Abstract: Laboratory Measurements of the Performances of the Sweeping Langmuir Probe Instrument Aboard the PICASSO CubeSat Sylvain Ranvier and Jean-Pierre Lebreton Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2022-7,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) The Sweeping Langmuir Probe on board the PICASSO CubeSat was designed to measure the plasma parameters. Before launch, the instrument has been tested in a plasma chamber. It is shown that the traditional method to interpret the data cannot be applied directly for this type of probes, and an adaptation is proposed. It is reported how, with a reduced number of data points, the plasma parameters can still be retrieved. Finally, the effect of the contamination of the probe surface are investigated. PubDate: Thu, 12 May 2022 09:06:39 +020 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2022-72022
Abstract: Leveling airborne geophysical data using a unidirectional variational model Qiong Zhang, Changchang Sun, Fei Yan, Chao Lv, and Yunqing Liu Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 183–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-183-2022, 2022 In airborne survey, dynamic flight conditions cause unequal data levels, which seriously impact airborne geophysical data analysis and interpretation. A new technique is proposed to level geophysical data in view of the image space properties. We have confirmed the reliability of the method by applying it to the airborne electromagnetic, magnetic and apparent-conductivity data. The method can automatically extract leveling errors without the participation of staff members or tie-line control. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 13:28:41 +020 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-183-2022 2022
Abstract: Upgrade of LSA-SAF Meteosat Second Generation daily surface albedo (MDAL) retrieval algorithm incorporating aerosol correction and other improvements Daniel Juncu, Xavier Ceamanos, Isabel F. Trigo, Sandra Gomes, and Sandra C. Freitas Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2022-6,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) MDAL is a near real-time, satellite-based surface albedo product based on the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation mission. We propose an update to the processing algorithm that generates MDAL and evaluate the results of these changes through comparison against the pre-update, currently operational MDAL product, as well as another satellite based albedo product, ETAL, and data based on in-situ measurements. We find that the update provides a valuable improvement. PubDate: Mon, 25 Apr 2022 14:28:30 +020 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2022-62022
Abstract: Wind speed influences corrected Autocalibrated Soil Evapo-respiration Chamber (ASERC) evaporation measures Bartosz M. Zawilski Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 163–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-163-2022, 2022 Soil evaporation is one of the most important water vapor sources on the Earth with multiple and severe consequences; however, there is a relative lack of instruments to measure it. This study describes a simple apparatus making the soil evaporation measurement accessible. The soil evaporation complexity is overcome by measuring the evaporation dynamic under different measurement conditions. A relatively simple measurement correction is then performed depending on the wind speed. PubDate: Tue, 05 Apr 2022 13:07:29 +020 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-163-2022 2022
Abstract: Swarm Langmuir probes' data quality validation and future improvements Filomena Catapano, Stephan Buchert, Enkelejda Qamili, Thomas Nilsson, Jerome Bouffard, Christian Siemes, Igino Coco, Raffaella D'Amicis, Lars Tøffner-Clausen, Lorenzo Trenchi, Poul Erik Holmdahl Olsen, and Anja Stromme Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 149–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-149-2022, 2022 The quality control and validation activities performed by the Swarm data quality team reveal the good-quality LPs. The analysis demonstrated that the current baseline plasma data products are improved with respect to previous baseline. The LPs have captured the ionospheric plasma variability over more than half of a solar cycle, revealing the data quality dependence on the solar activity. The quality of the LP data will further improve promotion of their application to a broad range of studies. PubDate: Thu, 24 Mar 2022 09:24:40 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-149-2022 2022
Abstract: A muographic study of a scoria cone from 11 directions using nuclear emulsion cloud chambers Seigo Miyamoto, Shogo Nagahara, Kunihiro Morishima, Toshiyuki Nakano, Masato Koyama, and Yusuke Suzuki Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 127–147, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-127-2022, 2022 In recent years, imaging of density inside volcanoes using cosmic-ray muons has been studied. In some previous studies, observations were conducted in 2 or 3 directions to obtain 3D resolution. For higher resolution, we tried to observe a volcano from 11 directions using special photographic films. The observation and analytical techniques developed in this study may be applied to other volcanoes and large objects. Reconstructing 3D images of the volcano is in progress using the obtained data. PubDate: Tue, 22 Mar 2022 14:54:31 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-127-2022 2022
Abstract: Single Event Effect Testing of the PNI RM3100 Magnetometer for Space Applications Mark Moldwin, Edward Wilcox, Eftyhia Zesta, and Todd Bonalsky Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2022-5,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) The commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) PNI RM3100 Magnetometer was tested for single-event latchup (SEL) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's heavy-ion beam and did not experience any single-event effects at a linear energy transfer> 75 MeVcm2/mg. Coupled with previous total ionizing dose (TID) testing at the University of Michigan and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center that showed no degradation in performance upto 150 kRad(SI), the COTS PNI RM3100 is extremely radiation tolerant. PubDate: Tue, 22 Mar 2022 14:54:31 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2022-52022
Abstract: A self-sufficient mobile broadband seismological recording system for year-round operation in Antarctica Alfons Eckstaller, Jölund Asseng, Erich Lippmann, and Steven Franke Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2022-4,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) We present a mobile and self-sufficient seismometer station concept for operation in polar regions. The energy supply can be adapted as required using the modular cascading of battery boxes, wind generators, solar cells or backup batteries, which enables optimum use of limited resources. Our system concept is not specifically limited to the application to seismology stations. It is a suitable system managing the power supply for all types of self-sufficient measuring systems in polar regions. PubDate: Wed, 09 Mar 2022 15:41:51 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2022-42022
Abstract: Contributors to fluxgate magnetic noise in permalloy foils including a potential new copper alloy regime David M. Miles, Richard Dvorsky, Kenton Greene, Christian T. Hansen, B. Barry Narod, and Michael D. Webb Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 111–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-111-2022, 2022 We present an experiment intended to enable extremely low-noise magnetic field measurements. We manufactured fluxgate magnetometer cores using two metal alloys, two geometries, two foil thicknesses, and six different heat treatments and compared the resulting material properties, power consumption, and magnetic noise. Our results suggest that thinner foils, potentially using a new copper alloy, manufactured into continuous racetrack washers may provide excellent performance in fluxgate sensors. PubDate: Thu, 03 Mar 2022 11:35:49 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-111-2022 2022
Abstract: MOLISENS: a modular MObile LIdar SENsor System to exploit the potential of automotive lidar for geoscientific applications Thomas Goelles, Tobias Hammer, Stefan Muckenhuber, Birgit Schlager, Jakob Abermann, Christian Bauer, Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez, Wolfgang Schöner, Markus Schratter, Benjamin Schrei, and Kim Senger Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2022-3,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for automotive lidar sensors independent of a complete vehicle setup. MOLISENS supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications. The mobile mapping application of MOLISENS has been tested under various conditions and results are shown from two surveys in the Lurgrotte cave system in Austria and a glacier cave in Longyearbreen on Svalbard. PubDate: Tue, 22 Feb 2022 18:52:08 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2022-32022
Abstract: Assessing the feasibility of a directional cosmic-ray neutron sensing sensor for estimating soil moisture Till Francke, Maik Heistermann, Markus Köhli, Christian Budach, Martin Schrön, and Sascha E. Oswald Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 75–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-75-2022, 2022 Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive tool for measuring hydrogen pools like soil moisture, snow, or vegetation. This study presents a directional shielding approach, aiming to measure in specific directions only. The results show that non-directional neutron transport blurs the signal of the targeted direction. For typical instruments, this does not allow acceptable precision at a daily time resolution. However, the mere statistical distinction of two rates is feasible. PubDate: Wed, 16 Feb 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-75-2022 2022
Abstract: Towards agricultural soil carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification through the Field Observatory Network (FiON) Olli Nevalainen, Olli Niemitalo, Istem Fer, Antti Juntunen, Tuomas Mattila, Olli Koskela, Joni Kukkamäki, Layla Höckerstedt, Laura Mäkelä, Pieta Jarva, Laura Heimsch, Henriikka Vekuri, Liisa Kulmala, Åsa Stam, Otto Kuusela, Stephanie Gerin, Toni Viskari, Julius Vira, Jari Hyväluoma, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Annalea Lohila, Tuomas Laurila, Jussi Heinonsalo, Tuula Aalto, Iivari Kunttu, and Jari Liski Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 93–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-93-2022, 2022 Better monitoring of soil carbon sequestration is needed to understand the best carbon farming practices in different soils and climate conditions. We, the Field Observatory Network (FiON), have therefore established a methodology for monitoring and forecasting agricultural carbon sequestration by combining offline and near-real-time field measurements, weather data, satellite imagery, and modeling. To disseminate our work, we built a website called the Field Observatory (fieldobservatory.org). PubDate: Wed, 16 Feb 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-93-2022 2022
Abstract: Research into using a fiber Bragg grating sensor group for three-dimensional in situ stress measurement Yimin Liu, Zhengyang Hou, Hao Zhou, Guiyun Gao, Lu Yang, Pu Wang, and Peng Wang Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 59–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-59-2022, 2022 We use technical methods of instrument development, calibration experiments, and numerical simulations to develop a new type of in situ stress sensor group using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology, which can calculate the in situ stress state of surrounding rock mass by sensing the borehole wall strain. This sensor group lays an important theoretical and experimental foundation for the development and application of FBG hole wall strain gauge. PubDate: Mon, 07 Feb 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-59-2022 2022
Abstract: On the determination of ionospheric electron density profiles using multi-frequency riometry Derek McKay, Juha Vierinen, Antti Kero, and Noora Partamies Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 25–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-25-2022, 2022 When radio waves from our galaxy enter the Earth's atmosphere, they are absorbed by electrons in the upper atmosphere. It was thought that by measuring the amount of absorption, it would allow the height of these electrons in the atmosphere to be determined. If so, this would have significance for future instrument design. However, this paper demonstrates that it is not possible to do this, but it does explain how multiple-frequency measurements can nevertheless be useful. PubDate: Thu, 27 Jan 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-25-2022 2022
Abstract: Measuring electrical properties of the lower troposphere using enhanced meteorological radiosondes R. Giles Harrison Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 37–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-37-2022, 2022 Weather balloons are released every day around the world to obtain the latest atmospheric data for weather forecasting. Expanding the range of sensors they carry can make additional quantities available, such as for atmospheric turbulence, cloud electricity, energetic particles from space and, in emergency situations, volcanic ash or radioactivity. An adaptable system has been developed to provide these and other measurements, without interfering with the core weather data. PubDate: Thu, 27 Jan 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-37-2022 2022
Abstract: Accuracies of field CO2−H2O data from open-path eddy-covariance flux systems: Assessment based on atmospheric physics and biological environment Xinhua Zhou, Tian Gao, Ning Zheng, Yanlei Li, Fengyuan Yu, Tala Awada, and Jiaojun Zhu Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2022-1,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) Overall accuracy of CO2/H2O data from open-path eddy-covariance systems is modeled for data analysis. The model is further formulated into CO2 and H2O accuracy equations for uses. Based on atmospheric physics and bioenvironment, both equations are used to evaluate accuracy of ecosystem CO2/H2O data and, as rationales, to assess field CO2/H2O zero and span procedures for the systems. The procedures are assessed for measurement improvement. An impractical H2O span while cold is found unnecessary. PubDate: Wed, 26 Jan 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2022-12022
Abstract: Evaluating low-cost topographic surveys for computations of conveyance Hubert T. Samboko, Sten Schurer, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Hodson Makurira, Kawawa Banda, and Hessel Winsemius Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-1-2022, 2022 The study was conducted along the Luangwa River in Zambia. It combines low-cost instruments such as UAVs and GPS kits to collect data for the purposes of water management. A novel technique which seamlessly merges the dry and wet bathymetry before application in a hydraulic model was applied. Successful implementation resulted in water authorities with small budgets being able to monitor flows safely and efficiently without significant compromise on accuracy. PubDate: Tue, 25 Jan 2022 13:37:47 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-11-1-2022 2022
Abstract: Design and operation of a long-term monitoring system for spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) Maximilian Weigand, Egon Zimmermann, Valentin Michels, Johan Alexander Huisman, and Andreas Kemna Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-36,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) Construction, operation and analysis of an sEIT field-monitoring setup with high spatial and temporal resolution is presented. Electromagnetic induction errors are corrected, allowing the recovery of images of in-phase conductivity and electrical polarization of up to 1 kHz. PubDate: Tue, 18 Jan 2022 09:52:43 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2021-362022
Abstract: GeoAI: a review of Artificial Intelligence approaches for the interpretation of complex Geomatics data Roberto Pierdicca and Marina Paolanti Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-32,2022 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) This review paper attempts to discuss how, the disruption of AI based data processing, has changed significantly the way Geomatics data are processed and interpreted. Among the sub-disciplines that are included in the umbrella of Geomatics, we focused on the kind of data that have been more recently faced by the research community, and tried to outline the recent trends and future research directions. PubDate: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 23:55:29 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2021-322022
Abstract: The Soil heat flow sensor functioning checks, imbalances’ origins and forgotten energies Bartosz Marian Zawilski Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-34,2021 Preprint under review for GI (discussion: open, 0 comments) Surface Energy Balance (SEB) closure check and important environmental variables monitoring require soil heat flux measurement. On one hand every experimental technique has its possible errors and need to be checked and corrected. On the other hand, SEB equation should include all sensed energy sources and sinks. PubDate: Fri, 10 Dec 2021 17:30:46 +010 DOI: 10.5194/gi-2021-342021
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