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Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.309  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 5  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0372-8854 - ISSN (Online) 1864-1687 Published by Schweizerbart Science Publishers  [23 journals]
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- Correlation between ground deformation and critical infrastructure in
Osmaniye and Antakya cities following the southern Türkiye earthquake of
February 6, 2023, using earth observation and geospatial data-
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Correlation between ground deformation and critical infrastructure in Osmaniye and Antakya cities following the southern Türkiye earthquake of February 6, 2023, using earth observation and geospatial dataMoustakas, Panagiotis; Gkougkoustamos, Ioannis; Chalkias, Christos; Karymbalis, Efthimios; Parcharidis, Issaak
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2025), p. - AbstractOn February 6, 2023, southeastern Türkiye was struck by a Mw 7.8 earthquake. A few hours later, a second Mw 7.6 earthquake occurred in the province of Kahramanmaraş. The combined impact of these two seismic events resulted in a significant loss of life, numerous injuries, and extensive property damage in both southeastern Türkiye and northern Syria. These earthquakes are directly linked to the activation of the East Anatolian Fault zone (EAFZ). The primary objective of this study is to examine the correlation between earthquake-induced ground deformation and critical infrastructure in the cities of Antakya and Osmaniye. Ground deformation estimation was conducted through Sentinel-2 satellite data processing and the application of the Normalised Cross Correlation (NCC) algorithm. The results indicate that both Antakya and Osmaniye experienced movement in a North-Northwest direction, consistent with the movements of the Anatolian microplate on which they are situated. The average ground deformation was estimated at 1.7 m in Antakya and 2 m for Osmaniye, while maximum displacements reaching 5 m and 4.5 m, respectively. The study’s findings were overlaid with critical infrastructure data, including educational facilities, hospitals, monuments, industrial facilities, airports, roads and railways, to facilitate rapid and precise identification of critical exposure. Damage assessments revealed that the infrastructure in Antakya was most severely affected, with 279 confirmed cases of total buildings damage, while Osmaniye reported 164 confirmed cases.
PubDate: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +000
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- Debris-flow chronology in Calimani Mountains (Eastern Carpathians,
Romania) reconstructed with dendrogeomorphic methods-
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Debris-flow chronology in Calimani Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) reconstructed with dendrogeomorphic methodsRusu, Andrei; Pop, Olimpiu Traian
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. 77 - 86AbstractDebris flows (DFs) occur in the high areas of the Carpathians, being efficient sediment transfer processes from slopes to river channels. They often damage transportation infrastructure and forested areas and threaten recreational activities. Gathering knowledge about the past DF activity is crucial to minimize the negative impact of present-day hydrogeomorphic activity. Understanding past DFs behaviour helps to predict the future trends of this potential natural hazard in the context of documented climate change. In this context, information on long-term DF activity needs to be known. In the Carpathians, as in most mountain areas worldwide, the lack of historical records of past hydrogeomorphic process activity in terms of temporal frequency and spatial extent hampers the possibility of having a good knowledge of the past DF activity. Reconstructing methods using various biomarkers, e.g., tree rings, may be applied to document past DF activity with annual resolution. This study aims to reconstruct past DF activity along an active track in the central Calimani Mountains using dendrogeomorphic methods. Results of the dendrogeomorphic study that investigated the DF track reveal a minimum chronology of 14 events reconstructed spanning the 1930–2019 period, which corresponds with an average return period of 6.3 years.
PubDate: Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- On the pioneering term “relief generations” from geology and its
treatment in geography – a call for correct scientific behaviour-
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On the pioneering term “relief generations” from geology and its treatment in geography – a call for correct scientific behaviourSkowronek, Armin
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. 87 - 94AbstractThe term “relief generations” was created and formulated in German geology between 1920 and 1930 in order to categorise the surface forms geomorphogenetically in a meaningful way. That was a genuine paradigm shift. German geography still occupies this term today without citing the source, thus establishing its own concept of geomorphogenesis. This unique plagiarism has been clarified and revised.
PubDate: Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- Alluvial fan types, distribution, and formation: a global perspective
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Alluvial fan types, distribution, and formation: a global perspectiveLehmkuhl, Frank; Owen, Lewis A.
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. 95 - 142AbstractAlluvial fan development is sensitive to environmental change, and thus, alluvial fans provide essential archives for reconstructing Quaternary paleoenvironmental conditions, notably climate, hydrology, and tectonics. Although alluvial fans have been studied across the globe for over a century, there is yet to be a unifying scheme/framework or model to view their complete variety and modes of formation and distribution. Reviewing the global spatial and temporal range of alluvial fan types and data from selected key regions allows us to examine their varied geomorphology, formation, and distribution and hence aids in their application for Quaternary climate and environmental change studies. This approach indicates that three main regimes for alluvial fan geomorphology and formation are evident: Type I) simple small-scale alluvial fans that are limited in size and extent (radius a few km) alluvial and megafans (radius>20 km) with an increasing influence of tectonics and ages going back into the Neogene. While small-scale alluvial fans are created by short-term events (10–1 to 10+1 years), mesoscale and macroscale alluvial fans develop over 104–5 year timescales. Type I alluvial fans are prevalent in high-latitude and high-altitude environments but may occur in numerous periglacial, semi-arid, and arid environments. In mid-latitude drylands, Type II mesoscale alluvial fans and bajadas are one of the most common fluvial systems and landform features, where they are frequently associated with steep mountain fronts, closely related, and often modified by active tectonic uplift and faulting. Their formation occurs in different settings characterized by distinct relationships between sediment production and transport capacity. Although governed primarily by the climatic setting, bedrock geology can dominate, especially for sediment production. Autocyclicity also plays a role in alluvial fan development by adjusting to changing sediment sources and deposition and changing channel slopes. Periglacial sediment production (frost weathering) appears to be a major factor in their development and provides an abundant sediment source during periods of climatic instability; hence climatic and weathering cycles are important, particularly in high-mountain and high-latitude environments. Examples of the Quaternary climate influence on alluvial fans in drylands include those of the American Southwest, Mongolia, Iran, Morocco, Northern Sahara, Argentina, Chile, Namibia, and Australia. In these regions, alluvial fan development can be linked to climate variability on glacial-interglacial cycle timescales or expressed in late Quaternary pulses of increased humidity, weathering, and sediment flux. For instance, they are common in glaciofluvial settings and periglacial areas, where streams have high bedload and transport capacity depending on the sediment supply and discharge by snow and ice dynamics. Type III alluvial fans are mainly associated with large-scale (mountain belts) Cenozoic tectonics and active uplift and are usually the oldest alluvial fans and for the most part inactive. Other Type III alluvial fans are associated with Pleistocene glaciofluvial extensive outwash plains. In semi-arid/arid cratonic and pericratonic regions where pediments or bajadas dominate, alluvial fans are less evident, and because these transition from Type III, we called them Type III’.
PubDate: Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- Physiographic parameters as a key player in flysch catchments affected by
flash floods-
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Physiographic parameters as a key player in flysch catchments affected by flash floodsFaturová, Dominika; Šulc Michalková, Monika; Geršlová, Zdeňka; Caletka, Martin; Máčka, Zdeněk; Münster, Petr
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. - AbstractFlash floods with sudden and rapid flooding in built-up areas are usually difficult to predict because of the local characteristics of causative rainfall. Aside from the quantity of precipitation, the physiographic parameters of catchments determine the consequential discharge. In this study, the flash flood occurrences were identified in the Western Outer Carpathians in Czechia (2000–2020), and their small catchments with a mean area of 2.4 km2 located in a flysch geological context above the built-up areas were evaluated. Unfortunately, there are no measurements of flow rate. Therefore, the analyses focused on nine parameters affecting surface runoff related to geomorphic factors, land use, and pedological conditions. Using statistical analyses, namely factor analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, the characteristics of the four groups of catchments with different delay times and runoff depths were revealed. Knowledge of the physiographic parameters of catchments affected by flash floods can be used in flash flood susceptibility assessment to help anticipate where flash floods may occur with increased probability. This study gives new scientific insights for the region: the contribution lies in i) the identification of flash floods based on local observation and cross-validation with quantitative precipitation estimates from weather radar data; ii) a new and internationally applicable approach in flash flood susceptibility assessment based on a statistical analysis of geomorphic factors, land use, and pedological conditions.
PubDate: Wed, 09 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- Empirical–conceptual gully evolution model using ergodic reasoning
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Empirical–conceptual gully evolution model using ergodic reasoningHuang, Xiaoli; Jiang, Ling; Zhao, MingWei; Chen, Xi; Wei, Hong; Yan, Zhenjun
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. - AbstractErgodic reasoning is a concept that has been widely applied, but not thoroughly tested, in some fields of geomorphology. This study aims to test whether ergodic reasoning is valid in reconstructing the evolution of a special type of gully called spoon-shaped gully (SG) in China’s Loess Plateau. We use unmanned aerial vehicle-based digital elevation model data to analyze the morphometry of a sequence of SGs ordered in terms of increasing gully length. The morphological model of the SG evolution that we can propose from this analysis is similar to the established models in the literature. Therefore, time can be substituted by space when reconstructing the evolution of SGs in the Loess Plateau. By extracting morphometric information from the application of the ergodic reasoning model to our data, we identify a series of morphological patterns as SG evolves in the Loess Plateau. We also observed through detailed field studies that SG formation is strongly associated with loess piping and tunnel erosion. SG can be considered a special initial form of a hillside gully that is widely distributed in the collapsible sandy loess area. This type of hillside gully is dominated by piping and tunnel, surface fluvial, and gravity erosion.
PubDate: Tue, 08 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- Combining Improved Stock Unearthing Method and ancillary measurements to
assess catch crops impacts on soil mobilisation in vineyards-
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Combining Improved Stock Unearthing Method and ancillary measurements to assess catch crops impacts on soil mobilisation in vineyardsRodrigo-Comino, Jesús; Jódar-Abellán, Antonio; Caballero-Calvo, Andrés; Carmona Yañez, María Dolores; Fernández Ondoño, Emilia; Durán-Zuazo, Víctor Hugo; Keesstra, Saskia D.
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. - AbstractMany aspects regarding the reduction of soil erosion and the effectiveness of nature-based solutions, such as catch crops and their spatial distribution, still remain unknown. To address these questions, in this study, we utilized a combination of the Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM), surveys of biomass and vine vigor, and soil profile characterization in a Mediterranean vineyard located in the unexplored viticultural region of Valle de Lecrín (Granada, Spain). Our findings revealed that the use of catch crops after cutting the vines did not lead to significant changes in soil properties along the profile, including organic matter, aggregate stability, and nutrient content, but there were positive results in reducing soil surface lowering in specific areas. These positive outcomes also correlated with the highest levels of vine vigor, measured by assessing the vine’s perimeter at three different heights. ISUM, utilizing the graft union as a passive bioindicator to assess surface lowering predominantly caused by soil erosion rates and surface changes, showed a sedimentation rate of 17.88 t ha–1yr–1. Under the vine these rates reached a total of 13.73 t ha–1yr–1 and along the rest of the inter-row area much lower values (4.16 t ha–1yr–1). We identified areas that are at risk along the inter-rows, assessed the effectiveness of erosion control measures (how much and where should be used), and gave some suggestions to take steps forwards to protect soil health and productivity.
PubDate: Tue, 08 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- Geoarchaeological and geophysical investigations in the tidal flats of the
Trendermarsch, Nordstrand (North Frisia, Germany)-
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Geoarchaeological and geophysical investigations in the tidal flats of the Trendermarsch, Nordstrand (North Frisia, Germany)Reiß, Antonia; Hadler, Hanna; Wilken, Dennis; Majchczack, Bente; Blankenfeldt, Ruth; Ickerodt, Ulf; Klooß, Stefanie; Rabbel, Wolfgang; Willershäuser, Timo; Vött, Andreas
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. - AbstractHistorical documents and maps as well as diverse archaeological findings in the Wadden Sea off Nordstrand Peninsula in North Frisia (Germany) suggest a formerly settled landscape in medieval times and severe changes of the coastline since then.Based on historical maps, the area of the original Trendermarsch polder (Nordstrand) is considered, to have been much larger in the High Middle Ages than it is today. Overall, the pre-medieval land has been settled and cultivated since medieval times when extensive cultivation shaped the landscape. As typical of the region, storm surges had a powerful impact on the embanked land and led to severe changes of the medieval coastline by dyke breaches and land losses. Consequently, for the medieval Trendermarsch, it is assumed that there are archaeological remains from this time period preserved in the Wadden Sea beneath the recent tidal flat sediments.Geophysical and geoarchaeological investigations such as a sedimentary, geochemical and microfaunal analyses of a sediment core were carried out in the tidal flats of the Trendermarsch to search for medieval settlement patterns and to reconstruct its development. Radiocarbon dating and historical reports were used to provide a basic chronological timeframe. Our results revealed traces of a medieval Trendermarsch settlement directly in front of today’s sea dyke off Nordstrand Peninsula as part of a larger settlement area. To sum up, we found, for the first time, geoarchaeological evidence that the area of the present Wadden Sea off Nordstrand Peninsula hides various traces of the sunken medieval Trendermarsch. Yet, the study area is subject to ongoing transformation due to erosion and sediment accumulation, in relation to tides and storm events.
PubDate: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- The Roman burgus at Trebur-Astheim and its relation to the
Schwarzbach/Landgraben watercourse (Hessisches Ried, Germany) based on
geophysical and geoarchaeological investigations-
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The Roman burgus at Trebur-Astheim and its relation to the Schwarzbach/Landgraben watercourse (Hessisches Ried, Germany) based on geophysical and geoarchaeological investigationsAppel, Elena; Becker, Thomas; Wilken, Dennis; Obrocki, Lea; Fischer, Peter; Willershäuser, Timo; Henselowsky, Felix; Vött, Andreas
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. - AbstractThe Romans carried out early river regulation and water management in the Hessische Ried already in the 1st century AD. Roman waterways enabled the transportation of troops and material and were of strategic importance to secure the territory of the Roman Empire. Small fortlets, so called burgi (singular burgus), were constructed along the tributaries of the River Rhine in late Roman times. The burgus at Trebur-Astheim represents such a Roman military site along the so-called Rhein-Limes. Its construction is dated to AD 364/375 by a Roman coin and the shape of its construction (Heising 2012) and was obviously part of the building program realized during the reign of the Emperor Valentinian I (AD 364–375). The archaeological site is located at the Schwarzbach/Landgraben watercourse only a few kilometers southwest from its actual mouth into the River Rhine. This watercourse connects the western fringe of the Odenwald with the city of Mogontiacum/Mainz. To study this structure a multi-method geophysical prospection was carried out at the burgus at Trebur-Astheim. We were able to trace the ground plan of the late Roman burgus first published by Heising (2012) showing a rectangle building at the center with a wing wall to both the northern and the southern side running towards the present riverbank. On this base, detailed geomorphological and geoarchaeological studies were carried out to clarify how the burgus was connected to the watercourse of the Schwarzbach/Landgraben, to collect information on the structure and function of the building and to establish a local geochronology. Our results show that the burgus was constructed at the very edge of the Lower Terrace directly facing the watercourse. The Lower Terrace edge has its westernmost position right in between the northern and southern wing wall of the burgus forming kind of a protruding nose. In front of the burgus, a semi-enclosed artificial basin was detected. Sediments prove that the burgus must have been open towards the fluvial system and that the burgus was not enclosed by a wall from the western side. Based on stratigraphic data, the protruding nose-type Lower Terrace section in between the wing walls was modelled as ramp into the burgus basin to pull vessels on the artificial river bank. The minimum water depth was reconstructed to be 0.7 m in front of the burgus. This and the overall geographic situation let us assume that the building was located at the Schwarzbach/Landgraben channel by the time of its use and not at the River Rhine itself. This assumption is in accordance with evidence of Roman-built canal sections of the Landgraben further upstream (Hanel 1995; Becker 2019). In our study area, we found two different burgus-related sedimentary facies, namely a lower moderate to high-energy fluvial facies right on top of Lower Terrace sands and a subsequent fluvial facies reflecting a clearly reduced flow velocity. The final phase of use of the burgus was dated to the time period 425–599 cal AD. It was thus in use for maximum 235 or so years.
PubDate: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +000
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- Assessing flood hazard mapping using AHP and GIS in a tectonically active
region-
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Assessing flood hazard mapping using AHP and GIS in a tectonically active regionSkilodimou, Hariklia D.; Bathrellos, George D.; Pappa, Maria-Ioanna; Youssef, Ahmed M.; Kontakiotis, George; Karymbalis, Efthimios
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, (2024), p. - AbstractThis study focuses on the development of a flood hazard model for the Phoenix River drainage basin, located in the northern Peloponnese region of southern Greece. In situations where runoff exceeds the drainage system’s capacity, five key factors have been identified as the most significant in influencing it. These factors include slope, elevation, hydro-lithology, distance to streams, and land cover. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) to facilitate the assessment of the chosen factors employed in the production of the flood hazard assessment map. The hazard zones depicted on the generated flood hazard map underwent an evaluation process involving uncertainty analysis. Additionally, the verification of the map was carried out through the utilization of frequency ratio analysis and examining previous flood events. The research findings indicate that the areas with the most pronounced risk of flooding are predominantly situated in the northern and central regions of the drainage basin. This heightened hazard is attributed to a combination of factors, including flat morphology, proximity to the hydrographic network, the presence of semi-permeable formations on very gentle slopes, urban land use, and the presence of previously burnt areas. The uncertainty analysis indicates the reliable predictions produced by the applied method. The verification analysis confirms a satisfactory correspondence between the flood hazard zones on the map and the actual spatial occurrence of flood events. The methodology employed in this study was applied effectively in various projects, including flood hazard assessment mapping, flood hazard mitigation, and land use planning.
PubDate: Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +000
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