Authors:
Natalie Hopkins; James Benstead, Megan Wardle, Alison Divine Pages: 74 - 80 Abstract: Habits are a process which generate automaticity of a behaviour, therefore, the development of physical activity habits are key for ensuring maintenance. The adoption of physical activity is reliant on deliberate processes such as motivation and attitudes, which are thought to play a key role in the strengthening of habits. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychological variables that are associated with physical activity habit formation. In a sample of 82 adults (Mean age = 32.7 ± 12.5 yr), participants were recruited through advertisements on the University of Leeds campus gym social media accounts (Facebook and Twitter). Participants completed an online survey assessing physical activity motivation, affective and instrumental attitudes, and habit strength. Results showed that habit strength was higher in more physically active participants compared to those less active. Intrinsic (p=0.007), integrated (p=0.001) and identified (p=0.004) forms of motivation were associated with stronger habit strength suggesting that physical activity has an automatic component that is strengthened when behaviour is driven by autonomous motivation. Affective attitudes (p = .001) were positively related to habit strength whereas instrumental attitudes (p = .001) were negatively related. The findings highlight predictors such as motivation and attitude may aid the process of making physical activity automatic by driving repetition of the behaviour at a more autonomic level. Perhaps building upon a person’s affective associations (e.g enjoyment and pleasure) of physical activity may result in the strengthening of habits. Physical activity interventions might consider features of habit formation and the antecedents that contribute to the process. Suggestions for possible future directions adopting more methodologically rigorous designs are presented. PubDate: 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.12691/jpar-7-2-1 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:
Damien Mack-Inocentio; Camille Gaillard, Julien Finaud, Éric Doré, Bastien Doreau, Bruno Pereira, Pascale Duché Pages: 81 - 88 Abstract: The effect of a long-term program on adherence in older adults seeking to improve low physical fitness compared to a multiactivity practice was studied. Seventy persons (+ 60 years) took part in 10 months program, distributing in three groups: low cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness (n=25, CMF), low coordination and motor skills (n=21, CBM) and free-choice multi-physical activities (n=24, MPA). Adherence was assessed by quantitative indicators and analysis of temporal dynamics. Adherence was 61.3 ± 25.8% for the CMF group, 49.7 ± 25.0% for the CBM and 33.3 ± 25.8 for the MPA. Only about 42% of the participants in MPA would continue the program for 10 consecutive months. The curve of adherence decreased regularly during the 10-month program: after 6 months adherence had fallen by 20% for CMF and by 14% for CBM, and after 10 months by 24% for CMF and by 19% for CBM. When physical activity program was supervised by the same instructor and when the participant’s individual goal was clear, adherence was significantly higher (p PubDate: 2022-05-15 DOI: 10.12691/jpar-7-2-2 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:
Katherine E. Spring; Jan Kavookjian, Alexandra V. Carroll, Danielle D. Wadsworth Pages: 89 - 97 Abstract: Research indicates that approximately 80% of adolescents do not meet the physical activity (PA) recommendations for Americans. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is one method researchers have examined to increase PA. This systematic review aimed to 1) explore the literature on the effects of MI on PA levels among adolescents and 2) report on the current state of the MI and adolescent PA literature for evidence and gaps. A modified Cochrane method of the systematic review was conducted within relevant databases (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, SCI-EXPANDED, and SSCI). The lead author conducted an initial review of the titles and abstracts. The second review tier consisted of three authors independently conducting a full-text review of the remaining articles, discussing to a consensus whether to retain or reject each article based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of the 392 articles initially identified, nine studies were retained in the review. Three of the nine studies found that MI had a statistically significant impact on PA behaviors in adolescents. Two studies found that MI significantly impacted Body Mass Index or body composition. Generalizations are limited due to heterogeneity. Despite this, results indicate that MI is a possible pathway to improve PA behavior in adolescents. PubDate: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.12691/jpar-7-2-3 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:
Peter D. Hart
Pages: 98 - 105 Abstract: Background: Examining the extent to which physical activity (PA) and body measure (BM) variables correlate is useful for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between PA and BM variables in a representative sample of US adults. Methods: Participants 20+ years of age from the 2017-2020 (pre-pandemic, 3.2 year) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. PA variables included work (VWPA, MWPA), recreation (VRPA, MRPA), transportation (TPA), sedentary time (SED), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), met PA guidelines status (METPA), and physical inactivity status (PIA). BM variables included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), arm circumference (AC), BMI category (BMICAT), obese status (OBESE), and overweight status (OVWT). Spearman correlations were computed both for bivariate association and controlling for age, race, and income. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the adjusted relationship between PA and BM categorical variables. All analyses were performed separately by sex. Results: Multivariate BM correlations were strongest for TPA and OVWT (males) and MVPA and WC (females). Adjusted models showed the odds of being obese were greatest for those reporting low (versus high) amounts of VRPA in both males (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.28 - 2.67) and females (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.83 - 3.34). Additionally, odds of meeting PA guidelines were greatest for those with low (versus high) WC in males (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.2 3- 1.84) and low (versus high) BMI in females (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.73 - 2.46). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that PA and BM variables are related in U.S. adults prior to the COVID pandemic. Furthermore, low WC for males and low BMI for females were the stronger adjusted categorical predictors of meeting PA guidelines. PubDate: 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.12691/jpar-7-2-4 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:
Peter D. Hart
Pages: 106 - 107 Abstract: This BriefTrends describes the temporal trends in the prevalence (%) of adults meeting muscle strengthening activity (MSA) guidelines from 2011 to 2019 in Montana. PubDate: 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.12691/jpar-7-2-5 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:
Cameron Smith; Christoph Leonhard Pages: 108 - 117 Abstract: With evolving technological advancements and rising rates of sedentary occupations, sedentary behavior has become increasingly common. Prolonged and routine bouts of sitting time have been shown to cause various health problems. Interventions counteracting sedentary behaviors have been developed for occupational and academic environments. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and on-campus libraries are understudied settings for sedentary interventions. This study reports a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology to examine the feasibility and acceptability of under-desk elliptical trainers (UDETs) in an HBCU library setting among library staff members (Study One) and library patrons (Study Two). In Study One, eight library employees completed pre and posttest interviews regarding the feasibility and acceptability of UDETs in the library. In Study Two, student UDET use was tracked in an HBCU library for eight weeks, and participants completed self-report questionnaires while using the devices. In Study One, library staff participants reported generally favorable views toward UDET placement in the library, however voiced a need to retrofit the library environment to better suit UDET use. In Study Two, participants reported sitting an average of 3.5 hours/day in the library and 8.10 hours/day on weekdays. On average, UDET users pedaled 16 minutes/day, burned 7.03 kilocalories (kcals)/day, and reported the devices were “easy to use” and “could be used in the library setting.” All UDET feedback participants endorsed wanting the devices to remain in the library permanently. Findings support UDETs as feasible and acceptable by library staff and students and effective in disrupting sedentary time, especially when UDET placement occurs in the context of supportive messaging to support UDET use. PubDate: 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.12691/jpar-7-2-6 Issue No:Vol. 7, No. 2 (2022)
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