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- Measuring Physiological Responses to Visualizations of Urban Planning
Scenarios in Immersive Virtual Reality-
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Abstract: Stakeholder participation is an important component of modern urban planning processes. It can provide information about potential social conflicts related to specific urban planning scenarios. However, acquiring feedback from stakeholders is usually limited to explicit response types such as interviews or questionnaires. Such explicit response types are not suitable for the assessment of unconscious responses to specific parameters of an urban planning scenario. To address this limitation, we propose an approach for the assessment of affective and stress responses using implicit measures. Using a measure for electrodermal activity (EDA) and a virtual reality (VR)-based 3D urban model, we demonstrate how implicit physiological measurements can be visualized and temporally matched to specific parameters in an immersive representation of an urban planning scenario. Since this approach is supposed to support conventional stakeholder participation processes in urban planning, we designed it to be simple, cost-effective and with as little task interference as possible. Based on the additional insights gained from measuring physiological responses to urban planning scenarios, urban planners can further optimize planning scenarios by adjusting them to the derived implicitly expressed needs of stakeholders. To support simple implementation of the suggested approach, we provide sample scripts for visualization of EDA data. Limitations concerning the evaluation of raw EDA data and potentials for extending the described approach with additional physiological measures and real-time data evaluation are discussed.
PubDate: 2023-05-01
- An Exploratory Study of Models of Mobile Map User Experience
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Abstract: Several user studies have been conducted to evaluate the User Experience (UX) of thematic mobile maps, but models describing the results beyond point studies are still lacking. This article explored mathematical functions to predict the UX on the visualization types Choropleth Maps and Graduated Symbol Maps. Ten different Choropleth Maps and ten different Graduated Symbol Maps were utilized to conduct a user study, in which 30 participants solved information-gathering tasks on a mobile device. The data from the first 20 participants served as input to build 12 mathematical models on the accuracy, efficiency, perceived mental demand, perceived performance, perceived effort demanded and perceived frustration level for solving the given map tasks. The predictive performance of the models was then evaluated using data from the remaining ten participants and the predictions were within 30% of unseen empirical data. The models obtained are relevant to the design of adaptive and plastic geovisualizations on mobile devices.
PubDate: 2023-04-29
- Basic Geo-Spatial Data Literacy Education for Economic Applications
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Abstract: Geospatial data literacy is of paramount importance in an increasingly digital business world. Especially in economic decision-making processes, the ability to judge the trustworthiness of pertinent data sets is inevitable for reliable decisions. Thus, geospatial competencies need to supplement the university’s teaching syllabus of economic degree programmes. Even if these programmes already have a lot of content, it is worth adding geospatial topics to educate students as skilled young experts, being geospatially literate. This contribution shows an approach on how to sensitise students and teachers with an economics background to understand the origin of geospatial data sets, their specific nature, their quality and how to gain geospatial data sets with a particular focus on sustainable economics applications. It proposes a teaching approach for educating students on geospatial characteristics of data, making them aware of spatial reasoning and spatial thinking. Especially it is vital to give them an impression of the manipulating nature of maps and geospatial visualisations. The aim is to show them the power of geospatial data and map products for research in their specific thematic field. The presented teaching concept originates from an interdisciplinary data literacy course geared to students other than geospatial sciences. It incorporates elements of a flipped classroom and a self-learning tutorial. This paper shows and discusses the results of the implementation of the course. Positive exam results imply that the teaching concept provides a suitable way to impart geospatial competencies to students belonging other than geo-related subjects.
PubDate: 2023-04-06
- Abattoir Site Suitability Modeling Using a Geographic Information System
and Multi-Criteria Evaluation–A Case Study of Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia-
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Abstract: An abattoir is an essential urban plant that provides services to the community by slaughtering animals, examining, and certifying carcasses, and transporting them to butchers in a residential area hygienically. However, development activities, rapid population growth, and expansion of urban and industrial areas have caused abattoirs to face environmental hazards induced by some neighboring practices; this condition is often the same or worse within and nearby areas of some municipal abattoirs in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to model and identify the suitable locations with the utmost potential to contribute to the establishment of environmentally sound, socially acceptable, and economically feasible abattoirs in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. We applied an integrated modeling approach using an automated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Multi-Criteria evaluation (MCE) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria evaluation for suitable site identification and mapping was based on experts' references accompanied by 14 environmental and socioeconomic factors— topographic features (elevation and slopes), land use and land cover, wind direction, solar radiation, and proximity to roads, railways, industrial sites, social services, hydrowells, bus stations, high-tension lines, distance from the airport, and streams—adopted from literature and generated from open-source data. The abattoir suitability map was produced using a linear combination operation after individual factors were weighted and reclassified to a standard scale divided into four classes ranging from restricted to highly suitable. Based on the applied methods, the analysis results revealed that 14.33% of the area was highly suitable, 43.67% moderately to less suitable, and 42% restricted. Moreover, the optimal candidate site for abattoir development with good access to roads and railways covering an area of 1 km2 has been found in the northern part of the city. Hence, municipal planners and decision-makers can use the study's findings as a baseline for sustainable abattoir establishment while supporting future efforts to reduce the adverse environmental risks of abattoirs and meat-processing operations to surrounding communities.
PubDate: 2023-04-03
- Künstliche Intelligenz – Fluch oder Segen'
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PubDate: 2023-03-03
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-023-00133-x
- Crop Types Discrimination and Yield Prediction Using Sentinel-2 Data and
AquaCrop Model in Hazaribagh District, Jharkhand-
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Abstract: Mapping the spatial distribution of crops and predicting yields are crucial for food security measures and management. Remote sensing imagery obtained from different satellite sensors has different crop identification capability owing to the different spatial and spectral resolutions. This study aims to discriminate the major crop types and to estimate the corresponding acreage in Hazaribagh district during Rabi season 2018–2019 using a multispectral satellite image of Sentinel-2B with 10 m of spatial resolution. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm was deployed for land use land cover classification and crop types mapping. The accuracy assessment for crop types showed a satisfactory overall accuracy and kappa coefficient as ~ 87.36% and 0.81, respectively. Three crops were broadly identified, namely wheat, mustard, and other Rabi crops, and their corresponding acreages were estimated as ~ 39.8, 10.7, and 70.5 km2, respectively. Furthermore, wheat and mustard yields were predicted as ~ 1.75 and 0.74 ton/ha, respectively using a regression-based yield model. These estimated yields were quite close to reported crop statistics with a mean yield of 1.7 (for wheat) and 0.6 (for mustard) ton/ha. AquaCrop model was also used to simulate the wheat yield during the Rabi season 2018–2019, and the mean yield was simulated as ~ 1.92 ton/ha. The simulated yield from the AquaCrop model was comparable with the regression-based estimates (i.e., 1.75 ton/ha) and also with the historical crop statistics (i.e., 1.70 ton/ha) of the Hazaribagh district. This comprehensive study concluded that the Sentinel-2B satellite data have the capabilities to discriminate the heterogeneous land cover features and crop types with considerable classification accuracy. The AquaCrop model is also beneficial for predicting yields and this information can be useful for agriculture policymakers.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-021-00073-4
- Benötigen wir in den 2030er Jahren noch die Kartographie'
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PubDate: 2023-03-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-023-00132-y
- Visuelle Kommunikation von Fahrradrouten mittels kartographischer
Symbolisierung-
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Abstract: With the increasing promotion of sustainable forms of mobility in the context of the traffic policies, bicycles represent an environmentally friendly alternative to motorized private transport This especially accounts for coping with inner-city routes. However, in contrast to car drivers, the perceived riding comfort and safety of cyclists strongly depends on route characteristics, such as surface conditions or traffic infrastructure. However, currently available bicycle navigation systems hardly consider these factors relevant for the route choice of cyclists, and the visualization is often limited to a simple highlighting of the recommended route. Therefore, this article investigates the appropriateness of different cartographic representations of bicycle routes for the visual communication of route characteristics, such as type of terrain, terrain roughness, terrain gradient, and interruptions. A user survey is conducted to assess the effectiveness, attractiveness, appropriateness, and dispensability of a legend of the various display options for the different route features. The results of the survey indicate that many of the proposed visualization variants are appropriate for the visual communication of bicycle routes. This concerns in particular color representations as well as representations using symbols. However, with respect to the bicycle route features tested, the most appropriate representation heavily depends on the information being communicated. The findings of this study should contribute to the development of route visualizations that are specifically tailored to the needs of cyclists and thus support developers of bicycle navigation systems in making design decisions.
PubDate: 2023-02-27
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00130-6
- A Holistic Workflow for Semi-automated Object Extraction from Large-Scale
Historical Maps-
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Abstract: The extraction of objects from large-scale historical maps has been examined in several studies. With the aim to research urban changes over time, semi-automated and transferable holistic approaches remain to be investigated. We apply a combination of object-based image analysis and vectorization methods on three different historical maps. By further matching and georeferencing an appropriate current geodataset, we provide a concept for analyzing and comparing those valuable sources from the past. With minor adjustments, our end-to-end workflow was transferable to other large-scale maps. The findings revealed that the extraction and spatial assignment of objects, such as buildings or roads, enable the comparison of maps from different times and form a basis for further historical analysis. Performing an affine transformation between the datasets, an absolute offset of no more than 72 m was achieved. The outcomes of this paper, therefore, facilitate the daily work of urban researchers or historians. However, it should be emphasized that specific knowledge is required for the presented subjective methodology.
PubDate: 2023-02-10
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-023-00131-z
- Modelling the Impact of Changing Climate on Sediment Yield in a
Data-Scarce High-Elevation Catchment in NW Himalayas-
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Abstract: This study's objectives include simulating and quantifying the sediment production from a data-scarce north-western Himalayan Lidder river basin using the SWAT model and providing baseline data and projections of future changes in the sediment yield in response to climate change. The model performed well for monthly streamflow simulation based on R2 and NSE values of 0.72 and 0.85, respectively, for calibration and R2 of 0.8 and NSE of 0.6 for validation. For simulation of future sediment yield, the future climate in the basin was projected using bias-adjusted RCM Cordex data with a geographical resolution of 0.44° under the medium (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emission scenarios. Assessment of climate change on sediment yield is determined for three time zones early (2010–2039), mid (20,140–2069) and late century (2070–2099). Climate change is having a significant influence on water resources. The observed average annual precipitation shows a decreasing trend from 1262 to 934 mm for the late century. Precipitation is expected to decrease by 11.98–14.59% for RCP 4.5 and 3.54–9.75% for RCP 8.5. The maximum and minimum temperature has shown an increasing trend under both RCPs with a higher increase in RCP 8.5. The maximum temperature is anticipated to increase by 1.69–3.97 °C for RCP 4.5 and 1.87–7.02 °C for RCP 8.5. Likewise, the minimum temperature is expected to increase by 1.79–3.87 °C for RCP 4.5 and 1.97–7.09 °C for RCP 8.5. The findings show that future sediment yield is anticipated to decline at all stations for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with a greater decline in RCP 4.5, demonstrating that precipitation significantly affects sediment yield generation in the basin.
PubDate: 2023-02-08
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00128-0
- Symbolism of Compass Roses on Early Modern Nautical Charts of the Adriatic
Sea-
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Abstract: This qualitative analysis of symbolic elements in nautical cartography aims to provide an interdisciplinary insight into some aspects of early modern cartographic representations of the Adriatic Sea. The nautical charts were supplemented with compass roses, a graphic structure that facilitates orientation and correlates with rhumb lines. The research objective focusses primarily on the variety of signs for the cardinal directions north and east, additionally considering some rare but innovative and avant-garde pragmatic uses of compass roses to indicate magnetic declination. On the majority of the selected nautical charts, most of which were created in Mediterranean and Western European cultural centres, decorative elements such as the fleur-de-lis and the cross were used in compass roses to determine the cardinal points. The compass roses of these nautical charts often served as symbolic evidence of the social and economic belonging of the Adriatic to the European part of the Mediterranean geographical system, as well as to the Christian sphere of tradition and influence. The study has thus proved the existence of significant symbolic communication capacity of a compass rose, which was not only a utilitarian but also an artistic element.
PubDate: 2023-02-03
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00129-z
- “Sponge Maps”: Using the Concept of Value by Area Maps for Avoiding
the Area Size Bias in Choropleth Maps-
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Abstract: A well-known problem with choropleth maps is the cognitively induced effect that larger regions are perceived as more dominant. Consequently, unsatisfactory detection rates for small areas can result, which becomes relevant when important spatial features or patterns are explored (e.g., regions with maximum values). One possible approach to avoiding the area size bias is the use of cartograms. While there is already some work on Equal Are Unit Maps, little or no research has been done on the possibility of applying the concept of Value By Area Maps to transform the reference area maps. One goal of this article is to introduce the concept of so-called “Sponge Maps”, which distort the base maps independently of thematic attributes, but depending on the need to show or emphasize certain areas of interest. The second goal of the article is to answer the overall research question whether Sponge Maps actually reduce the area size bias and improve the detectability of maximum value regions. A user study was able to verify the effectiveness of the Sponge Map approach in particular. However, it also became clear that not only the area size bias plays a role in the detection of important regions—dependencies on the absolute position (top-down bias), compactness or conspicuous shape (shape bias), the familiarity (awareness bias), the color intensity (darkness bias) and not least by the distortions in the Sponge Maps as such (distortion bias) are shown. Furthermore, special aspects of detecting minimum value regions are revealed (including the so-called inverse area size bias).
PubDate: 2023-01-11
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00127-1
- Wann und wo treffen wir uns demnächst'
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PubDate: 2023-01-09
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00125-3
- 23
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PubDate: 2022-12-17
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00126-2
- Anamorphic Visualization of the Space-Time-Paradigm by Geodetic Network
Adjustment-
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Abstract: The steadily increasing urbanization results in a continuous areal expansion of urban agglomerations and generates the need for effective intra- and inter-urban mobility. In fact, travel time plays the key role for daily commuters, not necessarily the distance between residence and work. Thus, the space-time-ratio is a quality measure for the respective traffic network. This study explores the spatio-temporal distance ratio between 97 German cities along the current road and railroad infrastructure by the help of geodetic network adjustment methods. The method bases on a highly dynamic network of 9312 connections and estimates new locations for the cities with respect to their geographic location and the required travel time. Cartographic design methods are applied to generate a non-central spatio-temporal cartogram. The resulting anamorphic map clearly denotes urban agglomerations with outstanding transport infrastructure, but also cities that are not adequately integrated in the national mobility network. This approach provides insight information with a high impact on future transport infrastructure planning.
PubDate: 2022-12-10
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00124-4
- Cultural Heritage with the Use of Low-Level Aerial Survey Techniques,
Space Modelling and Multimedia Reconstruction of the Topographic Landscape
(Example of a Windmill in Western Poland)-
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Abstract: Technological advancement of the last decades allowed one to develop the process of documentation and popularize the cultural heritage in the form of spatial objects and structures by means of reality modelling. The main goal of the article was to develop a methodology based on the compilation of activities in the field of acquisition (UAV), processing (Metashape and SkechUp), and publication (YouTube) of the data for the purpose of documentation and promotion of topographic cultural heritage objects recorded on nineteenth century maps (pre-industrial landscape). The research was carried out on a windmill located in Kamionka (Poland). It is located in the region of Wielkopolska (Witkowo borough), the cultural landscape of which, despite the progressive industrialization in the nineteenth century, has been shaped mainly by the agricultural land use. The most important results obtained at subsequent stages of the work were finally presented in the form of a short film. This type of presentation based on the use of multimedia is a comprehensive form of sharing research results. YouTube, as the leading medium for publishing audiovisual content, is one of the best places to share research results related to the promotion of cultural heritage.
PubDate: 2022-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00122-6
- Geospatial Big Data Platforms: A Comprehensive Review
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Abstract: Over the past decade, big data incorporating a spatial component “GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA” has become a global focus, increasingly attracting the attention of academia, industry, government and other organizations. The possibility of managing and processing geospatial big data to help decision-making therefore appears to be an important scientific and societal issue. But it is difficult to store, manage, process, analyze, visualize and extract useful information from geospatial big data using traditional approaches on local machines. In this article, a survey of geospatial big data platforms was conducted. In this context, several studies of the literature have been evaluated in terms of the different technologies and the main platforms for processing geospatial big data. This article is intended to guide researchers working on geospatial big data applications.
PubDate: 2022-09-16
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00121-7
- Cartographic Representations of Coastal Land Loss in Louisiana: An
Investigation Based on Deviant Cartographies-
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Abstract: The claim of topographic cartography to represent things of relevance and at the same time of certain permanent material persistence is challenged by the processes of coastal land loss in Louisiana. This example is used to discuss central points of critical cartography, such as a positivist worldview of cartography, its state-boundedness, and the construction of relevance. These aspects are taken (meta-functionally) as the occasion for reflection and further development of cartography in the sense of post-critical cartography sensitive to hybridities, complexities and contingencies. In doing so, we draw on reflections on deviant cartographies that foreground the consideration of whether changes in cartography have proven professionally or socially useful, suitable, and usable, without resorting to the notion of a comprehensive paradigm shift. The need is particularly evident in the case of land loss in Louisiana, where there is a constantly changing physical space that hardly allows for the construction of a clear dividing line between land and water areas, as is also evident from the analysis of historical and current maps that reflect topographies.
PubDate: 2022-08-24
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00120-8
- Flood Modeling and Simulation Using HEC-HMS/HEC-GeoHMS and GIS Tools for
River Sindh-NW Himalayas-
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Abstract: The Sindh River is one of the most important water sources in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is the chief Jhelum tributary flowing in the Kashmir Valley, with a significant impact to the country’s economy, production of hydroelectric power and irrigation for farming. This study aims to access the applicability, competence and aptness of Hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) for forecasting flood in the River Sindh of Kashmir Valley, India. HEC-GeoHMS which is an extension ArcView GIS tool was used for processing digital elevation model (DEM) by terrain pre-processing, and basin processing. Historical observed data (1992–2018), collected from irrigation and flood control department Kashmir, was used for calibration and validation of model. Four peak flow years were selected for calibration (1995 and 1998) and validation (2014 and 2017). The competence of the model was assessed by relating the observed data with the simulation data of the chosen flood occasions. Performance indicator values, i.e., (Peak flow) Percentage error in Peak Flow (PEPF), Model Efficiency (ME), and correlation coefficient (R2)were all within the acceptable range. The efficiency of the calibrated and validated training model is 0.94–0.95, and 0.96–0.98, respectively, which is acceptable. Also, a strong relation was found between observed and simulated values of peak discharge with R2 ranging between 0.95–0.98 for calibration and validation periods. The overall result shows interest in applying a hydrological model for flood risk assessment of Sindh River, where the peak discharge simulation results are consistent with historical observation data.
PubDate: 2022-08-20
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00116-4
- Mercator's Geometric Method in the Construction of His Projection from
1569-
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Abstract: The geometric method Mercator used to construct his projection from 1569 was reconstructed. Modern mathematical means are required for the computational creation of Mercator’s projection. It could be proven that Mercator worked out his projection exclusively with compass and linear. The methodological principles established by Ptolemy were used and further developed by Mercator. However, he did not describe his method and so an enigma of Mercator projection emerged.
PubDate: 2022-07-18
DOI: 10.1007/s42489-022-00115-5
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