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- The Impact of the Polish Renewable Energy Sector on Employment
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: This study analyses employment in the renewable energy sector. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of obtaining energy from renewable sources on the labor market in Poland.Materials and methods: This study is based on secondary data from the Central Statistical Office, Eurostat, and EurObserv’ER. During the literature review, research papers on the labor market, published in Poland and internationally, were examined. The analyzed data was processed using an Excel 2007 spreadsheet. The number of people employed in relation to 1,000 toe of primary energy obtained in individual RES industries was the measure of the impact of the RES sector on employment. The results of the present research were presented using descriptive, graphical and tabular methods.Results: In Poland, the use of renewable energy sources between 2010 and 2020 doubled, from 6,892 ktoe to 12,518 ktoe, and is projected to further double by 2030 compared to 2020.It is generally agreed that obtaining energy from renewable sources has a significant positive impact on the labor market. In the period of analysis, the number of individuals employed in the RES sector increased from 36.8 thousand to 110.8 thousand. The highest labor intensity was reported for the RES sectors of solar power, heat pumps, and liquid biofuels.Conclusions: I f t he r enewable energy sector continues t o develop a s projected, t he demand for employees in this industry will more than double by 2030.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Digital Methods of Working time Management in a Flexible Labor Market
Abstract: Subject and purpose of the work: Working time management has become particularly relevant by mid-20th century. It has now become one of the top areas of interest for scientists who conduct research on management. This study is designed to review and evaluate selected new forms of work organization in the reality of today’s digital economy.Materials and methods: This research was based on literature review covering scientific publications exploring working time management and forms of work organization in the digital economy. A descriptive method was used.Results: The latest information technologies, computerization and digitization, the use of mobile devices and smartphones, and advanced geolocation technologies add a new dimension to the modern types and methods of working time management. The development of the digital economy accelerates and drives the transformation of the labor market, promoting the uptake of flexible employment systems, which produces multiple types of remuneration and working time systems, and leads to a variety of forms of employment contracts and their reduced duration.Conclusions: Digital technology creates a virtual labor market which is dominated by informal and flexible forms of employment based on outsourcing programs, individual orders, and fixed deadlines with are not accompanied by any regulations of the contractor’s working time. Under these conditions, flexibility and multifunctionality, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions are the key features that make a particular employee competitive.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- A Social Enterprise Within the Meaning of the Social Economy Act in the
Context of Economic Theory and Practice
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: This study explores the characteristics of a social enterprise as laid down in the relevant act currently in force, and analyzes how the tendencies to normatively define a social enterprise have changed over the years with subsequent amendments and modifications of the applicable draft laws.Materials and methods: The study is based on draft laws that concern social enterprises from respective years, as well as specialist literature concerning social entrepreneurship. A selective analysis of the market practice of social enterprises operating in Poland was also carried out.Results: There is a clear discrepancy between and restriction of the definitions of a social enterprise provided in the Social Economy Act, as revealed in the analysis of the act itself, its drafting process and subsequent amendments, and taking into account the perspective of social enterprises as described in the relevant literature, as well as the activities of enterprises pursuing social goals.Conclusions: On the one hand, the current definition of a social enterprise organizes this concept for administrative purposes, but on the other hand, it does not cover all entities having a real impact on social development.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Marketing Costs and Price Spread for Selected Fruit Crops in Haryana
State: A Study of Selected Districts
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to analyse the existing marketing system along with marketing channels, costs, margins, and marketing efficiency.Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the districts of Sirsa, Sonipat and Yamuna Nagar in Haryana during the year 2020–21. The study was based on primary data collected from a field survey with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. A simple tabulated method, price spread, and market efficiency analyses were employed.Results: The study revealed that the producer share in terms of consumer rupees is the highest in Channel VI, followed by Channels IV, V and II. Channel VI is the most efficient channel due to the absence of intermediaries. Channel I is the least efficient due to the greatest number of intermediaries present in this channel.Conclusions: The study has suggested that the government should regulate the fruit trade so that the involvement of mediators in the fruit market may be reduced. Cold storage should be provided at a reasonable price. The government should provide transportation facilities (refrigerated lorries) for fruit products at a reasonable cost.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Consumers’ Preferences as to Product Delivery Methods on the
E-Commerce Market
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: The article’s goal was to discuss consumers’ preferences as to product delivery methods on the e-commerce market. Detailed goals were to identify the delivery methods chosen most often, and to indicate factors determining such decisions and their associations with selected variables.Materials and methods: An on-line questionnaire survey was conducted among 302 respondents. The questionnaire served as a measurement tool. Associations between variables were studied in a series of analyses employing Pearson’s χ2 tests, and comparative analysis was made using Mann- Whitney U tests.Results: InPost parcel lockers proved to be the most popular method to deliver products purchased online. Among the factors determining the choice of the delivery method, those valued most included delivery price, parcel collection flexibility, and no need to wait for a courier at home. Statistical associations were noted between the place of residence and frequency of online shopping, and the delivery methods chosen most often.Conclusions: The study results are useful for companies offering deliveries on the e-commerce market. They provide valuable information concerning popularity of particular methods, as well as factors determining decisions to choose various delivery methods on the e-commerce market.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- A Review Of The Book “The Application Of The Analogy Method In The
Search For Common Areas Of Cognition In Biology And Economics” By
Wiesław Musiał And Kamila Musiał. The Publishing House Of The
University Of Agriculture In Krakow, 2021, 215 Pp
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Investment Financing from EU Funds as a Factor of Local Development on the
Example of the Włodawa Town and the Włodawa Commune
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: The subject-matter of this paper are local government investments and their role in local development. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the use of EU funds for the implementation of local investments on the example of the Włodawa town and the Włodawa rural commune. Investments are evaluated in the context of development strategies being pursued for these units.Materials and methods: The paper is based on the literature of the subject of research and our own surveys among randomly chosen inhabitants.Results: This paper specifies the role of local government investments in local development and presents an outline of the development of the Włodawa town, the current state of the town and the commune and an outline of the strategy of development of these units. We have analysed investments carried out with the support of EU funds in the years 2007–2014 and 2014–2020. The co-operation between governments of the town and the commune in the pursuit of investments has been evaluated, too. In the opinion of inhabitants, governments of the town and the commune used EU funds quite efficiently in development projects. The important role of these funds in the pursuit of investments regarding the repair and construction of roads, the revitalisation of cultural facilities and recreation, has been confirmed.Conclusions: The need for the further support of investments within the scope of the labour market, social infrastructure and tourism.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- The Role of International Internships in the Vocational Education of
Technical Secondary School Students
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: This study focuses on vocational education. It explores the role of international internships in the vocational education of the students of technical secondary schools.Materials and Methods: This study is based on a survey conducted on a sample of 77 students participating in international internships. The survey covered all students of the Technical and Vocational Schools Complex in Suwałki attending vocational internships in Italy.Results: The analysis validated the hypothesis that international internships improve the practical skills of secondary school students and contribute to the development of practical skills and social competences in the international context.Conclusions: The surveyed students declared they were satisfied with their vocational internships and were happy to attend them. They believed that the experience gained in an international environment would definitely have a positive impact on their future career. During the internship, they improved not only the skills specific to their field of expertise, but also their personal and social competences, as well as foreign language skills, specifically in terms of technical vocabulary.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Constraints in the Functioning of Primary Agricultural Cooperative
Societies in Haryana State, India
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: T he s tudy a ims t o identify t he constraints in t he f unctioning of PACS in Haryana, India.Materials and methods: The study was based on primary data collected from nine PACS managers through schedule. The purposive sampling technique was employed for the selection of PACS. The percentage was used for data analysis. The data were collected in the second quarter of 2022.Results: The study found that 100 % of PACS managers regarded lack of adequate funds, a low level of deposits, and increased day-to-day government intervention as constraints in the functioning of PACS. Subsequently, the respondents mentioned inability to mobilise resources (77.77%), lack of managerial skills (77.77%), lack of trained staff (55.55%), improper channel of recovery system (44.44%), untimely repayment and poor recovery percentage of the loan (44.44%), political interference (33.33%), difficulties due to low educational level of borrowers (22.22%), and uncooperative attitude of borrowers (11.11%).Conclusions: Main constraints in the functioning of PACS are lack of adequate funds, a low level of deposits, increased day-to-day government intervention, inability to mobilise resources, and lack of managerial skills.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Borrowing and Repayment Hardships: Evidences from Farmers in Haryana
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: The paper focuses on the problems faced by farmers in obtaining and repaying loans from institutional and non-institutional sources.Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Haryana state, India. It was based on a field survey involving 600 farmers. Proportionate sampling technique was employed and pre-tested schedules were filled during vis-a-vis interviews.Results: T he f indings o f t he s tudy h ighlight m ain p roblems f aced b y f armers i n a cquiring a nd repaying loans. They include: no loan without security, ambiguous terms and conditions, the time-consuming procedure of granting loans, not farmer friendly bank officials, and the request for bribes. In the case of non-institutional sources, main problems include: lack of security, deterioration of social status, and hesitation in mortgaging agricultural land. Furthermore, low price of agricultural produce, crop failure, and the high-interest rates charged by non-institutional sources were major constraints in the timely repayment of loan amounts.Conclusions: Several constraints existed in granting loans to farmers. Government should support and provide hassle free loans to farmers.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Water Accessibility Challenges, and Implications on Children in Rural
Border Communities of Oyo-Kwara State, Nigeria
Abstract: Subject and purpose of the work: This study examined water accessibility challenges, and the implications on children in rural border communities of Nigeria.Materials and methods: Primary data were used, and children (5-16 years) were respondents to the interview and questionnaire.Results: The study revealed there were more male children (58%) than female children (42%) and many of them were in the age bracket 11–15 years with about (53.9%) of them without formal education. The results further revealed that 69.9% of the respondents indicated that their major source of water is a stream and river. Also, the majority of the respondents (71%) trek long distances and (82.9%) spend more than 30 minutes travelling to collect water in distant villages especially during the dry season. This situation usually takes them away from their education and even affect their school attendance.Conclusions: The study recommended the need for the equitable provision of an improved water supply and ensure children are secured in collecting water for their households.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Review of the Report Entitled: The Impact of the European Green Deal on
Polish Agriculture, Gradziuk, P.; Matyka, M.; Poczta, W.; Czerniak, A.;
Czubak, W.; Jończyk, K.; Kopiński, J.; Kozyra, J.; Pawlak, K.; Sadowski,
A.; Siebielec, G.; Stalenga, J.; Wawer, R.; Zawalińska, K.; Berbeć, A.;
Krupin, V.; Madej, A.; Skowron, P.; Jendrzejewski, B.; Komisarek, D.;
Łopatka, A.; Wojciechowska, A.; Klepacki, B.; Wrzaszcz, W.; Gradziuk, K.;
Trocewicz, A. Reports Of Polityka Insight 2021. Polityka Insight Sp. Z
O.O. Warsaw. DOI: 10.13140/Rg.2.2.35624.49922/1, 233 PP
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Pricing Strategies in the Revenue Management System of Hotel Enterprises
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: Substantiation of the principles of formation of the pricing policy of hotel enterprises while considering the segmentation of the client base, existing patterns and pricing strategies according to revenue management system.Materials and methods: the material of the article is based on the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the pricing strategy in the system of management of hotel enterprises. Scientific articles and practical recommendations of revenue managers were used, on the basis of which the principles of pricing hotel services were summarized, depending on the preferences and requirements of various consumer segments.Results: It has been established that when using certain strategies, it is necessary to systematize how and when hotel services are booked by representatives of the main market segments, as well as to correctly assess the elasticity of their demand.Conclusions: Revenue management from the sale of hotel services involves the use of flexible prices for the same type of revenue, the value of prices are determined depending on the period of sale of this product until the product becomes unusable. This premise implies the need to develop an appropriate tariff policy and define certain volumes of these services.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- The Effect of Gender-Based Division of Labor on Women's Lives: Domestic
Practices of Female Academics
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: This study was designed in order to examine domestic practices of local female academics and to determine to what extent and how these practices affect business life.Materials and methods: In the research phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group of the research consisted of 20 female faculty members from Turkey.Results: Within the scope of the research, it was concluded that female academics, like other women in the society, undertake a series of gender role-based responsibilities.Conclusions: The results of the research reveal that even women who belong to a profession that requires a high level of education and shows a status in the society, such as academics, take on more responsibilities in home life than their male colleagues. This result also proves that education and status factors are not sufficient to invalidate gender roles and social patriarchy.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Comparison of the Return on Investment of Two Energy Production Companies
in Hungary Using Different Biomass-Based Technologies
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: Using renewable organic material for energy generation exhibits an increasing trend globally, also in Hungary. The aim of the Renewable Energy Action Plan of the European Union is to increase the share of energy production from renewable resources to 32% by 2030. At present, renewable energy sources represent 10.2% of Hungary’s primary energy consumption.Materials and methods: This study has examined the financial feasibility of two companies in Kunság region in Hungary that participate in the renewable energy production market with different types of technologies, that of a biogas facility and a short rotation energy forest plantation. As financial incentives for the establishment and propagation of bioenergy producing enterprises are offered both in the EU and Hungary, calculations are presented both with and without subsidies.Results: The results show that regardless of the production method, without subsidies, none of the businesses could make a profit in the period under review.Conclusions: The main reasons behind unprofitable operations are the initial high capital outlay, high logistics costs, immature technological solutions and suppressed purchasing prices.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Cultural Heritage of Kashubia in the Opinion of Tourists
Abstract: Subject and aim of the study: The aim of the article was to present selected tangible and intangible elements of Kashubian culture and to present the results of a survey aimed at finding out tourists’ opinions on the influence of cultural heritage on the perception of the Kashubian region.Materials and methods: The research was conducted in April 2021 by means of a diagnostic poll method using a questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted among 254 respondents. During the survey, purposive sampling was used; the participants were domestic tourists who visited Kashubia at least once.Results: The survey made it possible to assess the recognisability of the components of Kashubian culture and to find out the respondents’ opinion on the perception of its individual elements.Conclusions: The study found a very good impact of cultural heritage on the respondents’ perception of the Kashubian region, which can be the basis for creating various cultural tourism products.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Green Bonds as an Opportunity to Rationalise Local-Government Finances
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study was to identify the areas of activity of the local authorities in the context of the implementation of public tasks that could be financed with funds from the issue of the so-called green bonds.Materials and methods: T he m ain r esearch method w as c ritical a nalysis of documents (using document of a normative nature and of various ranks) and the literature on broadly defined public finance and financial market issues. The individual case method, as well as inductive and deductive reasoning were also supportive in achieving the purpose of the study.Results: The study presents areas related to the provision of public services and identifies those of them which represent negative environmental impact. The identified characteristics of public task entities included provide the premise for answering the question: will an instrument such as the ‘green bonds’ constitute a secure source of funding' The study shows the evolution of legislative changes relevant to the implementation of environmentally sustainable projects while presenting the benefits of their implementation.Conclusions: The conclusions indicate the benefits of financing investments with funds from the issue of ‘green bonds’ for the budget of the local authority, the issuer and the bondholders.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Manifestations of Sustainable Development in China: Based on Policy Study
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: This article aims to better understand China’s actions and challenges encountered in sustainable development due to the COVID-19 crisis, economic difficulties, and the war between Russia and Ukraine. It also aims to provide valuable recommendations for China or other countries concerning future sustainable development work.Materials and methods: We reviewed extensive literature and made a policy content analysis as the research methodology.Results: We concluded that China has put emphasis on sustainable development since ancient times. China has made notable progress in sustainable development both domestically inside China and worldwide. However, China also faces challenges related to sustainable development within China itself.Conclusions: Although China has launched effective policies that have received positive feedback, there is still a long way to go to achieve truly sustainable development. We suggest that all countries, regions, and individuals take a joint action in order to achieve a sustainable planet for us and future generations.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Green Economic Development as the Framework for Green Finance and Green
Investment
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: This study aims to analyse the main elements of the green economic development as a framework for green finance and green investment. The analysis spurs from the underlying notion that green economics is inherently a normative framework and a school of thought development of the neo-classical economic thinking with conceptual assumptions, deficiencies, and contradictions, beginning to set out the roots, aims and philosophical principles.Materials and methods: The methods used are the analytical and descriptive ones based on the critical literature review and an experiential reflective attitude on the key issues concerning the variables of green economic development, green finance, and green investment.Conclusions: It is concluded that the implementation of green economy activities have many obstacles to face. The inadequate funding and the institutional support in collaborations and coordination practices are the most crucial.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Does Demonetisation in India Achieve its Objectives'
Abstract: Subject and purpose of work: T he d emonetisation e xercise i n I ndia a imed t o t ackle t he problems of black money, fake currency, corruption, and terror funding. The drying-up of cash due to demonetisation initially led to a significant increase in digital payment methods. However, large underprivileged informal Indians still prefer cash for their daily needs. The restoration of currency in circulation and increasing cash–to–GDP ratio in the following years questioned the success of digitalisation. Demonetisation has been noted to increase the tax base, tax collection and taxpayers. But this does not compensate for the negative impacts of demonetisation on the economy. Therefore, this paper tries to answer the question whether all of the stated goals will be achieved.Materials and methods: For the purpose of analysis, secondary data were drawn from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).Results: The study found that, except in certain areas, demonetisation has failed to achieve its claimed key objectives. Only minimal short-term gains have resulted from demonetisation and at the same time, it wreaked havoc and harmed the economy.Conclusions: The efficiency of demonetisation as a strategy for combating black money is still up for dispute. If the government had done its homework before executing demonetisation, all of the mayhem could have been avoided. It was a badly thought-out, poorly planned, poorly implemented, and disastrously executed.
PubDate: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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