ing the processes of their formation and evolution. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Thu, 9 May 2024 06:30:00 +0300
- State of the surface waters in the Mesta River basin, after the
reclamation of the Eleshnitsa uranium deposit Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 53-64 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e114156 Authors : Nadezhda Nikolova : In the period from 1955 to 1992, uranium ore was mined and processed in the Mesta River basin around the village of Eleshnitsa, region of Razlog. The ore processing plant was built and a tailings storage facility was built next to it. In the period 2002–2006, the tailings storage was reclaimed, and in 2011–2012 the ore mines were also reclaimed. For the treatment of drainage water, a treatment plant was built in the valley of Valchoto Dere River, a left tributary of the Mesta River. The radiological monitoring carried out by the Basin Directorate “West Aegean Sea Region” reveals a generally good quality of the surface waters in terms of the content of uranium and radium (226Ra) outside the area of the former uranium mining and the tailings storage facility. In this area, in some years a high content of natural uranium was found, with concentrations from 0.54 to 67.40 mg/l on average per year. The values significantly exceed (by 1.8 to 224.6 times) the norm regulated in the regulation for radiation protection and safety from the liquidation of the consequences of uranium mining. The spread of uranium is limited to a small area shortly downstream from the sources of contamination, but the potential risk to the local ecosystem should not be neglected. Radium, in contrast to uranium, has concentrations below the permissible limits in the twelve years studied. Its content varied from 0.025 to 0.11 Bq/l on average annually. The results show that the Mesta River near the border with the Republic of Greece is not contaminated with the studied radionuclides. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 11:30:00 +0300
- Spatio-temporal distribution of renewable freshwater resources and their
availability in Kosovo—an analysis from the Eastern Region Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 35-52 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e115814 Authors : Valbon Bytyqi, Tropikë Agaj : The study aims to analyze the availability of renewable freshwater resources and their spatiotemporal distribution in the Eastern Region of Kosovo (ERK). As a crucible resource for agricultural, industrial, and commercial activities, water scarcity will lead to water shortages. Kosovo is a landlocked country, and ERK is the most important region for industrial activities (coal, mines) and agricultural use (plains). Located in continental climate conditions, surrounded by middle to high-altitude mountains, the region does not have a favorable spatio-temporal distribution of freshwaters. The determination of the water resources is based on the amount of surface runoff, which being divided per capita, gives indications of the water resources of a region (catchment). For our aims, main river discharge and population statistics are used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and availability of renewable freshwater in ERK. Falkenmark Freshwater Indicator with 1.483 m³/capita/year shows that ERK lies under water scarcity, and existing water reservoirs offer low security for water withdrawals, and further reservoirs would prevent water scarcity in the region. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Thu, 4 Apr 2024 11:30:00 +0300
- Migration and challenges arising from the Russian armed conflict in 2022:
The case of Zakarpattia Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 21-34 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e115315 Authors : Rossen Koroutchev : The current study delves into the contemporary challenges within the Zakarpattia region of Western Ukraine. It accomplishes this by examining the circumstances of the local populace and the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) hailing from Eastern Ukraine who arrived following the onset of the armed conflict in February 2022. Official statistics were employed to scrutinize the social and economic characteristics of the IDPs, as well as their influence on local development in Zakarpattia. These findings were then compared to the on-site research conducted by the author in the region during August 2023. The primary conclusions drawn from this research affirm the amelioration of the local economic status and job prospects in Zakarpattia as well as the adaptation of the IDPs to the new life in the region. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 07:30:00 +020
- Dimensions of employability in the hospitality industry at destination
level—the case of a spa destination in Bulgaria Abstract: Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50: 1-19 DOI : 10.3897/jbgs.e113933 Authors : Valentin Kotsakov, Vasil Marinov, Mariana Assenova, Rumen Minkovski : The paper presents the results from the application of the holistic approach to employability based on secondary data and a questionnaire survey of the human resources employed in the hotel and restaurant sector (198) and semi-structured interviews with tourism sector employers (11) in the municipality of Devin, Bulgaria. The results outline some of the dimensions of employability, existing problems of employability and their potential solutions. It is typical for the municipality of Devin that a large part of the local population in the region is directly dependent on tourism. This leads to relatively low staff turnover and high motivation to offer a quality tourism product. Respondents exhibit a high self-assessment of their own knowledge, skills and attitude in terms of development of tourism, but this does not correspond to the real situation given their activities to improve their own skills during the pandemic period closure. Recommendations are proposed for upgrading the qualification of staff at municipal and enterprise level. HTML XML PDF PubDate: Fri, 22 Mar 2024 11:00:00 +020
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