JournalTOCs

World Environment
Number of Followers: 2

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2163-1573 - ISSN (Online) 2163-1581
Published by SAP

[105 journals]

Morphometric Analysis of Delta River Niger Basin in Nigeria Using
Geospatial Approach
- Abstract: Publication year: 2023Source: World Environment, Volume 13, Number 1Ahuchaogu Udo E., Ojinnaka Oliver C., Akajiaku C. Chukwuocha, Duru Uchenna U., Okoroji Anthony C.In Delta state, series of water related disaster abound and this requires the use of state- of- the- art technologies to monitor so as to sustain the environments. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in characterization of Morphometric attributes of Delta River Niger basin in Nigeria. Basic terrain and hydrological parameters such as slope aspect, 3-D Landscape, sub-catchments, flow direction, channel networks, drainage density, stream orders, stream frequency etc. have been processed using Advance space borne thermal emission and reflection Data (ASTER DEM) in GIS environment. Ground truthing and accuracy assessment has been carried out to ensure the reliability of the result. Based on Strahler’s method of stream ordering, the river basin is designated as 4th order basin, with 1st order streams mostly dominating. The overall stream network revealed a hierarchy of 1st, 2nd, 3rd order streams with river Niger positioned as 4th order streams in the hierarchy. This study reveals a total number of 123 streams draining an area of 17530 square kilometers of land. The total sum of the lengths of the streams and rivers measured 2907.33 kilometers giving rises to a drainage density of 0.1659km-1. It further revealed that there are ninety-six (96) first order streams, twenty (20) second order streams and seven (7) third order streams within the basin. Further investigation revealed that the basin has circulatory ratio of 0.4, stream frequency of 7.017 x 10-3, Form factor of 0.154, basin length of 337.60km and bifurcation ratio between the range of 4.75 to 5.0. These digital derivatives are essential for the proper management of the river basin and also attest that Remote Sensing and GIS can be effectively utilized as a viable tool to study river basins and their associated morphometry.
Analysis of the Impacts of Population Growth and Land Use Changes on Water
Resources in River Kuja Basin, Kenya
- Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: World Environment, Volume 12, Number 1Vincent Ogembo, Lorna Grace Okotto, Julius ManyallaRiver basins have experienced alterations in their general hydrologic patterns occasioned by the pressure from population growth on land use systems and practices. This has affected natural resources and agricultural activities within the basins. This study sought to analyse the impacts of population increase and land use changes on the water resources of River Kuja basin for the period between the years 1990 to 2020. Population change and growth was analysed based on the decadal census for Kenyan population data from the Kenya Bureau of Statistics. Questionnaires investigating the hydrological and land use changes were administered to a sample population size of 400 households and the data analysed using SPSS software. Land use changes were determined using satellite images analysis for the year 1990 and 2020. The human population in the basin increased from 1,408,887 in 1989 to 2,215,764 in 2019 translating to 57.3% increase with a compounded growth rate of 1.52%. In a survey of 400 households, 75.0% acknowledged land use changes while 78.8% recognized variations in weather and hydrological patterns. 65.6% noted the change in River Kuja flow over the 30 years. Land degradation was a major problem at 95.0% where 48% of households preferred conservation farming to other four measures. The satellite images analysis for the year 1990 and 2020 showed an overall percentage land use land cover change of 82%. The analysis showed surface water resources reduced from 41sq.km to 36sq.km in the three decadal temporal space. This was contributed to by different land use classes pointing mainly to anthropogenic factors as the main cause of the conversion from one class to another. The integration of the population increase, household survey and remote sensing techniques on land use changes revealed that population increase and agricultural expansion stimulated land clearance and human settlement causing land degradation and water resources depletion in the basin. As such, there is a need to design conservation and policy measures to conserve the water resources within the basin.
An Investigation of Endophytes from Roots of Pea Plant
- Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: World Environment, Volume 12, Number 1Oluwapelumi Shodubi, Jordan Johnson, Jennifer Laifa, Hattie SpencerEndophytes are bacteria that are found inside plants protecting the plant and enhancing plant growth. They are found in all species of plants, but their relationship is not well understood. The study hypothesized that the endophytes would be found in the roots of pea plants. In the present study, seeds of the pea were purchased from the garden center and grown for six weeks. After six weeks, the plants were harvested, measured, and weighed. The roots were separated from the shoots and roots were cleaned to remove debris. The roots were then sterilized using sterile water and 70% ethanol. The roots were mixed in magnesium sulfate solution using a mortar and pestle. The tryptic soy agar plates were used to grow bacteria. After 24 hours of incubation, the morphology of the colonies was observed. A simple staining procedure was performed using methylene blue. The Gram staining procedure was also conducted. A catalase test was conducted as well. A starch hydrolysis test was also performed. The colonies were also grown on MacConkey agar. The result indicated that the colonies were smooth, and elevated rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria cells. The result indicated that cells were catalase-positive and could not hydrolyze starch. Although the cells grew on MacConkey, they could not ferment lactose. The strain of bacteria was found to be from the genus Pseudomonas. In conclusion, Pseudomonas is one of the bacteria found in the roots of pea plants.
Contemporary Carwash Wastewater Recycling Technologies: A Systematic
Literature Review
- Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: World Environment, Volume 11, Number 2Agyen K. G., Monney I., Antwi-Agyei P.Faced with dwindling freshwater resources globally, many industries, including the carwash industry, have turned to wastewater recycling technologies. But the performance of these technologies, their environmental impacts, and economic viability have not been extensively examined. This systematic review examined the treatment efficiencies of modern carwash wastewater recycling technologies, their cost implications, and their by-products. The study drew on an extensive literature search spanning the last decade and found 34 research articles suitable. The results showed combined treatment methods as the most typical approach adopted for treating carwash wastewater. Combined technologies incorporating membrane filtration process almost completely remove COD (99%) and turbidity (99%), but flux reduction and membrane fouling present significant problems. Other technologies employing chemical or electrochemical coagulation produce sludge containing hydroxide and oxyhydroxide ions. But this sludge is mainly landfilled. The highest capital and annual operational costs for the technologies assessed are about US$10,000 and US$3000, respectively. The payback period ranged between 5 and 140 months and saves up to 5000m3 of freshwater annually, translating into savings of about US$20,000 yearly. This study generally observed an extensive focus on the treatment efficiencies of CWW recycling technologies to the neglect of their economic viability and environmental impact. Areas for further studies are discussed in the paper.
Unexpected Effects of Advanced Wireless Sensor Technology on Climate
Change
- Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: World Environment, Volume 11, Number 2Md Rahimullah Miah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Jorin Tasnim Parisa, Md Sher-E-Alam, Foujia Akhtar, Motia Begum, Chowdhury Shadman Shahriar, Alexander Kiew Sayok, Fuad Abdullah, Mir Abu Saleh Shamsuddin, Md Shoaibur Rahman, Md. Amir Sharif, AAM Shazzadur Rahman, Mohammad Shamsul Alam, Mohammad Belal Uddin, Shahriar Hussain ChowdhuryAt the heart of today's intensifying global climate crisis is the misuse of wireless sensor technology. A class of humanoid cyber hackers is responsible for this unwanted climate change. Everyone is using advanced wireless technology, but no one is fully aware of its impact on climate change. Sophisticated sensor technology has given people mobility, while also embracing psychological disorders associated with the stagnation of life. That is why some people strive for success, while others are frustrated by its misuse. Many scientists, researchers, experts, policy makers, lawyers, and statesmen around the world are worried, surprised, and stunned by unpredictable climate change. Experts are all looking for the right way to live well, mitigating the climate crisis for present and future generations. That is why climate scientists have identified the root causes of climate change through wireless tracking with processed sensor networks at the locations in Global Positioning System and Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Research shows that cyber hackers are abusing wireless sensor technology to cause climate change around the world. The study represents artificial technological disasters, resulting in sensor cyclones and hurricanes, wildfires, flash floods, non-seasonal floods, sensor landslide, artificial earthquakes, sensor tsunamis, bridge collapses, river erosion, sensor damage to buildings, plants, people, and animals. It is also known that frequent illness, sudden cracking in roads and highways, burning objects, sudden temperature fluctuations, swelling and shrinking of water, drought, desertification, digital poisoning and object obstructing etc. occurred by misuse of processed wireless sensor technology that can kill living people and animals in a specific and dynamic place in an instant. The researchers believe that the novel climate study will open the eyes of all conscious circles and they will be able to understand the root causes of global climate change and make the right decision for the rationalized generations who are facing the complicated challenges of an increasingly unstable future accordingly. Finally, the study suggests the path for future research into a new alternative dynamic policy for preventing climate disasters for a peaceful world that will protect all humans and living-beings on Earth and ensure the right to life for all.
Roles and Strategies of the Local Government in Municipal Solid Waste
Management in Ghana: Implications for Environmental Sustainability
- Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: World Environment, Volume 11, Number 1Shuo Seah, Dominic Addo-FordwuorOne of the major banes of urban managers in Ghana is the poor management of municipal solid waste (MSW) and this phenomenon inhibits the promotion of environmental sustainability. In Ghana, the local government is a key actor in MSW management at the district level. The study therefore aimed to evaluate the roles and strategies of the local government in MSW management in Ghana using the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA) as a case study. To achieve the study objectives, exploratory and qualitative research methods were used in both data collection and analysis. This involved an extensive review of relevant literature, key informant interviews and field observations. Results of the study showed that the local government interalia, coordinates, facilitates and regulates the activities of MSW management in the Metropolis. The strategies it uses include preparing and implementing medium term development plans, providing waste management infrastructure and land use planning. The authors entreat the local government to among other things adopt an integrated waste management system with suitable policy agenda, social programs and strategic action plans aimed at promoting effective solid waste management. The study concludes that the MSW value chain in the Metropolis should be fully explored by the local government to derive the optimum value from the waste.
The Assessment of China's Scramble for Natural Resources Extraction in
Africa
- Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: World Environment, Volume 11, Number 1E. C. Merem, Y. A. Twumasi, J. Wesley, D. Olagbegi, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, M. Alsarari, P. Isokpehi, M. Alrefai, S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Fageir, S. LeggettRecent narratives in various areas of Africa reveals the growing influence of China in many facets of the economy with a hold on the control of the continent’s natural resources based on invitation. Just as every nation has a right to trade with others, commerce remains the life blood of many African countries where natural resources commodity flow stands as the economic engine driving the generation of revenues. While African countries rely on the ensuing bilateral deals often tagged as resources for infrastructure swaps. The lust for foreign assisted programs in economic development in exchange for natural resources access among African countries over the years provided an opening for China’s presence in the spirit of global commerce in the continent. While China’s robust investments in physical development, renewable and non-renewable resources can no longer be dismissed as solely a pretense to aid African development in exchange for something given some of the upsides. The scale of these activities continues to have profound effects on the ecology of the countries in the continent in the form of degradation of natural areas, deforestation, and erosion of biodiversity. Yet very little exists in current studies to assess the ecological risks from the growing presence of China and the scramble for Africa’s natural resources. For that, this enquiry will fill that void by using mix-scale methods of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and descriptive statistics in assessing China’s presence and the quest for natural resources in the continent. Emphasis are on the issues, trends, factors, impacts and efforts. The results reveal vast exploitative activities directed at renewable and nonrenewable assets involving mineral ores, oil and gas, lumber, and fishery with notable impacts on the ecosystem. With the effects manifested in the form of environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and resource depletion and fiscal burdens on African nations. The problems come from a whole range of socio-economic, policy, and environmental factors located in the larger global system. As a remedy, the paper suggests the need for ethics and transparency, tight fiscal policy, ecological monitoring, enlightenment campaigns, public input in bilateral deals and the design of an interactive natural resource information system for Africa.
Solid Waste Management Along Lake Victoria Beeches
- Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: World Environment, Volume 11, Number 1Thomas Obongo, Lorna Okotto, Zackary KinaroThe production of solid waste materials due to, Uncontrolled growth of beaches in terms of population and structures, have led to environmental and health problems in the area. Although several studies have been undertaken on waste mangement in general, little has been done on solid waste management in the beaches around Lake Victoria. The objective of this study was to Examine the existing methods used in managing the different types of solid wastes. The study was anchored on the cost-benefit analysis theory. Descriptive cross sectional survey design has been used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population of the study area was 420 people and a sample size of 189 household representatives was selected for the study. Proportional sampling was used to determine sample size while simple random sampling was used to select individual respondents. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used to collect data. The study revealed that dumping of solid waste was the most used method of waste disposal regardless of the type of waste produced. Waste management strategy that promote use of food and other organic wastes, but also leverages on initiatives in reuse and recycling can improve waste management in the beaches.
Integrated Approach between DPSIR, Planetary Boundaries and Sustainable
Development Goals ~ towards 3Rs and Resource Efficiency
- Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: World Environment, Volume 10, Number 2Anupam KhajuriaThis article explores integrated interdisciplinary environmental research, between DPSIR framework (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses), planetary boundaries and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in waste management policies and strategies i.e., 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) and resource efficiency. These policies and strategies could be beneficial for mitigating human and environmental impacts on the Earth system and reaching a safe operating space for planetary boundaries. This article focuses on how planetary boundaries and 3Rs and resource efficiency policies can successfully integrate into environmentally sustainable waste management systems and achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. In discussion and result section, this article shows the reduction of environmental impacts of unsustainable consumption and production patterns of resources is directly reflect on the sustainable resource management, particular SDG 12. Moreover, the proper and effective implementation of 3Rs and resource efficiency policies and strategies provide a vision for sustainable resource management.
A Survey of Household Solid Waste Practices in Barnawa District, Kaduna,
Nigeria
- Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: World Environment, Volume 10, Number 2Fanan Ujoh, Martyn Clark, Stephen Hemba, Adebola AdenekanThe Barnawa district’s settlement pattern is made up of several households in a set of built houses generally regarded as compounds. A semi structured questionnaire was self-administered to a total of 166 households in 105 compounds in Barnawa districts. The compounds were selected through multilevel sampling procedure involving convenient and random techniques. Findings showed in general, households in Barnawa would be willing to pay for improved solid waste management (SWM) services irrespective of household size or their relative wealth-status as measured. However, willingness to pay for improved SWM services was generally common among households least satisfied with the current service they receive. Also household size, location of a household in relation to an existing official solid waste collection point are observed to be major drivers of how much households are willing to pay for improved SWM services in the district.

HOME > Browse the 73 Subjects covered by JournalTOCs
Subject	Total Journals