JournalTOCs

Sport Sciences for Health
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.311

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 5

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1825-1234 - ISSN (Online) 1824-7490
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Influence of age and fitness level on β-endorphin response to acute
aerobic exercise in healthy men
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  Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to investigate the time course of β-endorphin (β-EDP) levels in healthy males following an acute exercise, while considering their age and physical fitness (PF) level. Methods Participants (N = 29, 20–65 years) were categorized in good PF young adult (YA1), excellent PF young adult (YA2), and excellent PF middle-aged adult (MA) group, depending on peak oxygen uptake and age. They underwent a maximal incremental cycling test, with blood samples collected at baseline (T0), 15 min (T1), and 24 h post-exercise (T2). Serum β-EDP levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Results Significant increases in β-EDP levels were observed from T0 to T1 in all enrolled subjects. In YA1, levels rose from 170.1 to 202.5 pg/ml (p
  PubDate: 2025-03-09
Breaking down participation in sport and physical recreation for children
with disabilities: what it means and what can be seen
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  Abstract: Background Measuring participation in sport and physical recreation is important to identify children with low participation and to measure the effectiveness of interventions. This study aims to break down what participation in sport and physical recreation means in a way that is inclusive of children with disability, focussing on how observers such as families, coaches or health professionals might be able to identify, quantify, and describe the sport or physical recreation participation of a child with disability. Methods Adults with lived experience of childhood-onset disability, rehabilitation practitioners, and sports/recreation professionals and volunteers completed a Delphi study to clarify definitions of sport/physical recreation and identify potential indicators of participation in sport/physical recreation for children with disabilities. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% agreement. Questions were added in subsequent rounds to refine items not reaching agreement or with suggested modifications. Results Respondents (n = 29) agreed on definitions of sport and physical recreation consistent with Sports Australia definitions, as well as detailed descriptors of type, level and environmental context of activities. Respondents also agreed on items that may be indicators of participation (attendance and involvement) to someone observing. Conclusion Findings provide insight into how sport/physical recreation participation is perceived and could be measured in a comprehensive participation assessment tool for children with disabilities. Future research should be conducted with larger populations to confirm findings, investigate the relationship between proxy indicators and individuals’ experience of involvement, and pilot test any subsequent assessment tool.
  PubDate: 2025-03-09
Muscle quality is influenced by physical activity in former and current
smokers: The Iwaki Health Promotion Project in Japan
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  Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking status and muscle quality considering physical activity (PA). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study as a part of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2018. A total of 1003 participants were classified into six groups according to smoking status (never, former, or current smoker) and PA(with or without PA)-Never smokers with PA (n = 185) / without PA (n = 448), Former smokers with PA (n = 61) / without PA (n = 143), Current smokers with PA (n = 36) / without PA (n = 130). Muscle quality was evaluated using the bioelectric phase angle (PhA) measured by the impedance method. Smoking amount and duration were converted to pack year, and information about lifestyle habits, such as sleep time, alcohol drinking, and energy intake, were also collected. Univariate analysis was performed between PA and without PA groups in three different smoking statuses, and the correlation between PhA and pack year was investigated in each of the six groups. Multiple linear regression analysis for PhA of former and current smokers was performed to examine factors affecting PhA in smokers. Results The phase angle in former and current smokers without PA was lower than that with PA (p
  PubDate: 2025-03-07
Fatigue effects on the knee extensor rate of torque development scaling
factor during ballistic isometric contractions in physically active
individuals
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  Abstract: Purpose To investigate the effects of a fatiguing protocol on the knee extensors’ rate of torque development scaling factor (RTD-SF) during ballistic isometric contractions in physically active individuals. Methods The authors used a cross-over study design. Ten physically active male participated in two testing conditions: fatigue and control. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was evaluated, followed by baseline and post-fatigue RTD-SF assessments using an isokinetic dynamometer. RTD-SF was evaluated with 20 knee extensor ballistic isometric contractions at four intensities: 20, 40, 60, and 80% MVIC. Three RTD-SF calculation methods and their consistencies (R2) were analyzed according to two different phases of the torque–time curve: from the onset to the 50 ms time point, and between the 50 ms time point and the peak torque value. The fatiguing protocol consisted of 30 maximal concentric repetitions of the knee flexors and extensors at an angular velocity of 180°·s⁻1, with a range of motion of 90°. Results The absence of interaction between conditions and moments indicated no fatigability effect on RTD-SF and on its consistency, regardless of the rate of torque development (RTD) phase. The fatigue condition showed RTD-SFpeak of 9.6 ± 3.2 and R2peak of 0.681 ± 0.200 at baseline, compared to RTD-SFpeak of 9.6 ± 2.4 and R2peak of 0.761 ± 0.107 post-fatigue; the control condition showed RTD-SFpeak of 10.5 ± 3.2, and R2peak of 0.745 ± 0.176 at baseline, compared to RTD-SFpeak of 11.3 ± 2.6, and R2peak of 0.786 ± 0.133 post-rest. The other RTD-SF values for different RTD intensities followed similar trends (p > 0.05). Conclusion Knee extensor RTD-SF, as well as its consistency (R2), are not affected by muscle fatigability.
  PubDate: 2025-03-07
Movement Assessment Battery for Children—second edition (MABC-2):
aspects of reliability for Tunisian children (age band 1)
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  Abstract: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children—second edition (MABC-2) is a commonly used tool for assessing children's motor skills, which are vital for daily activities, motor development, learning readiness, and physical activity engagement. The MABC-2 has been established as an effective tool for monitoring motor development, evaluating motor skills, and screening for atypical development across cultures. However, its applicability to Tunisian children has not been fully investigated. To address this research gap, the present study explored the MABC-2 reliability in Tunisian preschool children (age band 1). Sixty two participants were selected from different kindergartens in Tunisia aged between 3 and 4 years old and 5–6 years old respectively. The results showed promising test–retest reliability across all MABC-2 items within age band 1 as well as between the 3–4 years old and the 5–6 years old groups (intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.7 and 0.99). Internal consistency results showed that all items had Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.79 suggesting that the results yielded by MABC-2 were consistent and reliable. Internal responsiveness revealed that the majority of items had good precision in detecting minor changes in performance, with only two tasks having low sensitivity, necessitating some adjustments to improve the test's psychometric quality. Overall, the MABC-2 demonstrated reliability in assessing motor skills among Tunisian preschoolers, providing valuable insights for clinicians and researchers working in this cultural context.
  PubDate: 2025-03-06
Effects of weight loss on psychological variables in combat sports
athletes: a systematic review
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  Abstract: Purpose To analyze the effects of weight loss on psychological variables in combat sports athletes. Methods Electronic searches were performed to find studies that investigated the psychological acute effects resulting from weight loss in combat sports athletes. Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to December, 2024. The quality assessment was conducted through the application of the RoBANS tool. Results Of the 1,602 articles retrieved in the electronic search and identified through other sources, 22 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 784 athletes (men: 557; women: 115; not reported/specified: 112) were investigated. The main results of the included studies reported deleterious effects of weight loss on mood states, as well as higher depression scores among athletes who lost weight. However, no differences for levels of burnout were verified after the weight loss. In addition, the effects of the loss seem to be influenced by the magnitude of the loss. Conclusion Weight loss appears to have negative psychological effects in combat sport athletes, especially on mood and depression levels. However, most studies present limitations that lead to important biases in the interpretation of the results. PROSPERO register number: CRD42023394712.
  PubDate: 2025-03-05
Seasonal Changes in Acceleration-Speed Profiles: Insights from Soccer
Players Across Diverse Age Groups
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  Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the variation of the Acceleration–Speed (A-S) profile throughout one season in different age groups of elite young and professional soccer athletes. A total of 126 athletes from under-14 to B-team levels were analyzed in terms of their A-S profile, across a season divided in six training blocks. For all the blocks, we have calculated maximal theoretical acceleration (A0) and maximal theoretical speed (S0). Results revealed significant increases only in the S0 value for the under-15 age group (p
  PubDate: 2025-03-04
Six minutes of foam rolling or bodyweight holding impair subsequent drop
jump performance: a randomized controlled trial
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  Abstract: Foam rolling (FR) is suggested to be a valid alternative movement preparation strategy to stretching, with comparable range of motion (ROM) increases without the performance decrements associated with prolonged static stretching. Nevertheless, prior literature used small FR volumes, while secondly comparing results to a passive control. Passive control comparisons do not allow for a differentiation between FR and general movement effects. Consequently, this study randomly allocated 60 participants (20 per group) to a control (CG), FR or bodyweight (BW) group. The BW performed FR movements without using a FR to explore whether using the roll would provide superior effects compared to the SR condition on drop jump (DJ) performance. While hypothesizing beneficial FR effects on subsequent performance, the results showed 6 min of FR and SR resulted in a significant, large magnitude effect size (p
  PubDate: 2025-03-03
Immediate effects of sports massage on muscle strength, power and balance
after simulated trail running in the cold
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  Abstract: Purpose Despite the efficacy of sports massage as a recovery strategy is still debated and most research suggests minor effects, little is known about the potential effects on recovery after exercise in a cold environment. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 13 male trail runners (30 years, range 23–37) who ran on a treadmill inside a climatic chamber at 5 °C, for 15 min uphill (15%) at 40% of the maximum aerobic velocity (VAM), followed by 15 min downhill (− 15%) at 70% of the VAM. After the run, sports massage was performed on a randomized anterior and posterior thigh for 10 min total. Assessments were performed before the run (t0) and after the massage (t2), and results were compared with the non-treated lower limb, including single-leg isometric strength and jump, balance, skin temperature and pain. Results Sports massage was associated with increased anterior thigh skin temperature (p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.455) and improved single-leg balance (p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.452) and pain (p
  PubDate: 2025-03-01
Acute effects of the duration of percussive massage on flexibility and
muscle force
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  Abstract: Background Percussive massage (PM) is performed using massage guns. Recently, PM has gained popularity, and it is commonly performed to improve flexibility and performance. However, the acute effects of different durations of PM are unclear. Aims This randomized, crossover trial examined the acute effects of different PM durations on the range of motion (ROM), peak passive torque (PPT), passive stiffness, and isometric muscle force. Methods Sixteen healthy young men participated in this study. PM of the right plantar flexors for 60, 180, and 300 s, and 300 s resting as a control condition, were performed on four separate days in random order. We measured the ROM, PPT, and passive stiffness during passive ankle dorsiflexion. We also measured the maximum voluntary isometric ankle plantar flexion force immediately before and after the intervention. Results The ROM and PPT were significantly increased, and passive stiffness was significantly decreased after all PM interventions (all p
  PubDate: 2025-03-01
Effects of otago and fit-and-fall proof home-based exercises on older
adults' balance, quality of life, and fear of falling: a randomized,
single-blind clinical trial
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  Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of Otago and Fit-and-Fall Proof (FFP) home-based exercises on balance, quality of life (QoL), and fear of falling (FOF) in older adults. Methods In this study, 39 older adults participated and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Otago, FFP, or control. The Four-Stage Balance Test, Timed Up and Go Test, Falls Efficacy Scale-International Questionnaire and the Older People's QoL Questionnaire were used to evaluate static balance (SB), dynamic balance (DB), FOF and QoL respectively. Individuals in the intervention groups performed the exercises for eight weeks, three times per week, for 60 min per session. Participants in the control group were instructed to maintain their normal routines during this period. The data were analyzed by conducting a mixed-design repeated measure (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis test at a p
  PubDate: 2025-02-27
Acute responses to strength training with face mask use on perceptual,
physiological, and exercise performance parameters: a meta-analytical
review with GRADE recommendation
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  Abstract: Purpose Meta-analytical review to explore the impact of face mask use during strength training (ST) on perceptual, physiological, and functional acute responses across diverse training statuses. Methods Clinical Trials published up to January 2025 were included. The following databases were searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SportDiscus, and PsychInfo and pre-print databases. Seven randomized trials (all cross-over designs with some concerns about the risk of bias) were included. Our study was conducted by two reviewers at each phase and a third reviewer for conflict resolution. Results A total of 7,490 records were identified across all databases combined. During the full-text review stage, 76 trials were deemed eligible; ultimately, seven peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analyses revealed that face mask use during ST does not significantly affect the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure, heart rate (HR), or repetition maximum (RM). However, it leads to a decrease in blood lactate (LA) levels (n = 5; strong effect; very uncertain). Conclusion The face mask wearing during ST does not affect RPE, cardiovascular (e.g., SpO2%, blood pressure, and HR), and functional muscular capacity (e.g., RMs) aspects, while producing decreased LA. However, due to the high heterogeneity and low evidence certainty level, our results should be interpreted with caution.
  PubDate: 2025-02-27
Angle-based regularized deep learning model for gauging effectiveness in
performing yoga postures
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  Abstract: Practicing yoga benefits both mental and nervous system and helps mitigate several health problems. However, not performing yoga in the correct manner can worsen the symptoms as well. This work presents a novel technology-driven approach named spondylitis-related yoga MediaPipe angle-based regularized network (SpY_MARNet) to assist people to perform yoga postures for treating spondylitis in the correct way. This work enables real-time interaction and provides immediate feedback, assisting in correcting postures and suggesting modifications if necessary. This work also monitors the duration for which each pose is retained which is a vital aspect of yoga practice. Also, the users are categorized into beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels based on their yoga performance. By using the model we achieved an accuracy of 99.7%. The results indicate significant promise in aiding individuals with spondylitis, opening avenues for further research and application in other physical therapies and wellness practices.
  PubDate: 2025-02-27
Efficacy and safety of exercise training for treating major depressive
disorder in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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  Abstract: Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly impacting their quality of life and treatment outcomes. While pharmacological interventions have limitations, exercise training has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological approach. This review aims to review the efficacy and safety of exercise training interventions for treating MDD in MS patients. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of electronic databases was conducted up to May 2024. Studies assessing exercise training's effects on MDD in MS patients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved through consensus or arbitration. Results Ten studies (3 RCTs, 7 observational) met inclusion criteria, comprising 1174 MS patients. Meta-analysis of six studies demonstrated a moderate reduction in depression scores (Hedges's g = –0.51, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.32) favoring exercise interventions compared to controls. No significant heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 0.00%). Various exercise modalities including endurance training, Pilates, and cycling showed efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis provide robust evidence supporting exercise training as a beneficial adjunctive therapy for alleviating depressive symptoms in MS patients. Healthcare providers should consider integrating exercise programs into comprehensive treatment plans for managing MDD in this population.
  PubDate: 2025-02-27
Effects of circuit resistance training on serum myokine METRNL and
cardiometabolic health markers in overweight participants: a 6 week
intervention study
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  Abstract: Purpose This study investigated the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on Meteorin-like protein (METRNL), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and metabolic health markers in overweight individuals. Methods Thirty overweight male university students (BMI: 25–30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a 6-week CRT intervention group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The CRT program comprised three weekly 45 min sessions at 60–70% of one-repetition maximum. Serum METRNL, IL-4, IL-13, insulin resistance index, body composition, and lipid profile were measured pre- and post-interventions. Results The CRT group showed significant improvements compared to the controls. Body mass index and body fat percentage decreased, while serum METRNL, IL-4, and IL-13 levels increased significantly (p
  PubDate: 2025-02-26
The educational intervention based on social cognitive theory to promote
physical activity participation in older adults: a quasi-experimental
study
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  Abstract: Background Promoting physical activity (PA) behavior can help older adults create and maintain an active lifestyle. The study was conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on PA participation among Iranian older adults. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 88 older adults referring to health centers in Isfahan City in 2024 were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and divided into 2 intervention and control groups. Questionnaires were filled out in two groups before, 3, and 12 months after the six educational sessions based on SCT in the intervention group. Data were analyzed using RM-ANOVA and MANCOVA in SPSS23 software. Results The mean age of participants was 68.77 ± 7.52. Three- and twelve-month follow-ups in the intervention group showed significant increases in mean scores of self-efficacy, social support, expectancy, and outcome value. PA participation levels also increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P
  PubDate: 2025-02-26
Does physical activity increase the smoking prevalence': findings from
URBAN-HEART2
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  Abstract: Introduction Many socioeconomic factors can influence unhealthy behaviors like smoking as they play an important role in social and individual health problems. It is imperative to identify how tobacco is associated with the social and demographic risk factors as well as other health behaviors particularly physical activity (PA). The study further aimed to evaluate whether physical activity influences smoking prevalence. Methods This study was a comprehensive survey with a cross-sectional study in 22 districts and 368 neighborhoods of Tehran in 2011. We evaluated the relationship between different types of PA (work time, leisure-time, and travel time) and smoking with moderators of sex, family income satisfaction, housing status, and violence. Results Out of 7388 participants, the majority of them were male (83.75%) and married (77.6%). There was a significant relationship between smoking with sex, age, family income satisfaction, job-status, family violence, education, housing status (P value
  PubDate: 2025-02-24
Explaining behavioral factors affecting physical activity and nutritional
behavior in middle-aged people: a qualitative study
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  Abstract: Purpose Changing lifestyle to include healthy eating and physical activities is an effective way to reduce non-communicable diseases. Less is known about the prevalent attitudes the middle-aged hold toward the behavioral factors affecting physical activity and healthy eating behaviors. The present study was conducted to investigate the behavioral factors affecting physical activity and nutritional behaviors among the middle-aged individuals using a qualitative approach. Methods The present study employed a qualitative approach and used directed content analysis of data collected from the middle-aged visiting healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas city. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Twenty five participants were selected through a purposive sampling with a maximum variety of sex, age, education, marital status and occupation. The interviews continued until data saturation. Guba and Lincoln’s trustworthiness criteria were used to assess the transferability of findings. The data management was done in MAXQDA 20. Results Nine sub-categories affecting physical activity and nutritional behavior were identified, including behavioral skills, appropriate physical activity skill, healthy cooking skill, life skills, goal setting, proper timing, proper strategy, planning to achieve goals, and psychosocial and tangible aspects. Conclusion The present findings showed that learning certain skills as well as certain social and psychological boosters can increase intention and performance of regular physical activity and proper nutritional behaviors.
  PubDate: 2025-02-24
Short-term swimming induces the enhancement of mitochondrial-, survival-,
and proliferation-related proteins in the hippocampus of healthy aged mice
without affecting behavior
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  Abstract: It is known that aging is the primary risk factor for developing most neurodegenerative diseases. Non-pharmacological treatment through the practice of physical exercise has been showing success in the prevention and treatment of a vast number of diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral and molecular changes in the hippocampus of healthy aged mice after a short-term swimming protocol. Eighteen-months old male C57BL/6 J mice (n = 8 /group) were divided randomly into three groups: Control, Swim 1x, and Swim 5x. Control mice did not swim and Swim 1 × performed the exercise protocol once a week, always on Mondays, while Swim 5 × performed the exercise protocol five times per week, Monday to Friday. Control and Swim 1 × mice groups were taken to the room where the physical exercise protocol occurred, and their cages were left there for 30 min at all the days that they did not swim but that the Swim 5 × group swam. Therefore, all mice were transferred and exposed to the same physical exercise room environment five times per week. Animals went through a habituation week, and the training protocol was initiated 48 h after the last familiarization session. Swimming sessions consisted of 30 min, with no overload, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (Swim 5x) or once a week, for 2 weeks (Swim 1x). We used open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze to evaluate possible changes in behavior. While there were no behavioral changes in locomotor activity, anxiety, or spatial memory, the group that exercised more often showed alterations in the hippocampus molecular machinery, including increased levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, BCL2, and BDNF. Short-term swimming 5 days per week for 2 weeks induced the enhancement of the levels of mitochondrial-, survival-, and proliferation-related proteins in the hippocampus of aged mice, while swimming once a week was not capable of inducing molecular changes.
  PubDate: 2025-02-24
Association of greenspaces accessibility and proximity with physical
activity: a systematic review
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  Abstract: Background Recent studies have shown that greenspace is associated with the level of physical activity (PA). We conducted a comprehensive review of qualitative and quantitative studies to provide an overview of the association between greenspaces and PA. Methods We searched electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, and reviewed all studies conducted on greenspace and PA. Reviewers independently screened studies based on titles and abstracts. Data were extracted by two authors using a predefined data extraction sheet. The quality of related documents was assessed independently by two research experts using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results After the initial search and reviewing the titles and abstracts of 318 articles, we included 45 articles in this study. The total sample size of all selected studies was 415,156 individuals. Among the 29 studies evaluating proximity, 9 studies (31.0%) found a positive association, 7 studies (24.1%) reported a negative association, 3 studies (10.3%) found both positive and negative associations based on the definition of PA, and 10 studies (34.5%) reported no association between proximity to greenspace and physical activity. Regarding access to greenspace, out of the 16 reports, 7 studies (43.7%) found a positive association, 3 studies (18.7%) found a negative association, 1 study (6.2%) found both negative and positive associations based on the definitions of access, and 5 studies (31.2%) found no association between access to greenspace and physical activity. Conclusion Our results indicate that the association between proximity to parks and PA varied among studies, potentially due to heterogeneity in exposure measurement. However, the majority of the studies indicated a positive association between PA and access to greenspaces. Thus, more prospective cohort studies in different settings are in need to reach a definitive conclusion on this association.
  PubDate: 2025-02-21

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