JournalTOCs

Physics of Wave Phenomena
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.258

Number of Followers: 0

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1934-807X - ISSN (Online) 1541-308X
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2469 journals]

The Effect of Millimeter Waves in Aqueous Systems and Biological
Environments Caused by Their Radio-Brightness Contrasts
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  Abstract: A new approach to the analysis of aqueous solutions has been developed, which makes it possible to study simultaneously their dielectric, quasi-optical, and radio-brightness parameters in the centimeter and millimeter spectral regions. An interesting property is found in the range of low second-component concentrations: the intrinsic emission in the millimeter range from some solutions is either stronger or weaker than that from pure water. Radio-brightness changes are associated with the presence of two comparable contributions determined by the ratio of ionic and dipole dielectric losses. This effect is considered as applied to simple aqueous systems and more complex biological objects.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Electrical Properties of Heavy Water Samples Subjected to Vigorous Shaking
During Successive Dilutions
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  Abstract: Permittivity and conductivity of samples of heavy water (D2O) and aqueous glycerin solution of similar viscosity subjected to vigorous shaking and subsequent centesimal dilution by initial unperturbed water or glycerin solution are investigated in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 10 MHz. This iterative procedure is repeated 15 times in one preparation series for each sample. In all cases, the permittivity increment responsible for the inherent characteristics of the solution is not detected, and permittivity variations in each series at the frequency of 100 kHz are no larger than 0.1%, which indicates absence of high-permittivity nanoparticles or very low concentrations of them. Conductivity at 100 kHz is characterized in all cases by complex nonmonotonic dependence on the number of iterative dilution procedures. The amount of conductivity variations in a series of heavy water and glycerin solution samples is appreciably smaller than in natural water. An increase in the viscosity of the solution seems to result in stabilization of nanobubbles and consequently in decreased generation of active reagents due to collapse of nanobubbles, including hydrated electrons and reactive oxygen.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Dynamics of Polymer Membrane Swelling in an Aqueous Suspension of Amino
Acids. The Role of Isotopic Composition
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  Abstract: — The interaction of Nafion polymer membrane with different amino acids has been experimentally investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Experiments were performed with NaCl physiological solutions based on natural water (with a deuterium content of 157 ± 1 ppm) or on deuterium-depleted water (DDW) (deuterium content ≤1 ppm). This study was motivated by the fact that Nafion swelling in natural water is accompanied by “unwinding” of polymer fibers into the liquid bulk, whereas no unwinding occurs in DDW. In addition, the set of polymer fibers unwound into the liquid bulk is similar to the extracellular matrix (glycocalix) on a cellular membrane surface. It is of interest to analyze the role of unwound fibers in the interaction of amino acids with the polymer membrane surface. The interaction of amino acids with the membrane surface was found to induce luminescence quenching. We observed for the first time different dynamic modes arising during Nafion membrane swelling in a suspension of amino acids with different isotopic compositions, including trigger effects similar to the processes occurring in logic gates of computers.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Current Trends in the Studies of Aqueous Solutions
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  Abstract: The latest experimental results are presented which concern generation of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solutions and variations in their properties depending on impurity concentrations and the effect of vibrational and magnetic fields that induce radical reactions and influence quantum properties of oxygen molecules.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Modeling of Water Clusters by Numerical Solution of the Schrödinger
Equation
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  Abstract: — The work presents algorithms and results of the direct computational experiment on mathematical modeling of water clusters treated as quantum systems numerically described using the corresponding Schrödinger equation. The method earlier developed by the author for Monte Carlo numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation is used. This method has proved itself to be quite time-efficient. Its input data are average positions of particles in a quantum system, for description of which a second method is developed. Several energy isomers of water clusters are found by the method for construction of average positions of quantum-system particles. The energy isomers of the water dimer, trimer, and hexamer given in the work are regarded as possible geometrical structures of water clusters and illustrate the use of the proposed methods for calculation of quantum systems.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Application of Laser Polarimetric Scatterometry in the Study of
Water-Based Multicomponent Bioorganic Systems on the Example of Cow Milk
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  Abstract: The applicability of laser polarimetric scatterometry in the analysis of the dispersed composition of water-based multicomponent bioorganic systems has been investigated experimentally using cow milk samples with different fat contents before and after dilution with water. It is shown that the procedure of volume dilution with water makes it possible to determine simultaneously the fat and casein contents in milk on the basis of the angular dependences of light scattering matrix. The empirical dependence of scattering-matrix elements on the fat percentage in milk is revealed. The size distributions of fat and casein particles in the investigated milk samples has been obtained by solving the inverse problem for the measured scattering matrices.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Impact of a Redox Balance on Polysaccharides in an Aqueous Solution
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  Abstract: A possibility of nonenzymatic hydrolysis of glucose polymers in a cell under variation in the cytoplasm redox balance is studied. Experiments have been carried out in vitro in aqueous solutions using water-soluble oligosaccharides and insoluble polysaccharides. To simulate different redox balance conditions, fractions of electrochemically reduced and oxidized distilled water are taken. Comparative investigations are performed using UV-vis spectrometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) weighing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown that a change in the aqueous solution redox balance causes an amylolytic effect. The revealed features allow estimating the role played by nonenzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides in maintaining the intracellular level of glucose, a substrate needed for synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATF).
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Action of Classical Fields on Quantum Systems within the
Schrödinger–Robertson Uncertainty Relation
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  Abstract: Physical consequences of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle generalized by H.P. Robertson and E. Schrödinger are analyzed. It is shown within the linear quantum oscillator model that the use of frequency-variable external classical action on the oscillator is crucial for new physical and chemical applications. It is also shown that the efficiency of the action is controlled by the mutual correlation coefficient between the coordinate and the momentum of the quantum system. A calculation procedure for choosing the frequency dependence of the action is established such as to maximize this coefficient. Directions are outlined for generalizing and sophisticating the model suitable for solving problems of chemical kinetics and hydrodynamics of liquid media.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Experimental Investigations of Formation of Quasiperiodic Water States due
to Electrophysical Processes in the Atmosphere
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  Abstract: The current variation effect in an electrochemical cell (ECC) with deionized water is considered. It is shown that current variations result from formation of electrophoretic current of charged nanoparticles in the electric field of the cell. Influence of the field concentrator on current variations in a two-electrode ECC with deionized water is examined. A mechanism is proposed which explains enhancement of ECC water sensitivity to exposures by formation of nano-sized metal particles.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Nonlinear Acoustic Waves in Liquids with Gas Bubbles: A Review
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  Abstract: This brief abstract historical review consists of two parts. Linear and weakly nonlinear oscillations of bubbles in acoustic field are considered in the first part. Basic data are presented on the following unusual properties of gas–liquid medium: very low speed of sound; high scattering cross section and large wavelength at the resonant frequency in comparison with the bubble radius; and high Q factor, which is determined by the loss on sound emission. The equation for small induced oscillations in acoustic field and the dispersion equation for the compressibility of the medium are presented. It is indicated that the effective nonlinearity of the medium may exceed by three orders of magnitude the nonlinearities of both liquid and gas taken separately. Some applications of small oscillations of bubbles in hydroacoustics, medicine, and linear and nonlinear diagnostics are described. The phenomena of significant changes in the sizes of bubbles, including their creation and collapse, are discussed in the second part. The sonoluminescence of a group of bubbles and a single bubble is described. Some facts related to the unbounded cumulation and its limiting factors are indicated. The history of attempts to implement “sonofusion” (thermonuclear reaction under collapse of cavitation bubbles) is outlined.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
Physical Mechanisms of Activation of Radical Reactions in Aqueous
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  Abstract: Physical mechanisms of both classical and quantum nature, which can in principle activate biochemical kinetics of solutions, are discussed. The generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules under external effects on an aqueous solution containing molecular oxygen О2 is analyzed as an example. The possibility of enriching an aqueous solution with hydrogen peroxide without participation of oxygen is also discussed. External effects of different physical types—mechanical (vibrational), magnetic, and thermal—are considered and compared. Possible influence of hydrodynamic vortices arising during vibrations on the spin states of oxygen molecules is suggested and theoretically substantiated.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
The Spectroscopic Study of Indocyanine Green J-Aggregate Stability in
Human Blood and Plasma
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  Abstract: Spectroscopic approaches are very good to noninvasively determine the most significant indicators of the tissue state. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a well-known fluorescent dye approved for clinical applications, which has a short circulation time in the vascular system and low photostability. At high temperatures the molecular solution of the photosensitizer self-assembles into a stable J-aggregate form of ICG nanoparticles (ICG NPs) with the absorption peak in the near-infrared range. Investigation of ICG NP stability in human blood and plasma using a fiber-spectroscopic system demonstrates no difference in absorption properties and different dependence of the integrated fluorescence ratio between ICG monomers and J-aggregates in blood and plasma. Transition of ICG NP aggregates to the monomeric form in human blood plasma results in a higher circulation time of the fluorescent dye in the vascular system. High stability of aggregates and a low elimination rate may increase efficiency of fluorescent diagnostics of near-tumor tissues.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22020029
Estimation of the Influence of Meteorological Factors on the Aerosol Lidar
Signal in Tunnels above the Elbrus Volcano Chamber
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  Abstract: A harmonic analysis of lidar aerosol backscattering, Earth’s crust deformation data (measured by a laser interferometer strainmeter), and meteorological factors (air relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and air temperature), monitored in the period from August 23, 2019 to June 13, 2020 in the tunnels of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences), has been performed. Phase portraits of meteorological factor variations have been constructed, and phase shifts have been calculated with respect to the aerosol backscattering signal measured by the lidar. A high contribution (up to 70%) of external atmosphere humidity to the obscuring of lidar signal modulation is revealed.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22020054
Nonlinear Acoustics in Medicine: A Review
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  Abstract: Unique instrument engineering is known to be based on new physical concepts, among which suggestions on the use of nonlinear acoustic effects can be selected. The emphasis of this review is on the developments of medical devices and technologies performed with participation of the author. One of such technologies is lithotripsy: acoustic destruction of kidney stones. An important effect is the sound radiation pressure, on which, in particular, medical elastography is based. Nonlinear hemodynamics and acoustic diagnostics of blood parameters, as well as the heart-valve nonlinear dynamics, are discussed. The last section of the review is devoted to the acoustic model of skeletal muscles and their second most important function: protection of bones and joints from shock loads.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22020066
Combined Diffraction and Absorption Band Filtration of a Polychromatic
X-Ray Spectrum
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  Abstract: It is shown that combined diffraction and absorption filtration of a polychromatic X-ray spectrum allows spectral bands tunable in energy and relative width to be separated. In the energy range E < 30–35 keV, the spectral valley is formed by passing a polychromatic beam through a plate of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite mosaic crystal ≈0.5–1 mm thick under the Bragg condition of diffraction. The filtration band width is extended by placing two or more plates at different diffraction angles. In the energy range E > 35–40 keV, filtration is performed by a selectively absorbing filter that contains a chemical element with the photoabsorption K-jump energy in this region of the spectrum. The results can be used in medical X-ray diagnostics and X-ray spectrometry.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X2202008X
Breaking Solitary Waves Run-Up on the Inclined Beach
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  Abstract: Description of waves approaching the coast and estimation of their maximum run-up is one of the most important problems in coastal engineering. Of greatest practical interest are intense incident waves of high steepness and amplitude, which tend to break. Nevertheless, an adequate theoretical description of breaking waves is still a problem in modern wave theory due to the complexity of energy dissipation estimation during wave breaking. We present a simplified theoretical model for the run-up of breaking solitary waves onto the shore using not differential, but basic integral equations of fluid motion. According to our model, the results are in satisfactory agreement with the available laboratory data. The presented results contain an estimate of the maximum speed and characteristic time of the solitary wave run-up. A general analytical formula is proposed for calculating the maximum run-up of solitary waves, depending on the bottom slope and the initial amplitude of the waves. This formula does not contain empirical parameters that need to be adapted based on experiments. The proposed formula demonstrates reasonable capabilities for predicting maximum run-up heights over a wide range of beach slopes and wave conditions.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22020078
Mode Selection in Oceanic Waveguides
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  Abstract: A method is proposed for selecting modes and estimating their parameters in shallow water using a single receiver. The method is based on the two-dimensional time–frequency Fourier transform of the moving-source field. The spectral density given by the integral transform is concentrated in the form of focal spots, corresponding to individual modes. A relationship of the mode phase and group velocities with the coordinates of focal-spot peaks is established. Filtering of focal spots and application of the two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to them reconstructs the fields of selected modes. The results of numerical simulation are presented. The reconstructed modal parameters (amplitude, real part of horizontal wave number, group velocity, damping coefficient) are estimated.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22020030
Improvement of the Measurement Accuracy for the Fabry–Perot
Interferometer Length in Systems with Spectral Encoding of Broadband
Radiation
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  Abstract: A simple method is proposed for taking into account diffraction of the beam in the Fabry–Perot fiber-optic interferometer used in measuring systems with spectral encoding of broadband radiation. The method is based on linearization of the dependence of the phase difference on the optical frequency in the working range. A diffraction correction to the measured interferometer length is obtained, which is on the order of tens of nanometers. The result of the work can be used in systems for measurement of nanodisplacements, temperature, pressure, and other physical quantities.
  PubDate: 2022-06-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22020042
Effect of Shock Waves Generated by a Pulsed Electron Beam on Critical
Parameters of a Second-Generation GdBa2Cu3O7–х HTS Tape
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  Abstract: Samples of second-generation composite high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes based on GdBa2Cu3O7 – x are exposed to shock waves. The shock waves are generated in a lead plate by a pulsed relativistic electron beam (Terek-2 facility, GPI, Russia). The 0.8-mm-thick lead plate is tightly pressed to the HTS sample. Lead allows the sample temperature to be kept below 100°C. The shock effect on the critical current is studied as a function of the shock wave front pressure. The results show that the character of the critical current variation depends on the presence of the high-temperature background. When there is no high-temperature background, the dependence of the decrease in the critical current on the shock wave front pressure has a threshold character. At a high temperature background the critical current decreases linearly with increasing shock wave front pressure.
  PubDate: 2022-03-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X2201006X
Combined Nano- and Microsecond Laser Ablation for Elemental Depth
Profiling of Metal Targets by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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  Abstract: Combined nano- and microsecond laser pulses are used for ablation and elemental depth profiling of metal targets down to as deep as 2 mm without any sample treatment. Combination of nanosecond and microsecond pulses allows producing few-mm craters together with inducing plasma close to the bottom of a crater. Laser plasma spectra at different crater depths are used to measure the elemental depth profile of the target. Using a wear-resistant coating (nickel alloy reinforced by tungsten carbide particles) as an example, we demonstrate for the first time that individual tungsten particles can be identified at a depth of up to 2 mm in the coating by the intensity of the tungsten line in the laser-induced plasma spectrum and thus the coating quality can be estimated within few seconds without any sample treatment.
  PubDate: 2022-03-01
  DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X22010095