Authors:Feda Makkiyah Abstract: Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) ranks fifth in the most disabling conditions. Karate is an unarmed combat sport that uses hands and feet to deliver and block blows. The karate movements, such as high load and frequent flexion and extension of the knee, make the athletes susceptible to knee injuries and progress to knee OA (KOA). Objectives. The study aims to address the prevalence and risk factors of KOA in karate athletes in the Karate Community in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods. Fifty-nine karate athletes were enrolled in this cohort study in November 2018. Body weights and heights were measured, and a physical examination was performed. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires were given. Ultrasound imaging and X-ray of the knee were conducted. All data were analyzed using STATA 15. A descriptive analysis was performed, and correlations between two continuous variables were analyzed using the Pearson Chi squared-test. Logistic regression analysis evaluated associations between knee osteoarthritis and independent variables such as sex, age, BMI, WOMAC score, injury, and ultrasound findings. Results. Among 59 karate athletes, 18 (23%) were clinically diagnosed with clinical KOA. Most of them were males (46 instructors). The mean age of KOA was lower than negative KOA (53.61; 54.75 years old) (p=0.332). The WOMAC score was the only variable that showed a difference between the two groups regarding independent variables. Conclusion. One-third of karate athletes were diagnosed with clinical KOA. WOMAC showed a significant difference between positive KOA and negative KOA.
Authors:Afaf Mohamed Tahoon Abstract: Background. Mechanical relation between the foot and pelvic alignment had been studied in healthy subjects and individuals with other musculoskeletal disorders; however, in chronic ankle instability (CAI), it has not yet been determined. Objectives. To investigate the difference in pelvic torsion (PT) among individuals with CAI and uninjured subjects and correlate PT with perceived ankle instability sensation and giving way episodes. Methods. This matched case-control study was performed on fifteen participants with unilateral CAI and 30 matched controls. All participants with CAI scored ≤ 24 on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. The control participants were sex- and dominance limb-matched to the CAI group. A pelvic inclinometer and 10-cm visual analog scale were used for measuring PT and perception of ankle instability, respectively. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results. A statically significant difference in PT was observed between CAI participants and controls (P < 0.05) with a large clinically meaningful difference (effect size = 1.12). However, no significant (P> 0.05) relationships were observed between PT and perceived ankle instability or giving way episodes. Conclusion. Patients with unilateral CAI appear to have PT as a proximal strategy to maintain the proximal stable base and compensate for distal ankle instability. The clinically detectable difference in PT helps clinicians be aware of the chronic maladaptations in CAI. Additional studies are needed to investigate other lumbopelvic impairments affecting pelvic kinematics and ankle stability.
Authors:Koichi Watanabe Abstract: Background. Persistent physical fatigue (PPhF) is one of the most common issues in athletes; salivary human herpes virus 6 and/or 7 (HHV-6/7) have recently attracted attention as novel microbiological markers for its assessment. Objectives. We aimed to investigate potential variabilities of salivary HHV-6/7 levels in athletes, along with traditional assessments. Methods. We conducted an observational study over two weeks including 54 healthy male university athletes (n = 44) and non-athletes (n = 10). We used a questionnaire on daily life to monitor the participants’ states and habits. The main measures were salivary HHV-6/7 and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels, and total mood disturbance (TMD) scores in the Profile of Mood States. Results. In the questionnaire on daily life, subjective fatigue increased in the athletes (p < 0.05), while the health condition and daily habits did not change in either group (p> 0.05); accordingly, fatigue may be due to training-induced physical stressors rather than pathological events or changes in daily habits. Salivary HHV-6 levels increased only in the athletes after one week (p < 0.05), whereas salivary HHV-7 and SIgA levels, and TMD scores remained unchanged (p> 0.05). Conclusion. These findings suggested that salivary HHV-6 may be a more sensitive marker of PPhF than others.
Authors:Marcela Garza Segovia Abstract: Background. The sports industry has been transformed through digitalization processes. One traditional area of sports marketing strategy that has changed significantly is sponsorship. Objectives. To reveal how digitalization has impacted sports sponsorship strategies according to the findings of academic articles in leading sports management journals. In light of the dramatic transformation of sports sponsorship in recent times, a new research agenda is proposed. Methods. One hundred eighty-nine articles from five high-impact sports journals were systematically selected and classified according to Jin’s (2017) categorization. An in-depth analysis of 23 articles related to digital media was performed and compared to Santomier’s (2008) literature review to understand the evolving academic discourse on the changing nature of sports sponsorship and propose a research agenda for the near future. Results. A research agenda is proposed to understand the new sponsorship dynamics in the digital landscape focused on the analysis made of the three studied categories: Sports and the internet, consumer behavior, and sports marketing strategy. Conclusion. The continuous evolution of digital technologies challenges academics and practitioners to keep pace with the impacts of digitalization in sports sponsorship, which requires a new research agenda to raise questions to be answered in future research.
Authors:Vilija Bite Fominiene Abstract: Background. It is acknowledged that aggressive behavior and bullying in sports are destructive aspects of interpersonal relationships. Objectives. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of bullying and various forms of aggression in the aspects of athletes’ gender and different types of sports and to reveal links between bullying and aggression in sports settings. Methods. The study involved 1440 athletes representing individual, combat, and team sports. The survey was conducted employing scales of the Bullying and harassment in sport questionnaire (BHISQ): the scale of Types of aggression during training and competitions (TATC) and the scale of Victim, bystander, and bully among insiders and against opponents (VIBB). Results. The results of the study show that the prevalence of aggressive behavior in the total sample is 12.5 percent. Statistically significant differences in aggressive behavior by gender were identified only in the area of physical and indirect aggression. The verbal form of aggression does not depend on gender but is most commonly used among combat sports athletes. Physical aggression is more common in team sports. After analyzing the prevalence of bullying, it was found that it constituted 46.9 percent of the total sample and the gender factor strongly shows up. Athletes who use aggression engage in bullying episodes more frequently. Conclusion. The analysis of the relationship between forms of aggression and bullying in sports revealed that in the presence of higher aggression in athletes the risk of bullying in interpersonal relationships increases.
Authors:Ivan Belcic Abstract: Background. Referees are an integral part of every handball match which is considered a high-intensity activity and they need to follow the action as close as possible to avoid mistakes in their decisions. Objectives. This research aimed to determine the physiological loads of referees during handball matches and whether a higher physiological load during the match has a significant effect on the quality of refereeing. Also, RPE was tested to determine if referees are aware of loads during the match. Methods. The subject sample consisted of 32 handball referees in Premier Croatian handball. The first phase of research was conducted in the laboratory with functional abilities tests and the second phase was the measurement of physiological loads and quality of refereeing on official matches. Results. The correlation of physiological loads (time above anaerobic threshold zone) and quality of refereeing showed no significant correlation (R=0.25/R²=0.06/p
Authors:Chi-Yueh Hsu Abstract: Background. Judo coaches and athletes must understand the relevant technical content of the competition to improve their judo skills in Taiwan. Therefore, this study intends to explore the current situation and differences in scoring techniques of outstanding judo players and the impact on the victories or defeats of scoring techniques. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to explore the distribution of judo players of different genders, weight divisions, scoring techniques, and gripping positions that affect the victories and defeats in the competitions. Methods. The research objects were a total of 185 judo players, 104 male players, and 81 female players, from Judo Competition at the 2019 Taiwan National Games that was held from October 20 to 23, 2019 in the gymnasium of Yuan Ze University Taiwan. The data was collected and analyzed by observing videos in the judo competition venues as the research samples. Results. The research shows that there is no significant difference between judo players’ scoring techniques and various weight divisions, but it indicates a significant difference between scoring techniques and various gripping positions, as well as between gripping positions and different weight divisions. Conclusion. It is recommended to establish a mini-application (app) of judo tactics to provide real-time analysis during training and competitions to coaches and judo players.
Authors:Pablo Monteagudo Abstract: Background. Musicians’ sympathetic arousal needed to deal with an extraordinary event (e.g., a demanding concert) can become a neurophysiological alteration known as Musical Performance Anxiety, an important health problem. Objectives. This study aimed to find whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) might reduce the anxiety in musicians after acute training. Methods. Ten young wind instrument musicians (23.00 ± 4.88 years; 78.86 ± 11.46 kg) performed two concerts in one week. Forty-eight hours after the first concert, they underwent a magnetic roller training session to get tested and familiarized, and again 48 hours later, they conducted 2-to-4 bouts of 30-second all-out workout, interspersed with 4 minutes of recovery, between the two concerts. Self-reporting methods (STAI, CSAI-2R) and physiological methods (Heart Rate Variability) were used to test anxiety reduction. Results. Pre-post exercise comparisons revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in both questionnaires. Regarding heart rate variability, Friedman Anova tests revealed also significant differences in Low Frequency (LF; p < 0.05), Low Frequency/High Frequency ratio (LFHF; p < 0.01), Root Mean Square of successive normal R-R intervals (RMSSD; p = 0.01), Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA1; p < 0.01) and Sample Entropy (SampEn; p < 0.01) after HIIT. Conclusion. After the training, the HRV indices’ improvement could confirm the hypothesis of parasympathetic reactivation and a better vagal balance as much in the last moment as during the performance. Acute high-intensity exercise may be an efficient solution in the short term for the anxiety problems that musicians suffer in their intense careers.
Authors:Thanavutd Chutiphongdech Abstract: Background. Many countries worldwide use sports events as a tool to stimulate both their national and local economies. To gain a competitive advantage, knowledge of sports event success is essential for stakeholders and hosting countries. However, due to the diverse conceptualizations of event success, the knowledge of the issue is fragmented, and there is a lack of comprehensive studies for scholars and event practitioners. Objectives. This article aims to review the key success factors (KSFs) of sports events based on the resource-based view (RBV) theory to fill this knowledge gap. Methods. A systematic review is used to analyze the KSFs of sports event management. Results. Our findings from 42 peer-reviewed papers indicate that organizational and reputational resources seem to play the most critical roles in sports event management success. Conclusion. The conceptual framework representing the KSFs of sports event management based on the RBV theory is presented. Moreover, several themes for future research on this issue are also suggested.
Authors:Georgiy Polevoy Abstract: Background. Sedentary lifestyle of schoolchildren has a negative impact not only on physical abilities, but also on mental processes. The relationship between physical activity of schoolchildren and indicators of their attention has not been studied in depth. Objectives. To determine the effect of physical activity in physical education lessons on the attention indicators of children 15-16 years. Methods. The study was conducted in a secondary school in Russia, it was attended by ninth graders in the number of 141 schoolchildren by random sampling. The main research method was the “Trondyke Test”, which determines the level of attention development of schoolchildren. The test was used before and after the physical education lesson 1 time per month for 5 months. Results. Children who did not engage in physical education in the lesson were not able to significantly improve their performance in the test, which indicates a possible adaptation to the test after its first performance before the lesson. Children who were engaged in physical exercises were able to significantly increase the test results. The situation for children who were engaged in a physical education lesson. In each of the five months, the test indicators improved significantly, on average from 14.9% to 17.1% (p
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