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Physics of Metals and Metallography
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.427

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 18

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0031-918X - ISSN (Online) 1555-6190
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Erratum to: Electro-Optic Effect in Hexagonal Compounds RFeO₃
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  Abstract: An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X24120020
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Erratum to: Magnetic State of Cobalt in Layered Chalcogenide Fe4Co3Se8
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  Abstract: An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X24120032
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Erratum to: Resonance Enhancement of the Faraday Effect in a
Magnetoplasmonic Composite
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  Abstract: An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X24120056
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Distribution of Magnetization in Single-Crystals of Iron-Silicon Soft
Magnetic Alloys before and after Heat Treatments
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  Abstract: Abstract The distribution of magnetization in single-crystal samples of silicon iron made in the form of thin disks after heat treatments under the influence of a magnetic field or mechanical stress was determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. At contents of 5 and 8 at % Si, the samples had a cubic ({100}), and at 6 at % Si, a Goss ({011}) orientation of the crystallographic axes. Using the parameters obtained as a result of deconvolution of Mössbauer spectra, the relative fractions of the magnetic moments of iron atoms oriented along the easy magnetization axes are determined. It has been shown that annealing and cooling in a ferromagnetic state under an external influence of the field or stress applied along the plane of the sample redistributes the magnetic moments in favor of the easy magnetization axes lying in the sample plane. The greatest effect is achieved during annealing in a direct-current magnetic field. At the same time, there is a rather large fraction of magnetization oriented outside the plane of the sample, which may be explained by the action of a demagnetizing factor.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Regularities and Features in the Behavior of Electrical and Magnetic
Properties of Co2FeZ (Z = Al, Si, Ga, Ge, Sn, Sb) Half-Metallic
Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloys
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  Abstract: Abstract— The electrical resistivity, magnetization, and Hall effect in Co2FeZ (Z = Al, Si, Ga, Ge, Sn, Sb) ferromagnetic Heusler alloys have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that there are a number of correlations between the electronic and magnetic characteristics of the alloys under study, which are manifested by changes in the atomic number of the Z component. For Co2FeAl and Co2FeSi alloys, which are HMFs, the magnetization value agrees with the Slater–Pauling rule. The electrical resistivity of Co2FeAl, Co2FeSi, and Co2FeGe compounds exhibits quadratic temperature dependence at temperatures below 30 K and above 65 K. In the range of intermediate temperatures (40 to 65 K), a power-law dependence of ~Tb with an exponent of 3.5 ≤ b ≤ 4 has been revealed, which may be attributed to two-magnon scattering processes.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
On the Influence of Local Grain Scattering Fields in Annealed Low-Carbon
Steels on Their Magnetization Reversal Processes
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  Abstract: Abstract A number of new effects caused by local scattering fields from grains of annealed low-carbon steels with a change in magnetization along the back of the hysteresis loop are considered. It is established that only three magnetization components determine the nature of steel magnetization reversal in different intervals of the internal magnetic field. It is shown that these components in sum are always equal to the saturation magnetization. Taking into account the local scattering fields from steels grains leads to a difference in the internal magnetic fields in the grains of the above three magnetization components, which explains the influence of this effect on the features of their magnetization reversal. The experiments performed on samples of annealed 09G2 steel agree with the results of theoretical calculations.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Effect of the Frequency of a Cyclic Magnetic Field on the Adiabatic
Temperature Change in Manganite Pr0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1MnO3
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  Abstract: Abstract The effect of microstructure and the frequency of change in an alternating magnetic field on the adiabatic temperature change ΔTad in manganite Pr0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1MnO3 has been studied. It has been shown that the transformation of specimens from a denser to looser microstructure leads to both a decrease in ΔTad and a stronger frequency dependence of the adiabatic temperature change. For the specimen with an annealing temperature of 1300°C, ΔTad is 0.6 K at a frequency of 1 Hz in a field of 1.2 T to decrease to 0.3 K at 20 Hz (by more than 50%). For the specimen with an annealing temperature of 600°C, ΔTad is 0.45 and 0.06 K at frequencies of 1 and 20 Hz, respectively (i.e., decreases by more than 80%).
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Modelling the Structure of Co/Cu Superlattice Interfaces with Composite
Buffer Layer
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  Abstract: Abstract The article proposes an approach to three-dimensional modelling of the Co/Cu interface structure in superlattices. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra at the 59Co nucleus were constructed based on the data obtained from the modelling, which were then employed to interpret the experimental NMR spectra. It is demonstrated that in the interface region of the superlattices under investigation, copper is embedded into the cobalt island-type structure at a depth of one atomic layer. It is demonstrated that the introduction of an inhomogeneous embedding boundary is necessary for the accurate representation of the structural characteristics of interfaces in glass//(Ni80Fe20)40Cr60(5 nm)/[Co(1.5 nm)/Cu(0.9 nm)]20/Cr(3 nm) superlattices prepared via magnetron sputtering.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Magnetocaloric Effect of Zn-Containing Manganese Pnyctides
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  Abstract: Abstract Magnetic and magnetocaloric characteristics of the Mn1.9Zn0.1Sb and Mn1.96Zn0.04Sb alloys are studied. The relatively abrupt decrease in the specific magnetization near 100 K is found, which, according to first-principals calculations, is interpreted as the antiferromagnet–ferrimagnet transition. The existence of the magnetic phase transition from the ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic state leads to the appearance of inverse magnetocaloric effect which remains in magnetic field up to 8 T.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Test of Superalloy Oxide Scale Growing Stress by Rectangle Wedge Slice
Moment Method
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  Abstract: Abstract Stress is the essential factor to cause surface oxide scale exfoliation to lose oxidation resistance for alloys. So the research on oxide scale mechanical behaviors plays the key role to explore the oxidation resistance of alloys. In this paper, a new kind of experimental technique “rectangle wedge slice moment method” is studied to test oxide scale stress of ferro based superalloy GH2038 during high temperature oxidation. Oxide scale growing stress could be calculated directly by detecting the free end displacement of the rectangle wedge slice using the derived formula. Having been oxidized at 700°C from 10 to 50 h, the oxide scale growing stress versus time is regressed to follow power equation, and the oxidation weight gain and scale thickness with time both abide parabolic law. By SEM, EDS and XRD analyses, oxide scales are highly composed by Cr2O3 and spinel Fe(Ni)Cr2O4 with even fine grain size and compact structure. By calculating the high temperature standard Gibbs forming free energy of oxides, analyzing the processes of oxidation and reduction reactions, the generating model of oxide scale growing stress is established and the mechanism is studied. New born oxides from reduction and secondary oxidation growing up at the interface of matrix and scales create the oxide scale growing stress. More oxides bring higher oxidation weight gain and bigger growing stress in total, however, oxidation weight gain rate decreases gradually with time, so does the increment of oxide scale growing stress, endowing stronger oxidation resistance for superalloys.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Electrical Resistivity Study of the Phase Separation in Fe–Cr Alloys
at 773 K
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  Abstract: Abstract The electrical resistivity (ER) method was applied to study decomposition of a solid solution in four Fe–Cr alloys Cr9, Cr11, Cr16, and Cr22 during aging at 773 K. Additionally, the similar ER data obtained on decomposition of Cr27 at 773 K and available elsewhere were taken into consideration. The obtained results divided the alloys into 3 groups: (1) Cr9; (2) Cr11 and Cr16; and (3) Cr22 and Cr27. The ER of Cr9 remained unchanged. Within the second or third group, the characteristic features of ER variations are the same, but change significantly with the transition from one group to another. The change is associated with a change in the mechanism of decomposition from that with the formation of nuclei to spinodal one. Estimate of the boundary concentration between concentration regions of these two mechanisms at 773 K is made.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Synthesis and Characterization of Stoichiometric Cobalt Monosulfide (CoS)
Film by a Simple and Cost-Effective Screen-Printing Process
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  Abstract: Abstract The electrical, morphological, and electro-optical behaviour of nanocrystalline cobalt monosulfide (CoS) film prepared on a clean glass substrate by screen-printing route and sintered at 250°C was studied. The nanocrystalline (with hexagonal) structure of the film was indexed by X-ray diffraction technique. The surface morphology of the film is very dense with no visible pinholes and cracks. EDX technique validates the growth of the nearly stoichiometric film. UV-VIS-DRS spectroscopy displays that the band gap (direct transition) energy (Eg) of 250°C sintered film was 1.45 eV. Photo-sensing behaviour of nanocrystalline CoS film was studied using current–voltage (I–V plot) characterization. I–V characteristics showed the change in the performance as when light is flashed on the device. p-Type conductivity for the film was observed via the hot probe technique. The accomplished results of CoS film were very awakening for electro-optical applications.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Al15 + x Fe9 – x Nd2 (x =
0, 1) Alloy
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  Abstract: Abstract Al15 + xFe9 – xNd2 (x = 0, 1) are tetragonal structured crystals with space group I4/mmm (No. 139, tI26). The lattice constants of Al15Fe9Nd2 (x = 0) are a = 8.7965(1) Å and c = 5.0572(1) Å, and the lattice constants of Al16Fe8Nd2 (x = 1, also known as Al8Fe4Nd) are a = 8.8155(1) Å and c = 5.0595(1) Å. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility data show that Al15Fe9Nd2 has field-sensitive characteristics under magnetic ordering transformation at a temperature below about 200 K. Under the magnetic field of 50 Oe, the Curie temperatures Tc of Al15Fe9Nd2 and Al8Fe4Nd are 317 and 489 K, respectively. In a magnetic field of 8 T, the magnetization curve of Al15Fe9Nd2 at 2 K is close to saturation, and the maximum magnetic moment is 0.66 μB/f.u., the remanence is 0.42 μB/f.u., and Hc is 1.57 T. A small increase in Al content will result in a sharp decrease in the magnetization of Al15+ xFe9 – xNd2 (x = 0, 1) and can significantly increase the Curie temperature of the alloy. When the external magnetic field varies from –8 to 8 T at the temperature of 2 K, the alloy at x = 0 has a greater magnetic moment, remanence and coercivity; and the maximum magnetic moment, remanence, and coercivity of both phases decrease to some extent at the temperature of 300 K. x = 0 still has a relatively large magnetic moment and remanence, while x = 1 has a larger coercivity than x = 0.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Sendust Alloy: A Review on the Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties,
and Applications
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  Abstract: Abstract A unique intermetallic alloy composed of Fe (81–85 wt %), Si (7–13 wt %), and Al (4–7 wt %) which is named Sendust, is typically synthesized by conventional methods, such as crushing and/or atomizing. Various techniques have been described for obtaining Sendust nanostructures in recent decades. This paper reviews the synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic properties, and old and new applications of Sendust. Formation of its ordered and/or disordered phases through different methods such as mechanical alloying, atomizing, and/or melting is possible. Its special magnetic properties, including high permeability, low hysteresis loss, zero magnetostriction, and nearly zero first constant of magnetic anisotropy, make it suitable for a wide range of electronic applications. Various applications of Sendust from magnetic cores in power supplies, its role in magnetic recording devices, the excellent magnetic permeability of its nanostructures in the GHz frequency range, reduced power losses for suppressing microwave absorption, and electromagnetic interference shielding are reviewed.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
First-Principles Studies of the Structural and Magnetic Properties of the
Thin-Film Structures of Cobalt-Based Heusler Alloys
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  Abstract: Abstract The effect of different atomic ordering on the saturation magnetization, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and equilibrium parameters of crystalline bulk and thin-film structures of Heusler Co2Ni1 + xZ1–x alloys (Z = Al, Ga) is considered within the framework of density functional theory. It has been revealed that stoichiometric Co2NiZ compositions have an inverse (XA) tetragonal structure, whereas deviation from stoichiometry (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) leads to the change of XA type atomic ordering for a layerwise ordering of Co and Ni atoms (Tp) in a tetragonal structure. For bulk and thin-film structures, the magnetization is observed to grow from ~65 to 98 (A m2)/kg depending on the Ni content (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5). The effect of the thin-film state on magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the Co2Ni1 + xZ1 – x alloys has been studied. All the structures are characterized by in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The Co2NiZ alloys have an anisotropy energy of ~0.65 meV/f.u., whereas deviation from stoichiometry leads to nearly a two-fold decrease in its value. It has been shown that the thin-film structure does not suppress the energy value for the bulk specimen and even slightly increases the anisotropy energy for the composition with х = 0.25.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Magnetocaloric Effect in Alternating Magnetic Fields: A Review
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  Abstract: Abstract Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and its potential most simple and evident application in magnetic cooling technology represent urgent issues that have been the subject of intensive global investigation over recent decades. The practical use of a material exhibiting a magneto-caloric effect in cooling technology necessitates a cyclic exposure of the material to a magnetic field. It is therefore imperative to undertake a comprehensive study of the magnetocaloric properties of materials subjected to alternating (or cyclic) magnetic fields. This paper presents an overview of the fundamental concepts pertaining to the effect, methodologies for the measurement of MCE in alternating magnetic fields, and the outcomes of MCE studies depending on the frequency of the magnetic field and the duration of exposure of materials to the alternating magnetic field.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Statistics and Analysis of Lath Martensite Transformation Based on In-Situ
Observation and Video Processing
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  Abstract: Abstract Material performance studies based on material images are carried out by counting various microstructural parameters and further mining these parameters. Such a static study of material properties cannot reveal the process of changes of materials. In this article, a novel video processing method is proposed for lath martensite transformation to show importance of dynamically changes of materials. Although martensitic phase transformation and lath martensite have been investigated for a long time, traditional studies based on martensite images cannot obviously provide enough informative data during phase transformation because of the quickness of transformation and the complicated pattern of lath martensite. The proposed video processing method is to segment and extract the image of each individual lath martensite from the observed complicated images. The image data analysis provides the following dynamic information of martensitic phase transformation in steel including number, max length, max width, average length, average width, area and orientation category of transformed lath. This study breaks the limitations of studying martensite based on static images, and adequately describes various data and information on dynamic martensite transformation, which can greatly accelerate the study of mechanism of martensite transformation.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Effect of Mn and Ti Addition on Strength and Strain Hardening Behaviour of
Pearlite
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  Abstract: Abstract The effect of Mn and Ti addition on the microstructure, strength as well as strain hardening behavior of near eutectoid steels was studied after isothermal transformation to pearlite. In this paper, five near eutectoid steel samples having different Mn and Ti concentrations were heated to the austenitization temperature (TA) of 900°C and held there for 20 min, and then cooled rapidly to the isothermal holding temperature (Ti) of 660°C. Finally, the samples were cooled to room temperature for microstructural analysis and also to undertake tensile testing for strain hardening analysis. The Ti addition in steel is found to enhance the ductility and strain hardening properties of pearlitic steel significantly because of its effect on the microstructure. From the present investigation, it may be confirmed that although a very small amount of Ti present in the solid solution of near eutectoid steels does not have high influence on the yield and tensile strength as compared to Mn added steels, but it significantly increases the strain to failure indicating the greater ability of these steels to be drawn into wires.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA 6061 and AA 7072 Friction
Stir Spot Welds Using the Pinless Tool
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  Abstract: Abstract AA 6061-T6 and AA 7072-T6 aluminum alloys were separately friction stir spot welded using a novel L-shaped grooves pinless tool. Mg–Si and Fe–Si–Al precipitates were found in the microstructure of AA 6061 joints and Mg–Si, Mg–Zn (η precipitates) and Al–Mg–Zn were the main precipitates in AA 7072 welds. It was observed that the retrogression-like process occurred in the case of AA 7072 welds. There was the optimum dwell time to obtain the strongest weld for each alloy. The hardness values were decreased in the stir zone for AA 6061 weld, while an increasing trend was observed in the case of AA 7072 stir zone. The relatively high strength joints were obtained using the novel pinless tool; the highest tensile-shear loads were 2277 N and 2539 N for AA 6061 (dwell time of 6 s) and AA 7072 (dwell time of 8 s) welds, respectively.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
Residual Stresses in Steel Plates after Shot-Blast Treatment: A
High-Resolution Neutron Diffraction Study
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  Abstract: Abstract Using high-spatial-resolution (~0.2 mm) neutron diffraction, we examined the residual stresses in structural alloyed steel (Cr, Si, Mn) plates, 5 mm in thickness, following shot peening. The analysis revealed that residual stresses form not only near the treated surface but throughout the entire thickness of the plate. Compressive stress zones appear near both treated and untreated surfaces, while tensile stress zones emerge in the middle region. The intensity of the shot peening affects the width of these zones and the magnitude of the maximum stresses. Neutron experiments were conducted to measure stresses near the treated surface of the plates, employing the sin2ψ method. Results obtained via the sin2ψ neutron method were consistent with those from traditional three-component strain measurement techniques. The sin2ψ neutron method proves to be advantageous for measuring stresses near the surfaces of thick samples, since it lacks the limitations of traditional measurement techniques on the thickness of the sample.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01

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