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Russian Physics Journal
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.304

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 1

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1573-9228 - ISSN (Online) 1064-8887
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Grain boundary engineering approaches for the structure optimization in
commercial copper M1
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  Abstract: The effect of successive thermomechanical treatment in the strain annealing and strain recrystallization modes to the structure optimization of commercial copper M1 is studied within the grain boundary engineering approach. The chosen thermomechanical treatment modes lead to a significant increase in the twin boundary proportion compared to the recrystallized state, the twin clusters formation, and the disruption of the connectivity of random high-angle boundaries. After the thermomechanical treatment in the strain annealing and strain recrystallization modes, the twin cluster growth has been observed; however, the deviation from the ideal twin misorientation has also been increased.
  PubDate: 2025-05-19
Sapphire dosimetric sensors for carbon ion beam radiation therapy
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  Abstract: This study presents the first experimental results on sapphire sensors tested with 175 and 380 MeV/nucleon carbon ion beams. The measurements include the sensor signal curves of dependence on applied voltage (50–500 V), the signal variations with carbon ion beam intensity, and the correlation between absorbed dose in EBT‑3 radiochromic film (positioned in front of the sensors) and total charge registered by the sensors. Additionally, signal stability is assessed at 500 V under constant beam intensity following the irradiation dose monitoring by a relative dosimeter. For the first time, the differential absorbed dose distribution in a water phantom (Bragg curve) is measured using sapphire sensors. The detector signals are recorded at 500 V with a 900 ms integration time across the beam intensities ranging from 7.0·107 to 4.5·108 ions/pulse.
  PubDate: 2025-05-19
Structure and phase composition of materials fabricated by direct laser
deposition using Al-TiB2 composite powder
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  Abstract: The paper studies the structure and phase composition of materials fabricated by direct laser deposition using Al-TiB2 composite powder obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The fabricated specimens inherit the structure of the SHS-produced powder and consist of the aluminum matrix and TiB2 ceramic particles. The powder consumption ranging from 5.1 to 7.5 g/min, leads to a change in the size of the coherent scattering region of Al and TiB2 phases, and the average size of ceramic particles in the material structure. It is shown that consuming 5 g/min of the powder, the high dense microstructure can be obtained with the lowest number of isolated pores.
  PubDate: 2025-05-14
Retraction Note to: A comprehensively improved particle swarm
optimization algorithm to guarantee particle activity
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  PubDate: 2025-05-14
Gravitational wave and pure radiation in the Bianchi IV universe
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  Abstract: A non-perturbative model of a gravitational wave with pure radiation in an anisotropic Bianchi universe of type IV is constructed. A relationship between the space-time metric parameters and those of the pure radiation is obtained. The trajectories of light rays are found as a solution to the eikonal equation in a given metric. The parameters of light signal propagation in a gravitational wave are calculated. The delay relation for radiation in a gravitational wave is obtained.
  PubDate: 2025-05-14
Deformation and deterioration of C235 steel contact layer in dry sliding
against C45 steel under high density alternating current
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  Abstract: The paper studied the tribological behavior of the C235 steel under high-density electric current density over 100 A/cm2. It was shown that dry sliding of steel against steel under electric current, induced plastic flow in the contact layer ~75 μm thick beyond the nominal contact area in and against the sliding direction. It was supposed that the surface waves induced plastic flow. These waves could be excited by numerous mechanical and electrical pulses arising in meeting the surface microroughness. Sliding wear did not provide the material weight loss, although wear particles did appear. Moreover, the transfer layer formation was observed on the contact surface. The X‑ray phase analysis showed that it contained more than 70 vol.% FeO. The sliding surface morphology on the nominal contact area consisted of two regions, one of them having melting traces. It was assumed that high self-induction pulses appeared in the contact area and caused high-density displacement currents. The latter directly affected FeO ions and transferred them to the melt. Numerous discharge traces were observed in the melting zone. Dry contact spots were detected also. That confirmed that the current passed through the melt and contact spots in the form of discharges.
  PubDate: 2025-05-14
Optimization of lattice structures using neural networks and numerical
simulations based on FEM
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  Abstract: The effects occurring in the cases where the acoustic waves generated by a pulsed source are applied to linearly elastic solids formed by a periodic lattice structure are examined. For a series of numerical experiments based on the finite element method, various types of lattice structures are modeled in the CAE Fidesys. In these lattice structures, the parameters of the undulation of the bars forming the lattice structure, the frequency of the applied pulse, and the distance at which the sound insulation level is measured, are varied. A number of points forming the cells of the lattice structure are also varied. The presence of frequency filtering is established for some of these variable parameters. An analysis of the relationships of variable parameters and sound insulation level is made. Using a series of virtual experiments, a model predicting the level of sound insulation is built based on a neural network. This algorithm is configured using the Python programming language and the scikit-learn library. The use of this algorithm allows reduce the time for calculating the sound insulation level by a factor of hundreds.
  PubDate: 2025-05-13
Study of phase transitions in α-Fe2O3 during mechanical grinding in
a high-energy ball mill
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  Abstract: The phase transformations, taking place in α−Fe2O3 during its mechanical grinding in an AGO-2C planetary ball mill with an aim to manufacture a Fe3O4-based magnetic powder, are studied. The grinding is performed using steel vials and balls under different modes, grinding times (up to 120 min), mill rotation frequencies (1290, 1820, 2220 rpm), processing media (water, isopropyl alcohol, dry grinding in air), degree of filling vials with balls and powder (from 1/12 to 2/3 of vial volume), and ball-to-powder mass ratios (from 2.5:1 to 20:1). It is shown that different grinding modes strongly affect the−Fe2O3→Fe3O4 phase transition, resulting in different phase concentration ratios in the milled powder. It is noted that the magnetite concentration increases with the grinding energy density, which depends on the rotation frequency and grinding time. The most effective modes of the Fe3O4-based nanostructured powder manufacture are established, which involve the maximum rotation frequency, the grinding time up to 120 min, and the ball-to-powder ratio 10:1. The magnetic powder thus produced has the Curie temperature of 556 °C and the saturation magnetization of 65 emu/g.
  PubDate: 2025-05-13
Method for calculating the point spread function for the ultrasonic
imaging of multi-layered objects with total focusing method
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  Abstract: Due to the complexity of acoustic wave propagation in multi-layered objects, their ultrasonic testing is associated with challenges. This paper considers the method of calculating the Point Spread Function (PSF) in the ultrasonic testing of multi-layered materials. This method covers ultrasonic testing using the Total Focusing Method (TFM), which is considered as a benchmark in the field of ultrasonic imaging in NDT. An experimental verification demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method to solve applied problems in the field of TFM imaging of multi-layered objects.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Application of X-ray diffractometry and simultaneous thermal analysis for
studying the phase composition of barium ferrites
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  Abstract: Unsubstituted and complex substituted barium ferrites of a magnetoplumbite structure of the following compositions: BaFe12O19, BaFe11.8Al0.2O19, BaZn0.2Zr0.2Fe11.6O19 and BaZn0.2Zr0.2Al0.2Fe11.4O19 are studied. The main focus is on their phase compositions and magnetic phase transitions within the Curie temperature interval. The common patterns of variation in the ferrite crystal lattice volume as a function of the substituting cation sizes are revealed. During a simultaneous thermal analysis in the magnetic field, a correlation is observed between the instrumental variation of the sample weight and the changes of their heat capacity in the Curie temperature region. It is found out that the temperature range of the magnetic phase transition increases with the increasing content of the elements substituting iron atoms, while the Curie temperature decreases. It is shown that a thermal analysis allows effectively separating the phases in the mixture of composite powders of BaFe12O19—BaZn0.2Zr0.2Al0.2Fe11.4O19, not possible using X‑ray diffraction due to very small differences in the crystal lattice parameters of these two ferrite phases, causing an overlapping of their peaks in the XRD pattern. The results of this study emphasize the importance of using the simultaneous thermal analysis during the examination of phase compositions of multicomponent magnetic materials.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Kinetics of changes in the optical properties of polymethylphenylsiloxane
varnish modified with silicone dioxide nanoparticles under electron
irradiation
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  Abstract: Results of studies of the radiation stability of polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS) varnish—a promising binder for application in coatings of space vehicles—are presented. The kinetics of changes in the reflection spectra and solar absorptance of the initial varnish and varnish modified by SiO2 nanoparticles after irradiation by electrons with energy E = 30 keV has been investigated. The influence of accelerated electrons on PMPS is modeled. It is shown that the varnish modification leads to an increase in the radiation stability by 1.6 times at an electron fluence of 7·1016 cm–2.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Composite gas sensors based on carbon and tin oxide nanoparticles
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  Abstract: The methods for manufacturing NO2 sensors from carbon-tin nanoparticle composites and the results of detection of NO2 impurities in the range of 10–40 ppm in air are presented. All sensors operate at room temperature. The sensors with arc discharge soot and tin nanoparticles demonstrate the highest sensitivity. A combination of the graphene and SnO nanoparticle layers demonstrates the lowest response time. The interaction mechanisms of sensors with low NO2 concentrations are discussed.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Structure and properties of titanium and titanium oxide films formed on
a substrate by vacuum-arc plasma-assisted method
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  Abstract: The paper presents an analysis of the results of a study on the structure and properties of thin films of titanium oxides (2–3 μm thick) deposited on the surfaces of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy and HG40 hard alloy samples using vacuum-arc plasma-assisted technique. It has been found that the deposition of both titanium and titanium oxide films results in the formation of particle droplet fractions the characteristics (the average, minimum, and maximum sizes and the number of particles per unit surface area) of which depend on the value of the “PINK” discharge current. The formed films are shown to be a single-phase material containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) in two modifications: rutile and anatase. The relative content of these two modifications in the film was found to depend on the discharge current value (Ip). It has been established that titanium and titanium oxide films have a columnar structure. The columns are formed by crystallites the dimensions of which are (3.1–5.4) nm in the titanium film and (18.3–20.5) nm in the titanium oxide film. It has been revealed that the maximum microhardness value of the film (TiO2)/(Ti–6Al–4V) substrate system is 9.5 GPa at Ip = 0 A. This value is more than twice the microhardness of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Additionally, the specific wear rate k, which is the inverse of the wear resistance, reaches a minimum value of 1.9·10−7 mm3/(N·m) at Ip = 0 A, and this value is more than 250 times lower than the wear parameter of Ti–6Al–4V. For the same spraying mode, the friction coefficient of the film is 0.43, which is 1.6 times less than the friction coefficient of the VT6 alloy and 1.3 times less than the friction coefficient of the titanium film.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Fast shear wave dynamics of a 3D-printed
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene sample
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  Abstract: The results of experimental studies of fast dynamics (dependence of transmitted elastic wave amplitude and velocity on pump amplitude) of longitudinal and transverse elastic waves in a 3D-printed polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) sample are reported. The measurements are carried out using the echo-pulse method in the frequency range from 500 to 900 kHz. It is shown that the pump amplitude dependence of the wave velocity variation is stronger for longitudinal waves, while the dependence of the passing wave amplitude on the pump amplitude is stronger for transverse waves with different polarizations. Both cases demonstrate a nonlinear nature of the dependence. Based on the data on the velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves, the estimates of nonlinear changes in the elastic modulus are obtained.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Low resistivity measurement of chromium coatings on zirconium alloys E110
for the production of accident-resistant core components of nuclear
reactors
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  Abstract: Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, including thermal electromotive force (ThermoEMF) and four-probe resistivity (FPP) measurements, offer an innovative approach to assessing chromium coatings on zirconium alloy E110, which are utilized in the manufacturing of core components resistant to emergencies in nuclear reactors. These methods quantify their critical properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermoelectric stability, and coating uniformity, providing insights into the coating structural quality and adhesion.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Thermal stability of V–W–Cr–Zr alloy after high-pressure
torsion
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  Abstract: Complex studying of thermal stability of the V–W–Cr–Zr alloy is studied after plastic deformation under torsion at high pressure. Methods of scanning and transmission electronic microscopy are used to study the influence of the temperature on the characteristics of grain, defective, and heterophase structures. A comparison of the results of structural attribution with microhardness values has allowed the main temperature intervals of realization of relaxation processes to be elucidated. It has been established that under the influence of the temperature, the processes of heterophase structure transformations are the main factors determining the thermal stability of the V–W–Cr–Zr alloy. The presence of finely dispersed particles of the second phases promotes preservation of an anisotropic submicrocrystalline state and high microhardness values up to 700 °C. Beginning at 800 °C, the coagulation of particles leads to partial unblocking of dislocation substructures accompanied by the return processes and primary recrystallization gradually encompassing the entire volume of the material. Secondary recrystallization comes to the end at 1100 °C. The relaxation processes in the temperature interval from 800 to 1100 °C are accompanied by the reduction of microhardness values, the character of change of which is determined by the Hall–Petch relation taking into account the joint disperse and grain-boundary hardening.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Determination by scratch testing of the quality of thin-film oxide
coatings formed by vacuum-arc plasma-assisted method
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  Abstract: Oxide coatings formed on the surface of medical instruments made of titanium-based alloys help physicians to protect patients from toxic titanium alloying elements and increase the resistance of the instruments to scratching and wearing. As a rule, the formation of a coating/substrate system is accompanied by an analysis of the adhesive properties of the applied coating. This paper presents an analysis of the results obtained by studying the structure and adhesive properties of titanium oxide and zirconium oxide films formed on the surface of titanium alloy samples of Grade 5 by vacuum arc plasma-assisted method with varying discharge current values of the plasma source operating on the basis of an independent arc discharge with glow and hollow cathodes. The studies showed that the oxide films contain droplet fraction particles the characteristics of which are determined by the film deposition mode. It has been established that the critical load force at which destruction of (peeling off) the film from the substrate (titanium alloy Grade 5) is observed in the ZrO2 film/Grade 5 substrate system is maximum at the “PINK” discharge current Ip = 0 A and minimum at Ip = 90 A. It was found that in the TiO2 film/Grade 5 substrate system, the maximum value of the critical load force is realized at the “PINK” discharge current Ip = 130 A and minimum at Ip = 0 A.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Monitoring of disturbances in the ionospheric layer as a result of solar
flares on 31 Aug 2024 using IIOS station data
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  Abstract: The increasing electron density in the ionosphere at the D layer resulting from solar flare X‑rays, is likely to affect the propagation of very low frequency in both magnitudes and variations. The present study analyzes the observed events recorded by the Iraqi Ionospheric Observation Station IISO conducted on the 31st August, 2024 at Thi Qar University. The results show a match coincident with other observatories such as HWU and DHO and a high match with the X‑ray data detected by the GOES-16 satellite. The analysis focuses on three isolated incidents resulting from solar flares of class M and C, where sudden ionospheric disturbances appearing in the amplitude spike belong to classes M1.2, C9 and M1.8. The study and observation using the IISO, are compared with the French station, were signals are received from transmitters HWU, DHO and TTB, as well as GOES satellite data and appear to match these stations. It is found that the TBB signal shows no events well, despite its proximity to the receiver. In general, the obtained results indicate to a noise in the signal coming from several reasons including electromagnetic interference, weather, atmospheric conditions, problems with equipment, transmitter malfunctions at the TBB station, incompatibility, the need to reset transmitters, or solar disturbances such as solar storms and different reception angles, as well as physical obstacles and repeated reflections, which induce noise.
  PubDate: 2025-04-08
Structural features of low-stable phase states of aqueous solutions at
ultrahigh dilution
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  Abstract: A physical concept of thermodynamic structural-phase states of a physical system is proposed in application to ultrahigh diluted aqueous solutions low-stable to external impacts. The physical analogy between the states of these solutions and the condensed physical systems helps to understand physics of various effects observed in ultrahigh diluted aqueous solutions. In particular, this approach allows the role of shaking of the chemical solutions in the Epstein effect to be evaluated by mechanochemical methods. An analysis of the thermodynamic and structural-phase low-stable states of the physical system makes it possible to propose a possible mechanism for the system transition to a new phase state under a low-stable external impact on the example of an ordering alloy system. In this case, the small external impact (for example, shaking) can lead to significant phase changes of the system state in which the structural units are close thermodynamically, but can differ significantly in symmetry. It is discussed how the effect of the state of the suitable symmetric liquid solution of a substance under a small external impact (for example, in the form of shaking) can be experimentally realized.
  PubDate: 2025-04-08
Microstructure and work hardening evolution of ultrafine-grained and
coarse-grained alloys Ti–Nb–Zr and Mg–Y–Nd under tension
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  Abstract: The paper investigates the influence of the ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure of Ti–42Nb–7Zr and Mg–2.9Y–1.3Nd alloys on their substructure and strain behavior induced by quasi-static tension. It is shown that the ultrafine grain (UFG) structure provides changes in stress-strain curves. Structural transformations due to quasi-static tension are described for both ultrafine- and coarse-grained structures of these alloys. The alloys with the coarse-grained structure demonstrate the formation of localized deformation bands with misoriented network substructure. The UFG Ti–42Nb–7Zr alloy structure is characterized by the formation of larger equiaxial grains with a lower dislocation density that indicates to a localized alloy softening before fracture. The fracture of the UFG Mg–2.9Y–1.3Nd alloy demonstrates the cellular-network substructure.
  PubDate: 2025-04-03

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