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Abstract: Purpose Exercise addiction may lead to more significant physical discomfort. This study aimed to (1) explore whether athletes with a high score on the exercise addiction inventory have more pain and more injuries than those symptomatic; (2) observe whether pain intensity was lower in athletes with a high score on the exercise addiction inventory than those symptomatic, and (3) demonstrate that athletes with a high score on the exercise addiction inventory engage in risky behavior despite exercise contraindication. Methods A total of 158 amateur athletes who reported spontaneously participating in regular physical activity answered the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) questionnaire. They self-reported their physical activity levels, pains and injuries. Results Among the 158 amateur athletes, 138 amateur athletes were symptomatic, and 20 were at risk of exercise addiction. Participants who reported pain had a significantly EAI score higher than participants who did not report pain (20.5 ± 3.4 and 19.1 ± 3.3, respectively) (p = 0.01). At some point in their life, 131 received a contraindication to exercise for at least 2 weeks. No significant differences were observed between amateur athletes who did and did not receive contraindication to exercise in regard to their EAI scores (p = 0.07). We observed that those who did not respect these recommendations had significantly higher EAI scores than those who respected these recommendations (p = 0.04). Conclusion We showed that exercise addiction might touch many amateur athletes according to the EAI questionnaire. Our findings improve our knowledge and reinforce the importance of follow-up in amateur athletes regarding their exercise addiction to help them manage their pain, injuries, and behavioral addiction. PubDate: 2022-09-22
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Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to analyze the impact of competition with successive basketball matches on mood, stress tolerance, competitive anxiety, total quality of recovery and neuromuscular performance in adolescent basketball athletes. Methods Ten youth basketball players (14.8 ± 0.5 years; 59.4 ± 9.1 kg; 173.7 ± 5.9 cm) were evaluated during a tournament with three matches in two days. Mood (M), stress tolerance (ST), competitive anxiety, total quality of recovery (TQR) and neuromuscular performance were measured before and after the matches. The session rating perceived of exertion (sRPE) was used to evaluate the internal match load (IML) during the competition. The Friedman test was used to compare the mood profile during matches and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare mood subscales pre- and post-matches. Repeated measures ANOVA compared the post-match values of sRPE, TQR, and neuromuscular variables. Results The mood profile was significantly modified during the competition and the anger subscale was different pre- and post-match 3 (p < 0.05); somatic anxiety decreased in match 3 compared to match 1 (p < 0.05); ST did not change across the competition (p > 0.05); QTR reduced in match 3 compared to match 1 and 2 (p < 0.001); there was also a reduction in speed performance (p < 0.01), and height of the vertical jump (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current study demonstrated that there is an impact on mood, anxiety and quality of recovery with successive basketball matches, and they also reduce neuromuscular performance in adolescent basketball players. PubDate: 2022-09-10
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Abstract: Purpose The Covid-19 restriction exposed most athletes to insufficient training stimuli leading to detraining. This study investigated whether a home-based exercise training program could preserve body composition and exercise performance in young high-level kayak athletes during Covid-19 restriction. Methods Seventeen healthy young high-level kayak athletes (10 males and 7 females), aged 14.7 ± 1 yrs, participated in this study. A 7-week home-based training program was followed during Covid-19 restriction. Baseline measurements were assessed 4 weeks before Covid-19 pandemic and ended on 4 May 2020. Body composition, flexibility, isometric muscle trunk strength (Biodex), anaerobic power (30-s all-out trial), and aerobic capacity (4-min maximal test) were evaluated. Personal daily loads and wellness details were collected with AthleteMonitoring.com software. Results Home-based exercise training program was effective to improve flexibility (9.20 ± 2.85%) and lean body mass (3.96 ± 0.89%), to maintain muscle strength, anaerobic power, body mass, and body fat percentage but insufficient to maintain aerobic capacity (− 8.96 ± 2.49%). Conclusion The findings of the present study potentially highlight the importance of the implementation of such a program to minimize the detraining effect on young athletes during periods of movement restriction caused by pandemics. PubDate: 2022-09-07
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Abstract: Abstract Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and cod liver oil (CLO) possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of the study was to test the ability of a blend (BLO) of VCO and CLO to improve endurance performance in the mouse model. The nutritional profile, viscosity, and free fatty acid (FFA) content were analysed. Mice were randomly divided into the four groups: control, VCO, CLO, and BLO group. Endurance studies were carried out for 4 weeks. The endurance potential was investigated based on exhaustive swimming, forelimb grip strength test, biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. As expected, the BLO contained essential fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Vitamin A, and Vitamin E. The viscosity, triglyceride, and FFA content were 54mPas, 95%, and 0.6%, respectively. Animal studies showed no toxicity in tissues. The BLO-supplemented group demonstrated substantially higher score in exhaustive swimming and forelimb grip strength test, a decrease in the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatine kinase (CK) levels, a substantial decrease in fibrotic changes in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, with more glycogen deposits in the skeletal muscle and elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator (PGC)-1α compared to the controls. These results suggest that, the BLO improves the endurance potential via activation of PGC-1α signalling and may be used as a food supplement to improve an athlete’s endurance potential. PubDate: 2022-09-06
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Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to investigate the reliability of surface electromyography (EMG) assessed at seven muscles during three repeated 2000 m rowing ergometer sessions. Methods Twelve male well-trained rowers participated in a repeated measures design, performing three 2000 m rowing ergometer sessions interspersed by 3–7 days (S1, S2, S3). Surface electrodes were attached to the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, erector spinae, vastus medialis, rectus abdominis and latissimus dorsi for EMG analysis. Results No differences existed between 2000 m sessions for EMG amplitude for any of the seven muscles (p = 0.146–0.979). Mean coefficient of variation of EMG for 6 of 7 muscles was ‘acceptable’ (12.3–18.6%), although classed as ‘weak’ for gastrocnemius (28.6%). Mean intra-class correlation coefficient values across muscles ranged from ‘moderate’ to ‘very large’ (0.31–0.89). Within-session EMG activation rates of vastus medialis were greater during 0–500 m and 1500–2000 m segments, compared with 500–1000 m and 1000–1500 m (p < 0.05). Values for biceps femoris and gluteus maximus were significantly higher during 1500–2000 m compared to 500–1000 m and 1000–1500 m (p < 0.05). The general pattern was for higher activation rates during 0–500 m and 1500–2000 m compared to 500–1000 m and 1000–1500 m. However, there were no between-sessions differences in EMG for any of the 500 m segments (p > 0.05). Conclusion Reliability of EMG values over repeated 2000 m sessions was generally ‘acceptable’. However, EMG was seemingly not sensitive enough to detect potential changes in neural activation between-sessions, with respect to changes in pacing strategy. PubDate: 2022-09-06
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Abstract: Purpose To determine the association between sport nutrition knowledge, nutritional intake, energy availability, and training characteristics with the risk of an eating disorder amongst highly trained competitive cyclists. Methods Using an observational cohort study design, 36 male cyclists (age = 23.1 ± 3.9 years) provided information on personal characteristics, training history and functional threshold power. The cyclists completed the sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire (SNKQ) and brief eating disorder in athletes questionnaire (BEDA-Q) before submitting a three-day food diary to quantify energy and macronutrient intake, and calculate energy availability. Results The estimated lean body mass, years training, weekly on-bike training and functional threshold power were 57.6 ± 3.9 kg, 5.9 ± 3.0 years, 16.4 ± 3.2 h and 355 ± 33 W, respectively. The mean score for the SNKQ was 60.0 ± 8.4% whilst the BEDA-Q score was 4.3 ± 4.1 AU. Training and rest day energy availability was 16 ± 18 kcal·kg eLBM−1 and 44 ± 14 kcal·kg eLBM−1, respectively. Associations between SNKQ with energy intake (r = 0.13, P = 0.553) and availability (r = 0.21, P = 0.345) were trivial to small. There was a large, negative association between SNKQ and BEDA-Q (r = –0.55, P = 0.006) suggesting that for every correct answer on the SNKQ, the BEDA-Q score reduced by 0.3 AU. All other association with the BEDA-Q were trivial to small (r = –0.29–0.27, all P > 0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that sport nutrition knowledge and energy intake was insufficient to match their training demand on training days. The large, negative association between SNKQ and BEDA-Q suggests that those highly trained cyclists with less sport nutrition knowledge may be at a greater risk of an eating disorder. PubDate: 2022-09-06
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Abstract: Purpose This 11-week study aimed to correlate the neuromuscular profile and the total volume of resisted sprint training (RST) under different velocity loss (VL) magnitudes in male professional soccer players. Methods Seventeen soccer players (age 25.8 ± 4.3 years; height 180.0 ± 8.6 cm; weight 77.7 ± 9.7 kg) were randomly allocated into two training groups, who trained at distinct percentages of VL: 10% of VL (G10, n = 8) or 20% of VL (G20, n = 9). The velocity-based sled training consisted of 20 m resisted sprints executed with a progressive loading increase (45–65% of body-mass). Sprint times (10 m and 20 m), vertical jump height [countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ)], knee flexion and extension peak torque, as well as isometric rate of torque development, and lower limb lean mass were correlated with the total volume of RST performed by G10 and G20 groups. Results The G10 performed 31% less repetitions and total RST distance than G20 (p = 0.002). Significant negative Pearson’s correlations (large-to-very large) were observed between total volume performed by G10 and CMJ height [r = − 0.85, confidence interval at 95% (95% CI) = − 0.98 to − 0.58, p = 0.02, Cohen’s D effect size (ES) = 0.41] as well as SJ height (r = − 0.90, 95% CI − 0.99 to − 0.66, p = 0.005, ES = 0.80), and knee extension concentric peak torque (r = − 0.69, 95% CI − 0.99 0.91, p = 0.05, ES = 0.03). No further correlation was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions When lower magnitudes of VL were used during training sessions (10%), the stronger and more powerful players performed lower volume of RST. Interestingly, this relationship is not confirmed when higher magnitudes of VL (20%) are prescribed (greater fatigue incidence). PubDate: 2022-09-06
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Abstract: Background The changes in the levels of inflammatory mediators can alter the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients’ neurotrophic factors. This study strived to determine the effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program and sertraline supplementation on the patients’ neurotrophic factor profiles, pro-inflammatory indices, depression and anxiety after their CABG surgery. Methods In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 33 depressive patients, who ranged in age from 40 to 60 and were referred to Fatemeh Zahra Sari Heart Hospital after their CABG surgery, were randomly divided into 4 groups including placebo group (8 participants), drug group (8 participants), aerobic exercise + placebo group (8 participants), and drug + aerobic exercise group (9 participants). The placebo group received 50 mg/day placebo. The drug group received 50 mg/day sertraline (Sobhan Darou, Iran).The aerobic exercise program consisted of the 8 week aerobic exercise training with an intensity of 6–14 according to Borg scale. It was provided 3 sessions per week for 24–40 min every session. At the beginning and the end of the protocols intervention, blood samples were taken to assay neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF) and pro-inflammatory indices (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) using ELISA method. Results The results of the data analysis showed that the aerobic exercise program by itself and accompanied by sertraline significantly increased neurotrophic factors and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, exercise and sertraline interventions reduced CABG surgery patients’ depression and anxiety levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion In general, the present study showed that the aerobic exercise program and sertraline may improve neurotrophic factors, alleviate pro-inflammatory cytokines and relieve depression and anxiety in patients who have undergone CABG. PubDate: 2022-09-03
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Abstract: Background The Verhagen volleyball-specific neuromuscular exercise training (NEMEX) program has already been recommended for preventing ankle sprain recurrences in volleyball players; however, the effect of this proprioceptive balance board training program as a training intervention on improving the functional movement characteristics of these players has received less attention. Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the NEMEX training on functional movement, balance, and hopping performance of high risk volleyball players. Methods Thirty out of 121 youth volleyball players (age: 16.60 ± 2.20) participating in the provincial league, with an FMS score of less than 14, were selected to participate in this quasi-experimental study. Players were randomly assigned into either experimental or control group. Functional tests, including FMS, lower quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ), upper quarter Y-balance test (YBT-UQ), Davies, and hopping tests, were recorded at the baseline and at end of this study. While the control group performed their exercises routinely, the experimental group performed the NEMEX training three sessions per week for 8 weeks as warm-up plus their routine exercise. Results The results of the current study showed that players in the experimental group scored more than control group in YBT-LQ of right and left legs (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.54 and p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.29, respectively), Davies (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.34), and right and left leg hopping tests (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.60 and p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.70, respectively) after 8 week NEMEX training. However, there was no significant difference between participants of the two groups as for FMS and YBT-UQ scores. Conclusion Eight weeks of Verhagen NEMEX training can significantly improve the young volleyball players’ performance on hopping, YBT-LQ, and Davies tests. It is therefore recommended that volleyball players exposing to high risk of sustaining injury can prevent injury occurrence via adding NEMEX training along with their routine training. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Aims (1) To evaluate mental health symptoms in people with Parkinson’s (PwP) in self-isolation, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Brazil; (2) to explore associations between mental health and physical activity levels. Methods An observational cross-sectional survey using retrospective data. PwP from the Brazilian territory, both sexes, no age limit, in self-isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic, were invited to complete an online self-administered and validated questionnaire. Demographic data (sex, age, Brazilian state they lived in, levels of education, and household income), days in self-isolation, time of diagnosis, and symptoms that bothered most were reported. Self-reported levels of physical activity and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, fear, and thoughts of death), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, were assessed. Results The participants were 156 individuals with PD (64 ± 11 years), from both sexes (50% women; 50% men), resident in the 5 Brazilian regions. There was a worse on mental health symptoms over the time: anxiety [effect size = − 0.52; 95% CI (− 0.70; − 0.28); p < .001], fear [effect size = − 0.58; 95% CI (− 0.76; − 0.34); p < .001], and thoughts of death [effect size = − 0.43; 95% CI (− 072;-0.02); p = .001]. A lower physical activity level during the pandemic is related to increased probability of thoughts of death [crude OR = 1.84; 95% CI (0.98; 3.46); p = 0.05; adjusted OR = 2.98; 95% CI (− 0.01; 2.19); p = 0.05]. Anxiety, fear and depression were not associated with physical activity levels. Conclusions Anxiety, fear and thoughts of death worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with the period before COVID-19. Lower physical activity level during the pandemic was related to an increased probability of thoughts of death. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Purpose Lateral trunk muscles may contribute to the excessive ipsilateral trunk lean, which is a mechanical alteration related to impairment in hip and knee kinematics. This study aimed to investigate if hip and knee kinematics, lateral abdominal muscle thickness, and trunk muscle endurance are associated differently in men and women. Methods Forty-six participants (27 men and 19 women) completed the following assessments: (1) lateral abdominal muscles thickness [external oblique + internal oblique + transversus abdominis] measured with ultrasound; (2) hip adduction (HADD) and knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during single-leg squat; (3) muscle endurance in the side plank test. Results We did not find significant associations between HADD and lateral abdominal muscle thickness (men: r = 0.205; p = 0.315; women: r = 0.358; p = 0.145) or side plank time (men: rs = − 0.102; p = 0.614; women: rs = 0.391; p = 0.098). Moreover, no significant associations were found between FPPA and lateral abdominal muscle thickness (men: r = 0.012, p = 0.953; women: r = 0.326, p = 0.186) or side plank time (men: rs = 0.087, p = 0.667; women: rs = 0.319, p = 0.184). A strong association between lateral abdominal muscle thickness and muscle endurance was found only in women (r = 0.683; p = 0.002). Conclusion Hip and knee kinematics were not associated with lateral abdominal muscle structure or endurance in men and women. Muscle structure seems to be associated with time to exhaustion in a side plank test only in women. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Objective To evaluate the scientific evidence to the question: does physical exercise influence the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in athletes' Methods Searches were conducted in Medline via Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs via Virtual Health Library, and through manual search and gray literature. Eligibility criteria were outlined based on PECOS: Population—athletes older than 14 years old; Exposition—sport activity, considering the duration and intensity of the exercise; Comparison—saliva collection before, during and, after training/competition; Outcome—standardized mean difference in sIgA concentration level; Study design—observational studies. Two reviewers (kappa 0.90) applied the eligibility criteria, extracted the qualitative data, assessed methodological quality/risk of bias and assessed the certainty of the evidence (GRADE). For quantitative data, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 2,981 articles were found and 22 were included, 20 obtained moderate methodological quality and 19 were with risk of bias. Six studies showed no change, 4 increased and 12 decreased the sIgA concentration. Meta-analysis considering concentration levels of sIgA before and after sports activity did not present statistical significance (p = 0.13; CI − 0.46 [− 1.07, 0.14]) with very low certainty of evidence. Conclusion Physical exercise showed no difference in sIgA concentration in athletes. However, due to the risk of bias and to very low certainty of the evidence, further studies with better methodologies are needed (#CRD42018085367). PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Purpose It is unknown whether the effect of increased distal stabilization can trigger the onset of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, and if handgrip strength levels can elicit early proximal shoulder stabilization. Hence, we aimed to compare the electromyography activation of the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles during the abduction motion with handgrip strength in different levels (0%, 30%, and 60%) of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Methods Twenty participants were submitted to abduction shoulder movement with three different handgrip strengths (0%, 30%, and 60%) using electromyography. The onset of Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles was measured. A Friedman’s test was used to compare handgrip conditions and the onset between muscles. Then, multiple comparisons were performed. All alpha errors were set to 5%. Results There was an anticipated onset for Supraspinatus muscle at 0% of the MVIC {− 0.554 [− 0.657 to − 0.497] ms vs. − 0.098 [− 0.264 to 0.108] ms, p < 0.001}, at 30% of the MVIC {− 0.560 [− 0.628 to − 0.521] ms vs. − 0.125 [− 0.243 to − 0.031] ms, p < 0.001), and at 60% of the MVIC {− 0.543 [− 0.573 to − 0.514] ms vs. − 0.215 [− 0.325 to − 0.017] ms, p = 0.001}. Conclusion Shoulder abduction with handgrip triggers the onset of the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles. The Supraspinatus muscle elicits an anticipated onset. Two stabilizing strategies are suggested; the internal rotation instability capable be induced by the deltoid muscles (abduction movement) and from the wrist flexor-pronator muscles (handgrip). Both tasks are counteracted and anticipated by the action of the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a QE-training duration on improving the performance and accuracy of basketball three-point shot and determined whether such training protected against attentional disruptions associated with performing under pressure. Methods Eighteen expert male basketball players wore a mobile eye tracker to assess their quite eye (QE) duration when performing three-point shots carried out over 6 days without defensive pressure. They first participated in pre-test and were randomly allocated into a quiet eye (QE)-trained and control group. Both groups participated in video feedback of their gaze behavior and on-court training sessions and only the QE-trained group received additional instructions related to maintaining a longer QE duration. Their accuracy and gaze behaviors were recorded through post and pressure tests. Results The QE-trained group performed significantly better and had longer total, early and late QE duration through the phase of tests compared to the control group. Conclusion These results provide support for the efficacy of QE training focused on using visual information until the ball is released in undefended conditions. Future research is needed to determine if the results also apply when the athlete is closely defended. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Purpose This study investigated the association between leisure-time physical activity and its different types, and the occurrence of falls that resulted in seeking health services, stratifying by age groups (60–64; 65–74; 75 or more). Method This is a cross sectional population-based study based on data from the National Health Survey (2013), with a final sample consisting of 8436 older adults. Logistic and multinomial regression models were used. Results There was an inverse association between sports practice and a fall episode across age groups; in the 60–64 age group (OR 4.1 × 10–7; 95% CI 4 × 10–8–4 × 10–6) and in the 65–74 age group (OR 1.8 × 10–7; 95% CI 3 × 10–8–10–6). In the older age group, significant associations were found between the practice of leisure-time physical activity and falling (OR 5.7 × 10–8; 95% CI 3 × 10–8–10–7), and in the three types of leisure-time physical activity and fall. (Aerobic OR 6.0 × 10–8; 95% CI 3 × 10–8–10–7/ Sports OR 3.4 × 10–7; 95% CI 5 × 10–8–2 × 10–6/ Resistance training OR 4.4 × 10–8; 95%CI 3 × 10–8–10–7). Conclusion Although less practiced by the studied population, sport was the type of leisure physical activity that promoted greater protection for falls. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Purpose Fatigue-induced hip-abductor weakness may exacerbate lower-limb misalignments during different dynamic single-leg tasks. We sought to evaluate the effects of fatigue and task on lower limb kinematics and muscle activation and to find associations between measurements obtained in two tasks. Methods One-group pretest–posttest design. Seventeen healthy adults (9 W) performed the single-leg squat (SLSQUAT) and the single-leg hop (SLHOP) before and after a hip-abduction fatigue protocol. Hip adduction, knee frontal plane projection angle (knee FPPA) and heel inversion displacement were measured during the eccentric phase of the SLSQUAT and the SLHOP, as well as activation of the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), peroneus longus (PER) and tibialis anterior (TA). Moments and tasks were compared using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA. Correlation between tasks was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation. Results No differences in kinematics or activation were found between moments. Hip-adduction displacement (P = 0.005), GMed (P = 0.008) and PER (P = 0.037) activation were higher during SLSQUAT, while TA activation was higher during SLHOP (P < 0.001). No differences were found between tasks in knee FPPA and heel inversion. Hip-adduction and knee FPPA were not correlated between tasks, while ankle inversion displacement was positively correlated (rs = 0.524–0.746). Conclusion Different characteristics of SLSQUAT (slower and deeper) seem to have led to increased hip adduction displacement, GMed, and PER activation and decreased TA activation, likely due to higher balance requirements. However, hip-abductor fatigue didn’t influence lower-limb alignment during the tasks. Finally, evaluations should be performed with different single-leg tasks since they don’t give the same lower-limb alignment information. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Objective The length of the hamstring muscles plays an important role in human movements. The aim of the present study was to compare ROM, perceived tightness, and kinetic variables during balance, walking, and running tasks in athletes with and without hamstring tightness. Methods Thirty healthy female athletes (15 with hamstring tightness and 15 controls) were assessed for ROM, perceived tightness, and kinetic parameters which were obtained by Moticon SCIENCE insoles and Moticon software during single-leg balance, slow/fast walking, and running. Independent t test was used to compare the outcome measures between two groups. Results The results showed that the control group and the athletes with hamstring tightness are significantly different in regards to ROM, perceived tightness (P = 0.001), the mean center of pressure in the mediolateral direction (MCOPML) (P = 0.01) in single- leg balance, maximum total force of stance phase (MaxTFSP) (P < 0.02) in slow walking, and mean Y end point of gait line (MYEPGL) (P = 0.04) in fast walking. In the running task, none of the study variables were significantly different between the two groups of athletes with and without hamstring tightness. Conclusion It is recommended to pay more attention to the hamstring flexibility, especially during balance and walking tasks and regaining its normal length should be included in the rehabilitation plans. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Abstract Physical activity and fitness have been shown to be neuroprotective in the aging process, but the exact mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection need to be further evaluated. The current study sought to examine the influence of physical activity and fitness on the association between executive function and the strength of anti-correlated brain networks in community-dwelling older adults. Participants were 51 older adults (M = 73 years, SD = 6) who participated in neuropsychological testing, physical activity and fitness measurements, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moderated regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of physical activity and fitness on the association between cognitive performance and the anti-correlation between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). There was a significant main effect of physical activity and fitness on executive function, and no main effect of DMN/DAN anti-correlations on executive function. There was a significant moderating effect of average steps and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) on the relationship between DMN/DAN anti-correlations and executive function, suggesting that for individuals with the lowest levels of DMN/DAN anti-correlation, higher physical activity and fitness is associated with greater executive function. Results indicate physical activity and fitness may serve as protective factors for the aging brain. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic illness that is impacting the cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and cognitive function of a large spectrum of the worldwide population. The available pharmacological countermeasures of these long-term effects of COVID-19 are minimal, while myriads of non-specific non-pharmacological treatments are emerging in the literature. In this complicated scenario, particular emphasis should be dedicated to specific exercise interventions tailored for subjects and athletes recovering from COVID-19. Specific guidelines on adapted physical activity in this critical population are unavailable so far, therefore, in this position statement of the Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive (SISMeS) the members of the steering committee of the research group Attività Motoria Adattata, Alimentazione, Salute e Fitness have indicated the adapted physical activity approaches to counteract the long-term effects of the COVID-19, both in good health people and athletes. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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Abstract: Abstract In recent years, various intervention programs have been developed to enhance the quality of life of young athletes. This is particularly important for those who live in residences of professional clubs, far from their families. In this regard, we designed a positive psychology intervention program called “DÉPORVIDA”, aimed at enhancing character strengths. To assess the efficacy of this 8-week intervention, we tested 28 young soccer players from a Spanish professional club. The intervention program used a strength-based approach from the values in action (VIA) model, and was conducted by club employees with formal academic education. Data were analysed using a set of 2 × 2 (intervention × time) mixed design ANOVAs. Results revealed different trends for the intervention and the control groups participants for seasonal performance satisfaction and percentage of time feeling happy/unhappy, highlighting consistent changes in the desired direction. Overall, the results indicate that the DÉPORVIDA program is a useful tool to promote positive development in young athletes. PubDate: 2022-09-01
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