This research delves into the critical issue of renewable energy integration as an alternative power source in Dhaka city, a metropolis of over 21 million people grappling with a burgeoning energy demand. Through qualitative interviews involving 40 participants from various sectors, including policymakers, renewable energy experts, energy companies, and community representatives, this study assesses the feasibility, challenges, and potential solutions for transitioning to renewable energy. The research elucidates a varied understanding of renewable energy sources, with solar and wind being the most recognized. Notably, electricity and natural gas dominate as primary energy sources, reflecting the present energy landscape. Conspicuously, coal’s absence underscores Bangladesh’s energy context. Challenges such as elevated installation costs, infrastructural limitations, and awareness gaps are identified as barriers to widescale adoption. The study advances actionable strategies including regulatory frameworks, financial incentives, and public awareness campaigns. Participants emphasize the pivotal roles of government policy, private sector engagement, and civil society collaboration. Additionally, the study underscores the multi-faceted benefits of renewables, ranging from environmental advantages like reduced carbon emissions to socio-economic gains like job creation. As Dhaka seeks sustainable solutions to its energy conundrum, this research presents a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders, charting a course towards a greener, more resilient, and energy-secure future.

Remote sensing is very important for conservation and biodiversity research and applications. For instance, it can be used for monitoring changes in ecosystems. Objective: The objective of this paper was to analyze the change in the forest landscape of Mikembo Sanctuary between 2002 and 2022 using satellite imagery. Method: Supervised classification by maximum likelihood algorithm was performed and helped to differentiate 3 land use classes. Results: The cartographic and statistical analysis show that land use dynamics of the study area are dominated by an increase in forest and a reduction in bare soil. The forest increases with 0.78 km2 (18.04% of the study area) and therefore had a rate of change of more than 32.25%. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that the Miombo woodland, specially Mikembo Sanctuary is capable of regenerating naturally or by assisted means. Encouraging people for using alternative solutions is necessary to ensure the sustainable forest management and utilization.

The natural environment of the Tai’an section of the Yellow River Basin is complex and diverse, the land use function and structure have distinct regional and cultural characteristics. This article is based on literature review, field research and remote sensing image interpretation to construct an analysis variable database. Based on models such as land use dynamics and transfer matrix, the spatiotemporal differentiation and variation characteristics in this area are analyzed. Discovery: ①As a representative area with significant natural background characteristics of “mountain water field”, forest land, cultivated land, and water bodies constitute the main matrix and corridor of land use. ②Over time, the distribution and composition of the spatial distribution in the Tai’an section of the Yellow River Basin have undergone significant changes. The proportion of arable land, forest land and grassland areas to the total land use area has decreased overall, the proportion of building land, water bodies, and unused land has increased. Over 20s, the spatial distribution structure and composition in the study area have undergone significant changes. ③Between 2000 and 2020, cultivated land and construction land constituted the main body and background of land use conversion in this area. This study can provide reference for promoting the coordinated development in the Tai’an section of the Yellow River Basin.

Malaria is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. The list of human and zoonotic malaria vectors in Malaysia is being updated in this scoping review. Search were conducted at four electronic bases. Title, abstract, and full-text reviews were used to determine which studies were eligible for further assessment. A total of 631 papers were identified until June 2021, yielded to 30 studies were reviewed. Human malaria vectors in Malaysia are identified as Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles balabacensis, Anopheles donaldi, Anopheles campestris and Anopheles flavirostris. Vector for zoonotic malaria are Anopheles balabacensis, Anopheles introlatus, Anopheles cracens, Anopheles letifer, Anopheles donaldi, Anopheles hackeri, Anopheles latens, Anopheles collesi and Anopheles roperi. On the other hand, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles kochi and Anopheles pujutensis are recognized as the potential malaria vectors. In order to implement effective mosquito control measures, it is crucial to comprehend and be knowledgeable about malaria vector profile. This will help stakeholder to develop and establish holistic and efficient strategy framework for integrated vector management (IVM) and develop new strategies for the elimination of malaria based on available evidence.

This study assessed the floristics, carbon stock and sequestration ability of an encroached forest in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. Ten plots within the forest were chosen and ten belt transects were established. Trees species were identified in each plot. Litter boxes were placed in each plot at 10 m for litter collection. Soils were collected from the plots at different depths. AGB (aboveground biomass), BGB (belowground biomass), AGC (aboveground carbon) and BGC (belowground carbon) were calculated using appropriate allometric equations. Twenty-two woody species were present in the forest. The values for AGB, AGC, BGM and BGC were 119.31 Mg ha-1, 59.65 Mg C.ha-1, 24.46 Mg ha-1 and 12.23 Mg C.ha-1, each. The total carbon stock (TCS) and biomass in the litter were 9.37 MgCha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1, respectively. The carbon stock in the litter followed this order: leaf (4.10±0.08 Mg C.ha-1) > twigs (3.02±0.04 Mg C.ha-1) > fine root (2.25±0.01 Mg C.ha-1). The TCS in the soil was 33.73 MgCha-1 and followed this decreasing trend: 0-15 cm (23.80±2.65 MgCha-1) > 0 – 30 cm (9.93±1.02 MgCha-1). The TCS and carbon sequestration ability (CSA) of this forest were 125.61 Mg C.ha-1 and 458.31 Mg CO2ha-1. The CSA of this forest followed this decreasing order: AGC pool (218.92 Mg CO2ha-1) > soil (121.11 Mg CO2ha-1) > litter (73.40 Mg CO2ha-1) > BGC pool (44.88 Mg CO2ha-1). These results validate this forest as having a considerable carbon sequestration ability, though, this ability is threatened by human disturbances.

Sub-Saharan Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as droughts, floods, and desertification, which threaten local communities. The purpose of this study was to review existing literature on the impact of climate change on disaster risk in sub-Saharan Africa and identify adaptation strategies to mitigate these effects. A comprehensive search of academic databases was conducted, and identified studies were analysed thematically. The study found that climate change intensifies extreme weather events, resulting in waterborne diseases, displacement, food insecurity, and famine. Poverty and gender-specific challenges further contribute to vulnerability. Effective adaptation strategies include climate-smart agriculture, improved infrastructure and early warning systems, and community-based disaster risk reduction. Integrating adaptation and risk reduction into development plans at national and local levels is crucial. Partnerships and innovative financing mechanisms can help overcome implementation challenges. Addressing gender-specific issues and involving local communities in adaptation design and implementation are also important. In conclusion, enhancing the resilience of vulnerable communities in sub-Saharan Africa requires comprehensive adaptation measures integrated with development plans.

The rapid rate of urbanization in third world countries leads to rapid land-use land cover change. Thus, managing the land-use land cover change of the town is important for the proper urbanization process. To analyze the land-use land cover (LULC) change, multi-temporal and high-resolution aerial, geospatial techniques of GIS, remote sensing and satellite imagery methods were used. Results of this study revealed that the LULC coverage of forest, grasslands, and agricultural areas of the town rapidly decreased and converted to built-up areas. To control the rapid LULC change of the town, greenbelt principles have to be promoted. Hence, accordingly, findings of this research conclude that the town administration has to plan to acquire aerial photography of the town every three years to sustain the sustainable development.

The use of forage legume species as cover crops in the management of immature rubber plantation soils is not attractive to smallholder rubber farmers (owners of about 75% of the global acreage under rubber production). We sampled immature rubber plantation soils under the following respective creeping vegetable cover crops: Vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp. Ssp. Sessquipedallis.), Egusi melon (Cucumeropsis manni Naaudi) and Broadleaf pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and a forage legume species (Centrosema pubescens) for four consecutive years at the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin. The samples were analyzed for mineral N (NO3- and NH4+) content, and microbial group populations at the onset and end of rains, as well as selected physical and chemical properties. Generally, the result showed that the creeping vegetable cover crop species had a comparative positive effect on the soil properties assessed relative to the forage legume species. The two sampled period mean values of NO3- and NH4+ (10.62 and 8.18 mgkg-1, respectively) obtained from the plantation that had vegetable cowpea were significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher than those of the Egusi melon and Broadleaf pumpkin, but slightly (not significant) lower than that of the Centrosema pubescens. The soil microbial groups (Fungi, Bacteria and Actinomycetes) populations were significantly affected by the cover crop species. At the onset and end of rains, plantations that had vegetable cowpea and Centrosema pubescense cover crops had the maximum number of bacteria (29.58 and 29.50 C.fug-1drywt.soil ×10-6, in that order), while the maximum number of fungi was found in the broadleaf pumpkin (23.66 C.fug-1drywt.soil ×10-6) and Egusi melon (22.92 C.fug-1drywt.soil ×10-6) cover crop plantations. The broadleaf pumpkin and Egusi melon had significant positive effect on the soil surface layer (0-15cm) pH, Org. C, base cations, bulk density and percentage water filled pore space. These findings suggest that the creeping vegetable cover crops could be considered as alternative to the forage legumes in the management of immature rubber plantation soils.

Environmental assessment involved the overall monitoring of the atmosphere and biosphere where flora and fauna exist and interact as ecosystem. This environment is required to be assessed and monitored time to time to check the anomalies. The good tools for the measurement and evaluation in our habitable world is Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. This technology can be applicable in solving environmental issues and create medium for decision making and planning. The consequences of the application of GIS and RS are time saving, accuracy, reduce cost, good planning, suitability and accessibility.

For soil erosion modeling, determining sediment transport capacity (Tc) is essential because it plays a key role in sediment detachment, transport, and deposition research. This paper provides insights into the seasonal spatial distribution of sediment transport capacity, excess runoff depth in response to the distribution of precipitation, and land use at a watershed scale, using SCN Curve Number (CN) method, Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial distribution in runoff production on hillslopes and sediment transport are explained. We integrated the effect of slope gradient in the curve number to model the landscape effect on sediment transport. The findings show that seasonal variation in sediment transport capacity is influenced by climate change. During June and October, the transport capacity is higher and coincides with channel areas in the Boubo watershed. Potential applications of this map may help the decision-maker to deal with problems associated with watershed development and management.