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- The Role of Participation Banking in Ensuring Social Justice
Authors: Hasan DURMUŞ; Hülya ER, Erdal HARUNOĞULLARI
Abstract: İn the world and Turkey, it is observed that the increasing inequity in income distribution. According to TUİK (2019) data, in Turkey, the share of the country with the highest income of 20% decreased by 1.3 points compared to the previous year and decreased by 46.3%, while the share of the 20% group increased by 0.1 points compared to the previous year and increased by 6.3%. Banking services also play a major role in this unfair distribution. Today’s banking services can be regarded as a reflection of Friedman’s (1953) understanding that economic activities cannot be built according to ethics and norms. However, İslam also wants to establish justice in social and economic life. The role of İslamic banks in this matter should not be exactly like conventional banks. Participation banks cannot only pursue profit like other commercial banks, but they must also fulfill the distributive justice role of banks in accordance with İslam. One of the most important problems of İslamic finance, it is noteworthy that the social justice concept offered by the participation banks was not enough to propose solutions and create alternatives. The aim of this study is to examine the role of participation banks in providing social justice and to make inferences about their commercial goals and social responsibility activities. İn line with this purpose, “Should participation banks have a social responsibility mission besides their commercial goals'” and “How will they carry out their social responsibility mission together with their commercial goals'” The answers to the questions are sought. İn the study, a literature search was conducted on the subject, the activity reports of participation banks were examined and the findings were evaluated with the descriptive research method. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that there is a difference between the performance of the social justice role expected from participation banks in practice. İn addition, it has been observed that participation banks do not use İslamic economic instruments sufficiently, that participation banks do not make enough efforts to offer solutions and create alternatives in providing social justice, and cannot provide sufficient support to other alternative institutions. İn this context, examples where participation banks can provide social justice in practice have been examined and various suggestions have been presented. Due to the limited number of studies dealing with the role of participation banking in ensuring social justice, it is aimed to contribute to the literature.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Role of the Failure of Multi-Party Systems in Bringing About Dominant
Authors: Muhammet KOÇAK
Abstract: Political parties are political societies that have a steady and stable organizational structure that seeks to seize control of the state mechanism with public support. Party systems refers to the arrangement within which political parties operate. Predominant party system is a condition where the opposition parties challenge the strongest party in competitive elections but fail to remove the incumbent from power. The most popular definition and classification for the concept of predominant party system remains Sartori’s conceptualization. According to Sartori, the predominance is established when a party wins three consecutive elections while keeping the majority of the seats in the parliament. How do predominant party systems emerge' This article explains the impact of the failure of multiparty systems in fostering predominant party systems in democratizing countries.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- A Critical Review of “Ottoman Modernization” Concept in the Context of
Historical Sociology
Authors: Fatmanur ALTUN
Abstract: The concept of modernization appears frequently in today’s sociological analyses. This conceptualization, which is employed to describe the non-Western world in particular, is essentially provided within a theoretical framework and takes on meaning within it. The term “modernization,” however, is frequently abstracted from the latter and substituted with the concepts of modernity Such uses make it difficult to understand the “modernization theory” developed in Western academic circles to explain the non-Western world and to criticize it.The Ottoman Empire dealt with the problem of “encountering the West” within its unique circumstances and produced specific solutions for this problem. Moreover, the emergence of modernization theory can only be traced back to the 1950s. Therefore, speaking of an “Ottoman modernization” appears anachronistic when considered chronologically and in light of the Ottoman Empire’s unique historical experience. Using the methods of document analysis and literature review, this paper seeks to determine whether the Ottoman experience had a place within the paradigm of modernization or not.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Derviş Mahmûd-ı Mesnevî-Han, Menkıbelerin Parlak Yıldızları,
Sevâkıb-ı Menâkıb, (Hz. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Ayan, Prof. Dr. Gönül
Ayan) 2019, İstanbul Büyüyen Ay Yaynları, 412 s.
Authors: Hatice GÜRPINAR
Abstract: Ahmed Eflâkinin kaleme aldığı Menâkıbu'l-Ârifîn isimli eserin Abdül Vehhâb b. Ahmed Dede tarafından kısaltılmış hali Sevâkıbu'l- Menâkıb'dır. Farsça kaleme alınan eseri daha sonra Derviş Mahmud Farsçadan Türkçeye çevirmiş ve bazı hikayelerine minyatürler çizdirerek dönemin hükümdarı III. Murad'a arz edilmiştir. Sevâkıbu'l Menâkıb Mevlânâ'nın aile hayatını, eğitim serüvenini, halkla ilişkilerini ve manevî tecrübelerini aktarması bakımından tasavvuf klasikleri arasında zikredilir. XIII. ve XVI. yüzyılın düşünce yapılarını ortaya koyması bakımından da kaynak eserler arasında zikredilir. Eser Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Ayan ve Prof. Dr. Gönül Ayan tarafından sadeleştirilerek okuyucunun istifadesine sunulmuştur.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Tackling Graduate Unemployment: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Imran ALVİ
Abstract: Youth unemployment is a growing, global issue with regions of the Muslim world being particularly exposed to the problem. This paper examines a sub-set of this issue; graduate unemployment. In particular it seeks to understand the role of student aspirations, knowledge and motivation in tackling this issue. The paper draws on the Islamic literature to develop a theoretical framework of ‘Uluww-al-himmah, high-aiming aspirations, and Rajaa, true hope. These concepts are studied with the aim of improving not only graduate employment rates, but also the wellbeing of graduates who do not find employment.The theoretical framework provides a more holistic approach through which policy makers may address the issue of graduate unemployment by delineating four interrelated axis that impact graduate employment, namely, Reach, Purity of Purpose, Knowledge and Strength of Intention. By doing so the framework facilitates the appraisal of educational spend by intervention type thus highlighting underserved priority areas; allows policy interventions to be evaluated through the tracking of student progress against each axis; and allows policy interventions to be customised at the individual student level to reflect the heterogeneity present between students. The paper therefore provides a fresh perspective for policy makers and institutional leaders to pursue.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Islamic Microfinance: A Literature Review
Authors: Salih ÜLEV
Abstract: The aim of this study is to present a general picture of Islamic microfinance literature by listing the studies on Islamic microfinance. A qualitative research approach was adopted in the study, and document analysis was used as a data collection technique. Academic studies on Islamic microfinance were determined from the databases of Sciencedirect, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and CoHE Thesis Center, and subjected to content analysis. Six topics have come to the fore when these studies are examined according to the topics. These topics are the products and services of Islamic microfinance institutions, new model proposals for Islamic microfinance institutions, the impact of Islamic microfinance on the welfare of the poor, the performance of Islamic microfinance institutions, stakeholders of Islamic microfinance institutions, and risk management in Islamic microfinance institutions, respectively.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Sarajevo Primary Schools in The Ottoman Era
Authors: Mehmet TUĞRUL; Murat ÇELİK
Abstract: The Ottoman city had a unique structure that contained various institutions and operated them in harmony. The basic institution that brought these features to the Ottoman city was the waqf institution. The waqfs, whose practice dates back to ancient times and whose legal framework was drawn by the Muslims, reached their peak in both law and practice in the Ottoman period. So much so that cities were built with this institution. The basic structures of the Ottoman city, such as mosques, madrasas, schools, baths, inns, and bazaars were built and maintained under the leadership of the waqf institution.Educational activities, which coincide with today's primary and secondary education and carried out under the roof of structures such as primary school, school and mosque in the Ottoman society, were also supported by the waqfs. In the schools, the teacher or teacher of the children, and in the mosques, the imams carried out the education and training of the students. All these activities, from the construction of the schools, to meeting the salaries of the officials and meeting the material and moral needs of the students, were provided by the waqfs. Countless people educated in schools, one of the important institutions of Ottoman cultural and social life, shaped the Ottoman society and state. In this study, schools operating in Sarajevo, one of the important cities of the Ottoman State, will be analyzed in terms of the waqf documents.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- An Inquiry into the Presence of Joint Stock Company in Islamic Economics
Authors: Ömer Faruk TEKDOĞAN
Abstract: A joint stock company with legal personality, which is counted as a type of equity com-pany in the Turkish Commercial Code, is defined as a type of company whose capital is determined and divided into shares, and which is liable only for its assets due to its debts. İn this study, the economic and fiqhi approaches to the acceptance and adaptation process of the joint stock company, which originally belonged to the legal system and economic system of the West and were transferred to the İslamic world, are questioned. İn this direction, first of all, the historical process of the emergence and development of joint stock companies is explained, and it is shown what kind of needs and purposes cause the existence of joint stock companies and how this process differs in the West and the İslamic world. However, within the framework of the innovations brought by joint stock companies and the basic features they have, the prominent issues to be discussed and the main problem areas to be solved in terms of İslamic law and İslamic economy are emphasized. Due to the simplistic and superficial approach in the adaptation process of joint stock companies that are not an İslamic institution, it is considered that the aims of İslamic law are not taken into account sufficiently and comprehensively, and its existence as an institution in the İslamic economy as such is problematic.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Authentication and Authorship Sstems in Online Assessment: Experiences of
University Students
Authors: Serpil KOÇDAR; Abdulkadir KARADENİZ, Nil GÖKSEL
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of using an authentication and authorship system in online assessment activities on students’ opinions and to identify students’ user experiences. The study was carried out within the context of the TeSLA Project (An Adaptive Trust-Based e-Assessment System for Learning), which was developed under an H2020 project funded by the European Commission. The TeSLA System, which contains face recognition, voice recognition, keystroke dynamics, forensic analysis, and plagiarism tools in online assessment, was tested during a semester in 12 undergraduate and graduate courses in various faculties of a state university in Turkey. The study participants were 231 university students using the TeSLA system in the first phase of the third pilot study. In the study, which was designed as survey research, the data were collected before and after the implementation through a pre and post-questionnaire. The data were analyzed via paired samples t-Test and ANOVA. The analysis was conducted item by item. As a result, the TeSLA experience appears to positively change students’ views in terms of satisfaction, trust, confidence in sharing personal data, reducing cheating and plagiarism in online assessment, and advantages of an online assessment. On the other hand, the TeSLA experience had a negative impact on the issues students were worried about, causing these concerns to increase. The findings obtained based on these results were discussed within the scope of the relevant literature.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Agricultural Sector in the Fight Against Climate Change: Smart
Agricultural Practices for Sustainable Agricultural Economy
Authors: Esat İPEK
Abstract: Besides the natural causes of climate change, the consequences caused by the human factor are undeniable. It’s seen that the issue is a global threat not only to humans but also to animals and the plants. In this regard, in the period from 1990s to the present many studies have been done on global scale, and various steps have been taken within the scope of fighting against the impacts caused by the issue. When considering the changing conditions in the agriculture sector, which is one of the sectors directly affected by climate change, and the increasing population around the world, issues of the amount of the food production, efficiency and the safety has come to the fore. Therefore, it is vital to decrease the negative impacts of the climate change in the agriculture and to adapt to this process in order to cope with the possible crises in the future and build a sustainable agricultural economy.This study aims to investigate national and the international efforts made within the scope of fighting against the climate change, and to examine the impacts of it within the global scope on the agriculture. Smart agricultural practices accepted as the reflection of developing technology on the agriculture has been also considered in the scope of fighting agaings the climate change. Accordingly in this study the smart agricultural practices used around the world and in Turkey, the sample practices and areas of the usage are explained in detail.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- A Critical Evaluation of Views on Islamic Economics
Authors: Harun SENCAL
Abstract: In this study, four different views on Islamic economics are discussed and critically evaluated. The first is the view that the origin of capitalism is in Islam. It is seen that those who support this view understand Islamic economics through an anachronistic reading, focusing on the similarities between institutions and relations, and ignoring the differences. The second view is the Islamic understanding of economics, which is defined as the removal of secular and un-Islamic information from economic views in the context of the Islamization of knowledge and replacing it with knowledge extracted from an Islamic world view. Two points to consider in this view are (1) the possibility of recognizing and truly purifying the elements that need to be purified, and (2) how Islamic the Islamic views that need to be placed will be. The third view is to make sense of Islamic economics in the context of the objectives of Shariah. As a view that determines the approaches of Islamic economics, especially in the context of macro policies, the aims and maslaha concepts of Shariah are a position that should be approached carefully because they are abstract and carry the danger of distorting the objectives of Islam and bringing the aims of capitalism to the forefront due to the minds shaped by enlightenment education. The last view is the Islamic political economy view, which expresses an Islamic order built on the ontological and epistemological sources of Islam and the framework of the systems in this order. The most important criticism of this view is how successful such a macro-transformation and normative construction can be under the hegemony of the capitalist system.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Vekâyi’u’l-Fuzalâ (Şeyhî’nin
Şakâ’ik Zeyli)
Authors: Ayşe AVŞAR
Abstract: Eser, Nev'îzâde Atâyi'nin, "Hadâiku'l-hakâ'ik fî-tekmileti'ş-şakâ'ik” isimli kitabının zeyli olup 1133 âlim ve sûfinin hayatını içermektedir. Şeyhî Mehmed Efendi Vekâyi’u’l-fuzalâ’yı geleneğe uygun şekilde Şakâ’ik’in devamı olarak kaleme almıştır. Şeyhî, her padişah dönemini bir tabaka kabul etmiştir. Yedi tabakadan oluşan eserde, o devirde yaşamış önemli şahsiyetlerin biyografilerine yer vermiştir. Ramazan Ekinci’nin hazırladığı transkripsiyonlu metin, altı yazma nüshanın karşılaştırılmasıyla oluşturulmuştur.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
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