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- Chinese pine and ectomycorrhizal symbionts show plasticity in phosphorous
absorption and high calcium adaption under different extraradical hyphal
growth space-
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Authors: Yanan Li, Haoyan Liu, Tengzi Zhang, Yongbin Zhou, Songzhu Zhang, Hui Li
Pages: 1 - 8
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-8, January 2025.
The management of excessive calcium (Ca) absorption and enhancement of phosphorus (P) absorption present common obstacles for trees thriving in Ca-rich, P-poor soil. The extraradical mycelial network of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) extends beyond root reach to transport nutrients, enhancing host plant growth. This study investigates how variations in hyphal growth space affect P absorption and adaptation to high soil Ca in Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) seedlings in Ca-rich, P-poor soil. We grew Chinese pine seedlings in plant chambers with normal or high soil Ca, separated from a mycelium chamber with higher soil P by either a 105 µm nylon net (+Space) or a 0.45 µm nylon net (−Space) to study the growth of seedlings, P and Ca absorption, and soil nutrient availability. We found that Chinese pine seedlings in +Space conditions had greater biomass and a lower root-to-shoot ratio in normal Ca soil compared to −Space. −Space increased soil-available P concentrations and ectomycorrhizal colonization in normal Ca soil. P concentrations, however, were accumulated in the shoot, implying that Chinese pine in −Space allocated more energy to activate soil P. Chinese pine and its ectomycorrhizal symbionts also showed adaptive plasticity to increased soil Ca, with enhanced EMF colonization and biomass under +Space conditions, but reduced soil Ca in the plant chamber under −Space conditions.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-05-01T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0113
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Conservation tillage: effect on soil properties and crop productivity
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Pages: 1 - 2
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-2, January 2025.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-04-30T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2025-0026
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Re-thinking soil nitrogen availability to crops in the context of soil
organic carbon-
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Authors: Keith Reid, Craig F. Drury, David Burton, Pamela Joosse
Pages: 1 - 7
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-7, January 2025.
The link between carbon and nitrogen (N) in soil organic matter has long been recognized but has been largely ignored in determining the supply of N from soil for crop production. We propose that N mineralization can only be understood as a by-product of soil organic carbon (SOC) change and that progress in improving N use efficiency by crops must explicitly include consideration of SOC. This suggests some immediate avenues for improved fertilizer N management as well as future research activities. Recent advances in understanding the various fractions of soil organic matter and their role in C cycling have great potential for improving our understanding of N cycling in the soil as well, and the potential for N release that could be utilized by crops.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-03-27T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2025-0003
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Evaluation and analysis of pullout strength in pile group embedded in
sandy soil using PLAXIS 3D-
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Authors: Smita Tung, Sibapriya Mukherjee, Abdullah H. Alsabhan, Nakul Gupta, Ashish Kumar, Parveen Berwal, Rajesh Goyal, Mohammad Amir Khan, Wahaj Ahmad Khan, Lakshita Sehgal, Kamal Kishore
Pages: 1 - 17
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-17, January 2025.
The pullout strength of pile foundations is a critical factor influencing the stability of underground and waterfront structures, especially when subjected to uplift pressures. This study examines the uplift capacity of model hollow circular aluminum piles, both as single units and in group configurations, with outer diameters of 2.54 cm and varying lengths of 60, 75, and 90 cm. Experimental investigations were conducted on pile groups arranged in 2 × 1, 2 × 2, and 2 × 3 configurations, maintaining a constant length-to-diameter (L/d) ratio of 24, 30, and 36. The spacing-to-diameter (S/d) ratio varied between 3, 4, and 5. The experimental results obtained strong validation from PLAXIS 3D numerical analyses that matched the experimental data. Rising pile embedment depth and spacing quantities lead to higher pullout strength levels. The evaluation of nondimensional parameters reveals the correlations between pile group uplift strength and embedment depth together with pile spacing. These research findings help foundation engineers to design piles for better uplift resistance, which results in better foundation practice improvements.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-03-24T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0092
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Co-inoculation of beneficial microorganisms in upland rice cultivated at
different phosphorus levels-
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Authors: Princewill C. Asobia, Kássia L.M. Paula, Maythsulene I. Oliveira, Caroline D. Bittencourt, Adriane Wendland, Enderson P.B. Ferreira
Pages: 1 - 13
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-13, January 2025.
Beneficial microorganisms can sustainably improve rice production. This study characterized indole-acetic-acid-producing and P-solubilizing bacteria, investigating their impact on upland rice through single or co-inoculation. Four bacterial strains (BRM 063573, BRM 67205, BRM 063574, and BRM 67206) were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A greenhouse experiment was arranged in a 20 × 3 factorial design with four replications. The first factor included 18 bacterial combinations and two controls (without fertilization or inoculant, and with fertilization but no inoculant). The second factor tested three phosphorus doses (25%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended P dosage). Growth and productivity parameters were determined. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the bacteria BRM 063574 was closely related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, while BRM 063573 and BRM 67206 were closely related to Bacillus pumilus and BRM 67205 was closely related to Paenibacillus pabuli. Co-inoculation treatments generally outperformed single inoculations, improving performance in number of tillers, plant height, root volume, root weight, and shoot weight. Single inoculation and co-inoculation had different effects on number of pods, number of full grain and grain weight, with co-inoculation consistently giving better results. The variability in response to single inoculation suggests an inconsistency in the performance of single inoculants. Co-inoculation, on the other hand, consistently offered advantages, improving the number of pods, number of full grains and grain weight at different phosphate doses. Based on grain production, the co-inoculants BRM 67207 + BRM 67206 and BRM 67207 + BRM 063574 are most promising for use as rice inoculants, offering consistent benefits for improving yield.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-02-25T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0054
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Greenhouse gas emissions in perennial bioenergy crops on marginal land in
Southern Ontario-
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Authors: Augustine K. Osei, Naresh V. Thevathasan, Maren Oelbermann
Pages: 1 - 13
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-13, January 2025.
Knowledge of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in unfertilized perennial bioenergy crops on marginally productive cropland is crucial to understanding their climate mitigation benefits through reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The static chamber method was used to quantify and compare N2O and CO2 fluxes in miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and willow (Salix miyabeana L.) to a successional site over two growing seasons. Mean N2O and CO2 fluxes ranged from −0.02 to 0.09 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1 and 0.01 to 0.27 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1, respectively. Whereas mean CO2 fluxes differed (p
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-01-24T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0087
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- University farm benefits from a long-term student-generated soil data set
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Authors: Amy Wells, Maja Krzic, Sandra Brown, Art Bomke
Pages: 1 - 10
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-10, January 2025.
To enhance student learning about impacts of soil management practices, the Sustainable Soil Management course at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver led development of a long-term, student-generated soil data set focused on the UBC Farm, a teaching, research, and community engaged production farm. The objectives of this paper are to (i) describe development of the student-generated soil data set, (ii) illustrate data interpretation done by students in the Sustainable Soil Management course, and (iii) outline key implications of having the long-term student-generated data set for sustainable soil management at a university farm. The data set, generated by students using the same sampling protocol and analytical methods since 2004, provides a long-term record of soil properties for each of the 27 fields at the UBC Farm. Students are engaged in a real-life scenario, collecting data and assessing the impacts of soil management practices on soil health. Concurrently, the data set allows the farm manager to assess the impacts of their soil management practices, and to monitor soil health. Despite various challenges such as the need for continuing funding for laboratory analyses, quick turnaround time of laboratory analyses, and ongoing maintenance of the database associated with the student-generated soil data set, having such a data set are still of enormous importance, benefiting both students and farm managers. The UBC student-generated soil data set can serve as an example for other instructors interested in involving students in long-term monitoring and data generation at university farms.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-01-16T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0056
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Soil organic matter is responsive to short-term climate cycles
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Authors: P.T. Sorenson, A.K. Bedard-Haughn
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-4, January 2025.
Strong evidence exists that management practices can increase soil organic matter (SOM); however, climate is also known to affect SOM content. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between precipitation and SOM. Precipitation and SOM data from southeastern Saskatchewan were highly correlated (r = 0.91, p
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-01-16T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0103
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- Note of appreciation
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Pages: 1 - 1
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-1, January 2025.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2025-01-10T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0111
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2025)
- A simple and accurate Dosi-Tube method for estimating ammonia loss from
in-season nitrogen application in corn fields-
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Authors: Jongwon Kang, Craig F. Drury, Wayne Calder, Ben Melenhorst, John Lauzon, Jinwook Kim, Joshua Nasielski
Pages: 1 - 5
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-5, January 2025.
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major nitrogen (N) loss pathway for surface-applied fertilizers containing urea. The Dosi-Tube method developed by Van Andel et al. on manured fields without a crop canopy measures NH3 volatilization using wind speed and Dosi-Tubes. Here, we adapted the Dosi-Tube method to accurately and inexpensively measure NH3 volatilization from fertilizer N applied within corn canopies. NH3 losses were measured from surface-applied UAN and urea, with or without a urease inhibitor, via both Dosi-Tube and wind tunnel methods over two seasons in Woodslee, Ontario. A newly developed empirical model demonstrated improved accuracy in predicting NH3 fluxes.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-12-20T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0052
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2024)
- Soil organic carbon and 13C changes when annual crops are replaced with
perennial biomass crops in southwestern Ontario, Canada-
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Authors: Sowthini Vijayakumar, Amir Behzad Bazrgar, Mahendra Thimmanagari, Bill Deen, Kimberley Schneider, John Lauzon, Paul Voroney, Naresh Thevathasan
Pages: 1 - 12
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-12, January 2025.
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.) are C4 perennial biomass crops (PBCs) commonly cultivated in Ontario. The 13C natural abundance technique was used to assess the following: (i) quantify the proportion of C4-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (Mg C ha−1) within the SOC stocks of the whole soil, (ii) determine the C4-derived SOC sequestration rate, and (iii) quantify C4-derived SOC stocks in soil particle size fractions. This was achieved by analyzing the δ13C values in SOC of both the whole soil and various soil particle size fractions in PBC fields that were converted from agriculture. At Guelph after 11 years of PBC, C4-derived SOC stock as a proportion of SOC stock in the whole soil accounted for 30% in switchgrass and 31% in miscanthus fields, while at Elora it comprised 41% in switchgrass and 50% in miscanthus. However, in Burlington after 4 years, C4-derived SOC represented 10%–12% in PBC fields compared to 17% in agriculture fields. The C4-derived SOC sequestration rates were 0.8, 0.7, and 0.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in switchgrass, miscanthus, and agriculture fields, respectively at the Guelph site. In miscanthus fields, lower C4-derived SOC stock in macro soil particles were observed, yet higher percentages were observed in micro soil particles and the silt plus clay fractions compared to switchgrass and agriculture fields. Agriculture fields had higher C4-derived SOC in macro soil particles, indicating lower SOC stability. Therefore, cultivating PBCs on low-productive agricultural lands could contribute to climate change mitigation practices due to increased SOC stability.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-12-09T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0033
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2024)
- Management zone delineation: utilizing multiple data sources to minimize
soil spatial variability in commercial potato fields under Prince Edward
Island pedoclimatic conditions-
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Authors: Bilal Javed, Athyna N. Cambouris, Marc Duchemin, Noura Ziadi, Antoine Karam
Pages: 1 - 18
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Volume 105, Issue , Page 1-18, January 2025.
Spatial variability in soil physicochemical properties within agricultural fields significantly influences crop management practices and results in uneven resource utilization, yield reduction, and environmental issues stemming from excessive fertilizer use. This study investigates the use of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), field elevation, and tuber yield data obtained from yield monitors to delineate subfield regions and reduce variability across the field. Four commercial potato fields were selected in Kensington and Souris, Prince Edward Island: The Oyster Cove fields (OC 1 and OC 2) and the Black Pond fields (BP 1 and BP 2). In 2019, these fields underwent commercial soil proximal sensor (Veris 3100) operations to measure soil ECa at two different depths: shallow (0–30 cm, ECa_S) and deep (0–100 cm, ECa_D), as well as elevation. Soil samples (0.0–0.15 m) were collected from each field to measure soil physicochemical properties that can be used to delineate management zones (MZ). Study results revealed significant correlations between delineating, soil texture, and soil chemical properties. The variance reduction indicated that three MZ were optimal for representing the spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties. Multiple comparisons revealed that higher values were obtained for most of the soil properties in MZ3 compared to MZ1. The significant between-zone differences in soil properties indicated that soil ECa and elevation data, along with tuber yield, can be used to develop MZ. Additionally, this approach is highly effective in capturing site-specific variability and can guide management practices, such as fertilization in potato fields.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-12-05T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0019
Issue No: Vol. 105 (2024)
- Spatial analysis of oil palm growth and soil properties in a plantation in
Nigeria-
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Authors: G.O. Awe, B.D. Adepoju, T.A. Omotoye, I.T. Olaoba, W.V. Sylvester, A.O. Bejide, D.M. Machado
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Relationships between spatially correlated soil properties and crop performance at field scale are vital when planning specific site management for sustainable crop production. This study investigated the correlations and relationships between some soil properties and oil palm trunk diameter at breast height (DBH) at the Oil Palm Plantation, Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, southwest Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm surface layer at 81 georeferenced points within the plantation to determine soil properties and oil palm trunk DBH. The soil properties and trunk DBH varied widely with particle density, soil pH, bulk density, and field capacity showing least variability (coefficient of variation (CV)
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-12-18T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0097
- Evaluation of the potential of bryophytes to support seedlings development
on waste rocks: a mesocosm study-
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Authors: Samuel Malo, Carolane Lamothe, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, Sébastien Roy, Jean-Philippe Bellenger
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Revegetating waste rocks is essential for re-establishing a functional ecosystem, but it poses significant challenges. Nutrient-poor soil and high exposure to elements cause high seedling mortality in the first year. Survival can be increased by amending soil with organic matter before plantation to improve water retention and nutrient availability. However, this method comes with high environmental and economic costs. Using mesocosms, we tested the use of bryophytes as an alternative to improve seedling survival due to their ability to create a beneficial microclimate with improved soil humidity and increased nutrient availability, especially through biological nitrogen fixation. Two bryophyte species (Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid., an early succession, and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt., a late succession species) were evaluated with three higher plant species (Pinus banksiana, Rhododendron groenlandicum, and Populus balsamifera) planted in waste rocks. We further evaluated two distinct techniques for the application of bryophytes on waste rocks: evenly spreading fragments on the soil surface and regrouping the fragments around the higher plant stem. Results showed that Racomitrium canescens fixed significantly more nitrogen than Pleurozium schreberi on waste rock. On the contrary, Pleurozium schreberi released more nitrogen into the soil than Racomitrium canescens, likely due to higher mortality and nutrient loss during drying/rewetting cycles. While the short-term impact of bryophytes on seedlings was limited in this 6-month experiment, results suggest that bryophytes have the potential to support higher plants in the challenging conditions of waste rock revegetation by increasing nitrogen supply to seedlings. Implications for practice Strategies for restoring waste rock piles using local plant species and limiting the use of exogenous material, such as organic matter amendment, are essential for responsible management of disturbed sites Including bryophytes in revegetation practices can improve seedlings survival after plantation on waste rocks by increasing the availability of essential nutrients such as nitrogen. Methods for applying bryophyte stems tested here in mesocosms provide a benchmark for future tests on real waste rocks.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-12-03T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0069
- Application of multidimensional soil data harmonization to develop the
Ontario Soil Information System (OSIS)-
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Authors: Tegbaru B. Gobezie, Daniel Saurette, Stacey D. Scott, Prasad Daggupati, Angela Bedard-Haughn, Asim Biswas
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
In the digital age, soil data have become crucial for understanding the role of soil in agricultural systems, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, ecosystem services, and sustainability, thus guiding decision-making. However, diverse data collection methods and fragmented soil data management practices complicate creation of a unified soil database from varied datasets. In Ontario, Canada, data fragmentation across different institutions hinders access and use of this vital soil data for spatial and temporal analyses. Moreover, the latest update in the National Pedon Database is dated back to 2011, underscoring the need for centralized provincial data warehouses for systematic soil information access and analysis. This study addressed these challenges by developing and implementing an end-to-end, multidimensional soil data curation framework that integrates diverse soil data genres and sources in Ontario, enhancing the database updating process. Applying minimum inclusion criteria, data from 13 sources across four different data genres (fixed depth, topsoil, profile, and peatland), comprising 14 145 observation sites and their respective layers, were integrated into an SQLite database. Despite dense sampling in southern Ontario, data gaps increased with depth. Harmonization focused on key attributes such as depth, soil organic carbon, and texture yielded 6335 unique sites and 28 134 layers, including 5460 profiles, 178 topsoil, and 697 fixed depth sites. Using a scalable and transparent soil data “hyperlooping” framework, integrated with platforms like KNIME, R, and SQL, this comprehensive database supports enhanced digital soil assessment and mapping in Ontario, and beyond.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-11-30T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0070
- Augmentation significative des superficies recouvertes par du paillis de
plastique au saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada-
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Authors: Maxime C. Paré, Olivier Morissette, Maxime Boivin, Marianne Piochon, André Pichette
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
La production du maïs à ensilage dans la région du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) est limitée en raison du faible nombre d'unités thermiques maïs (UTM). Pour pallier cette contrainte, plusieurs producteurs utilisent un film de plastique translucide dit « oxo-biodégradable », permettant ainsi de devancer la date de semis et de bénéficier d'hybrides plus élevés en UTM. Toutefois, l'utilisation de ce type de plastique pourrait causer des problèmes importants en s'accumulant notamment dans les sols, les sédiments, les eaux et les organismes vivants. À ce jour, il demeure toutefois difficile de connaître les superficies recouvertes par ce plastique au fil des années. Nous avons entrepris une première étude pour connaître l’étendue de l'utilisation de cette pratique depuis 2018 dans la région à l'aide d'images satellitaires. Nos résultats indiquent que les superficies consacrées à cette pratique ont bondi de 90% au cours des sept (7) dernières années, passant de 1192 ha en 2018 à plus de 2300 ha en 2024. Nous avons également constaté que l'utilisation de ce paillis de plastique se concentrait sur certains secteurs, dont 44% sur des superficies ayant connu des utilisations annuelles répétées. Annuellement, c'est entre 1,3% et 2,5% de terres agricoles utilisées en grandes cultures qui sont maintenant couvertes par ce paillis de plastique dans la région. La littérature de même que nos observations sur le terrain indiquent également que ce plastique ne se décompose pas au rythme souhaité. Devant ce constat, des études devront être rapidement entreprises afin de trouver des solutions plus durables.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-11-18T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0064
- Cropping history allows tracking of C4 cover crop residues by δ13C
natural abundance-
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Authors: D.H. Lynch, R. Barrett, M.O. McNeil, J. Nyiraneza
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Given potato farm cropping history, the recent introduction of C4 cover crops may provide an in situ opportunity to track their residues by δ13C techniques. From 2019 to 2022 soil (0–15 cm) samples were collected on Prince Edward Island potato farms from 15 paired strips of sorghum sudangrass (SS) and C3 crops. Under C3 crops, soil δ13C was remarkably uniform at −27.7‰ ± 0.26‰, while SS cover cropping (aboveground biomass −12.8‰) significantly enriched soil δ13C values to −27.4‰ ± 0.38‰. This study demonstrates proof of concept that δ13C techniques can quantify the dynamics of C4 cover crop residues in potato farm soils.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-11-16T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0035
- Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil carbon and nitrogen
stocks in southwestern Ontario-
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Authors: Inderjot Chahal, Yajun Peng, David C. Hooker, Laura L. Van Eerd
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Conservation tillage and crop rotation diversification have been promoted to increase soil C and N storage; however, the interactive effects of tillage and crop rotation on soil C and N dynamics remain contradictory. Using a long-term (24 years) experiment established at a clay loam site (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, the interactive effects of five crop rotations and two tillage systems were tested on soil organic C (SOC) and total N storage in soil depth increments and in the full soil profile (0–0.6 m) in 2019. While crop rotation influenced SOC and total N concentration in top 0.2 m, these effects were minimized when storage was expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis. Over the 0–0.6 m depth, no-tillage had 24 Mg SOC ha−1 and 4.7 Mg total N ha−1 greater content, respectively, than conventional tillage, supporting the value of no-tillage on increasing soil C and N in the long-term. Interestingly, no interactive effects of crop rotation and tillage on soil C and N storage in 0–0.6 m were observed. While the type of crop species and amount of C and N inputs under different crop rotations are important variables impacting the soil C and N storage, our results suggest that the crop rotation diversity was not a major driver of soil C and N in this study. Future mechanistic investigations exploring the persistence and linkage of soil C and N with crop rotation diversity in the tested production systems are needed.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-11-01T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0105
- Enhancing iron and zinc uptake in spring wheat through commercial
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation under different soil phosphorus
addition levels-
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Authors: Xiaopeng Gao, Kai Zhang
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Improving the concentrations and bioavailability of micronutrients, especially iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in crop grains is important to alleviate their deficiencies in humans. Inoculating crops with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can potentially enhance soil nutrient supply and crop yield, but the effectiveness is influenced by soil factors, particularly soil phosphorus (P) availability. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a commercial AMF product on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and grain concentrations of Zn and Fe under different soil P addition levels (0, 5, and 20 mg P kg–1 dry soil). Results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased root colonization rate of wheat across all P addition levels. Wheat growth, as evidenced by dry weights of shoot and grain, was significantly enhanced by AMF and high P addition treatments. AMF inoculation did not affect grain Zn concentration, but significantly increased grain Fe concentration compared to the un-inoculated control. As expected, P addition resulted in a significant reduction in grain concentrations of Fe and Zn, primarily due to a growth dilution effect. An integrated analysis using the radar plot concludes that AMF inoculation is most effective in increasing crop yield and grain micronutrient concentrations when soil P levels are low. Importantly, while adequate P supply is crucial for maintaining crop productivity, it may decrease grain micronutrient availability without complementary strategies.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-10-22T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0049
- Response of soil nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and
denitrification to milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) application in a
paddy field-
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Authors: Limin Wang, Chunmei He, Cailing Liu, Xiangzhou Zheng, Juhua Yu, Qinghua Li, Yibin Huang, Dongfeng Huang, Fei Wang
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
We conducted incubation experiments with paddy soil collected from a long-term field experiment to explore the effect of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L., CMV) application on potential nitrogen (N) denitrification (PDA), nitrification (PNA), mineralization (PNM), soil chemical properties, microbial communities, enzyme activities, yields, and nutrient uptake of rice under different fertilization treatments. Five treatments were included: no chemical fertilizers (C0), chemical fertilizers (C100), Chinese milk vetch (M), CMV combined with 100% chemical fertilizers (MC100), and with 80% chemical fertilizers (MC80). Results showed that the M, MC100, and MC80 treatments significantly increased PNM and PNA compared with the C100 treatment (P
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-10-18T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0039
- Effects of graphene oxide composite additive on the species abundance and
diversity of microorganisms in saline–alkali soil-
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Authors: Jie Song, Xianbo He, Jun Qiao, Jianguo Zhao, Zhiwen Chen, Jing Ren, Guibin Ma
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Saline–alkali soil is common in north China, especially in the Datong district in north Shanxi province. Improving the soil will benefit the environment and society. Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to benefit agricultural and forest soils. Herein, we explore three different experimental conditions of CK (CK means irrigated with tap water), CJ (CJ means 0.2 g of bacteria addition and irrigated with tap water), and CJ25 (CJ25 means 0.2 g of composited bacteria plus 25.0 mg/L of GO added and irrigated with tap water) for saline–alkali soil by the addition of optimized amounts of GO and external bacteria. Our results show that the addition of 25.0 mg/L GO and microbial agents increases the number of bacteria and fungi in the soil and improves the species abundance of bacteria and fungi in the saline–alkali soil, while having little effect on species richness. The GO and bacterial treatment increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Pseudomonas, Ascomycota, Mortierella, and Fusarium. These bacteria have been shown to produce proteolytic enzymes and cellulases that decompose lignin and cellulose in litter, and thus play important roles in carbon and nutrient cycling. The addition of GO and microorganisms provides a viable way to improve saline–alkali soils.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-10-18T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0072
- Assessing soil mechanical resistance at different depths and compactation
mapping at effective root zone-
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Authors: Matheus Cavalheiro Moreira de Camargo, Jeniffer Seitenfus Zanuz, Gabriel Martins Fortes, Mauricio Fornalski Soares, Enrico Fleck Tura, José Eduardo Minussi Winck, Michel Rocha da Silva, Alencar Junior Zanon, Nereu Augusto Streck
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
Soil compaction, a result of mechanical resistance to penetration, has a direct impact on yield potential by limiting root access to water and nutrients. Factors such as inadequate crop rotation, intensive mechanization, and trampling by animals contribute to compaction. Mitigation strategies include crop rotation, control of machinery traffic, the use of cover crops, and the use of mechanical techniques. Geostatistical methods in pedostatistics evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties. The aim of this study was to determine the penetration resistance in five soil layers (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm), identify critical compaction regions, and quantify the economic impact of compaction management in a 230 ha farm in Alegrete, Brazil. A digital penetrometer was used to measure resistance and semivariograms were calculated using classical and robust estimators for interpolation. The evaluation of the economic impact took into account the variable cost differences between the total area and the area required for compaction. The analysis showed a gradual increase in compaction from the surface to the subsoil, with a highly compacted zone occurring at 20–30 cm, signaling the need for monitoring and intervention. The dependency analysis showed a well-defined structure. The results show that geostatistical tools can be used in the assessment of soil penetration resistance, especially in layers from 10 to 20 cm. An efficient identification and quantification of compacted zones within the cultivation area was achieved. This approach proves to be economically viable, especially in extensive farming, suggesting a wide application in agricultural compaction management.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-10-11T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0005
- Fungal community composition varies spatially in a commercial potato field
in response to soil properties and topographic features-
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Authors: Saraswoti Neupane, Claudia Goyer, Bernie J. Zebarth, Sheng Li, Aaron Mills, Sean Whitney
Abstract: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ahead of Print.
The factors influencing the spatial distribution of fungal communities are commonly examined over large spatial scales but not at smaller scales. Given this, the extent to which soil properties and topographic features contribute to the diversity and distribution of fungal communities in an agricultural field needs to be further explored. We investigated the spatial distribution of soil fungal community composition from an ∼1100 m long transect with 83 sampling points in a commercial potato field with a rolling landform. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota showed medium to strong spatial dependence with an autocorrelation range varying from ∼43 to 92 m, similar to the autocorrelation range of soil properties and topographic features. Most of the variability in fungal and saprotrophic community composition was explained by soil properties (15% and 11%, respectively) and spatial distance (16% and 15%, respectively) while topographic features contributed 8% and 5% of variability to total fungi and saprotrophic community composition, respectively. The fungal and saprotrophic community compositions were correlated with soil organic carbon, pH, and slope curvature, however, richness and Pielou’s evenness of the fungal communities and fungal biomass were not correlated with soil properties or topographic features. The results suggest that the spatial variation in fungal and saprotrophic community composition in response to soil properties and topographic features in this agricultural landscape was due to differences in assemblages of fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) but not in differences in the number of fungal ASVs or fungal biomass measured using phospholipids fatty acids.
Citation: Canadian Journal of Soil Science
PubDate: 2024-10-08T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2024-0082
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