 Subjects -> GEOGRAPHY (Total: 493 journals)
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- Traditional Knowledge of Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Cesar Delgado, Kember Mejía, Claus Rasmussen, Rosa Romero
Pages: 1 - 9
Abstract: This paper describes the traditional knowledge on the management of stingless bee colonies and the use of honey by Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities of the department of Loreto, in the Peruvian Amazon. Semi-structured interviews and collection of voucher bees were carried out from June to August 2016 and from November to December 2017. The informants were selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling (snowball sampling). During the study, 21 communities were visited, of which some of the community members in thirteen communities kept stingless bees. A total of 17 species of stingless bees are reported as used in the communities for either rearing or harvesting of honey from the forest with Melipona eburnea being the most common species. The way communities classify, manage, and use bees depends on how they perceive these insects, informed by knowledge processed and incorporated from other communities. In these communities, they use honey and pollen, with honey being the main product. Fourteen health conditions are treated with honey, with the most treated conditions being related to respiratory ailments, fertility, and reproduction. The study provides a basis for incorporating stingless bees into conservation and sustainable production policies.
PubDate: 2023-03-08
DOI: 10.14237/ebl.14.1.2023.1772
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2023)
- Sichuan Peppercorn and the Birth of Numbing Spices in East Asia
Authors: Guillaume Jacques, Jade d'Alpoim Guedes
Pages: 10–2 - 10–2
Abstract: Sichuan peppercorn Zanthoxylum sp. is an important food condiment, currently used in East Asia and South Asia. In this paper, we review genetic, archaeological, and linguistic evidence regarding the use of Zanthoxylum by ancient human populations. The evidence from these three disciplines converge to suggest that its earliest attested use dates from the mid-fourth millennium BCE, in Western Sichuan, making it one of the oldest spices in East Asia. The paper also discusses how this spice was supplemented, and even superseded, by the introduction of the American Chili Pepper (Capsicum spp.). in the seventeenth century. We further argue that differences in the biosynthesis of numbing compounds between cultivars of Zanthoxylum sp. in northern and southern Western China that are due to deep evolutionary processes may have in turn influenced culinary preferences.
PubDate: 2023-04-03
DOI: 10.14237/ebl.14.1.2023.1842
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2023)
- The Palolo Worm as a Cornerstone of Pacific Ecological Time-Reckoning
Authors: Neal Kelso, Gregory Plunkett, Presley Dovo, Dominik Ramík, Charlie Paul Vusqal, David Harrison, Michael Balick
Pages: 24 - 35
Abstract: Indigenous knowledge systems that uniquely encode environmental knowledge are vanishing globally in tandem with environmental changes and globalization. In this paper we explore knowledge and uses of the palolo polychaete worms (Palola spp.) in time-reckoning, as documented in the anthropological literature on Polynesia and Melanesia. We then introduce preliminary findings from three contemporary cultures, the Raga-, Vureas-, and Netwar-speaking peoples of Vanuatu. Use of the palolo worm as an element in traditional time-reckoning is well-attested in both historical and contemporary literature, and our original research reinforces the notion that it is still a crucial part of ni-Vanuatu ecological calendars. Within the cultures discussed, the annual appearance of the palolo worm is an important temporal event within very complex systems that incorporate plants, animals, agriculture, celestial bodies, the ocean, and human health for the purposes of organizing human activities. These systems, and the place of the palolo worm within them, must be given proper attention in ongoing efforts towards environmental conservation and the documentation and revitalization of traditional knowledge.
PubDate: 2023-05-05
DOI: 10.14237/ebl.14.1.2023.1815
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2023)
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