 Subjects -> METEOROLOGY (Total: 106 journals)
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- Psychosomatic states and their correlation with letting-go: two newly
evaluated core factors for investigating the therapeutic effect of spa
treatment-
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Abstract: Abstract Spa therapy (aka crenobalneotherapy) has been the object of criticism due to insufficient evidence of its effectiveness. While further effectiveness studies are needed, others are also required to better evaluate the curative factors involved during spa therapy that may contribute to the effectiveness. The current study used specific scales to investigate two possible curative factors: the psychosomatic state and the letting-go of patients with mental disorders after 3 weeks of spa therapy. The Saujon Psychosomatic Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Quantified Assessment of Fluidity of Consciousness Questionnaire (QACF) evaluate psychosomatic state and letting-go, respectively. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms, respectively. Sixty-five subjects (57 women (87.69%); 8 men), with a mean age of 56.9 (± 9.7) years, were included. SPQ and QAFC scores improved significantly before and after the 3 weeks of spa therapy. Improvement in HAD and ISI scores was significantly correlated with SPQ and QACF scores. These preliminary results suggest that the induced psychosomatic state and the letting-go induced by spa treatment with bubbling baths, jet showers, pool bathing and massage could help patients to become more available and more able to change their psychophysiological state.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Sex-based responses of heat stress and subsequent recovery on the growth
performance, metabolic changes, and redox status of broilers at market age
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Abstract: Abstract This experiment investigated the sex responses of heat stress (HS) and subsequent recovery on growth performance, serum metabolic parameters, and redox status. Two hundred 38-day-old broilers were arranged in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 (temperatures and sexes) factorial arrangement in five replicates. Broilers were raised at 24 ± 1 °C or 32 ± 1 °C for 3 days and returned to 24 °C for 2 days. The study showed that HS decreased both average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), serum total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). However, it increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the protein carbonyl group (PCG). Male broilers had higher ADFI, ADG, lactic acid (LA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and PCG, but lower FCR, albumin, total antioxidant capacity, T-SOD, and GPx. Temperature and sex significantly interacted with ADFI, ADG, LA, and HDL-C. The effects of HS on RR, RT, glucose, albumin, BUN, PCG, T-SOD, and GPx recovered after 2 days. These results indicate that HS and subsequent recovery affect growth performance, which is accompanied by disturbances in serum nutrient metabolism and abnormalities in redox function and manifested by temporal and gender differences.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Rubber latex yield is affected by interactions between antecedent
temperature, rubber phenology, and powdery mildew disease-
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Abstract: Abstract Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) latex production is crucial to the local economy, yet Xishuangbanna’s climate is considered sub-optimal for rubber cultivation. The prevalence of the powdery mildew disease (Oidium heveae) in this region has decreased the annual latex yield by 20%. Rubber latex yield is influenced by several factors, including temperature, disease, other biotic conditions, and plantation management. However, the interrelationships and potential influencing networks between rubber latex yield and these factors are rarely quantitatively assessed, and understanding their impacts on latex yield could inform better management practices. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of temperature, phenology, and powdery mildew disease on rubber latex yield in March using observational data on daily rubber latex yield combined with detailed phenology, powdery mildew, and temperature data from 2004 to 2010 in a state farm in the Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. We found that the critical influencing periods of daily temperature difference (or diurnal temperature difference) on the rubber latex yield were during Nov 27–Jan 19 and Jan 21–Mar 17. Partial least square regression analysis and variance partitioning analysis were conducted on the 35 phenological variables, eight powdery mildew-related variables, and two climatic variables. The most influential factors were identified as the factors of the daily temperature differences during Jan–Mar, the duration of leaf flushing phenology, and mean and maximum percentage of leaves infected by powdery mildew. Subsequent canonical correlation analysis and linear regression found that temperature difference directly affected the rubber latex yield and indirectly affected the yield through phenology and powdery mildew disease. Raised daily temperature differences from Jan to Mar had the greatest impact, leading to a higher rubber latex yield. Our comprehensive quantitative assessment revealed the relative importance of antecedent daily temperature differences, phenology, and powdery mildew disease as well as their complex interconnections in influencing rubber latex yield. Our findings are essential to future studies on both powdery mildew disease and rubber latex yield, and also develop rubber latex models.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Tree responses and temperature requirements in two central Italy
phenological gardens-
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Abstract: Abstract Plants have always been able to adapt to climate change by reacting through various responses, mainly at the phenological level. The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of specific tree species located in two phenological gardens in central Italy in relation to the temperature increases recorded in recent years. Specifically, four main phenological phases, BBCH_11, BBCH_19, BBCH_91, and BBCH_65, were monitored during a 14-year time period. The data of the weeks corresponding to the first appearance of each phenological phase and the respective heat accumulations for each species were cross-referenced with the meteorological data recorded by the stations in the two considered areas. Based on average temperature, calculated over reference periods, the species were divided by creating “warm” year groups and “cold” year groups so as to better highlight any differences in the behavior of the same species. In addition, a strong correlation was shown between the maximum temperatures in February and the advances of phenological phases BBCH_11 and BBCH_65. Most of the tree species have shown strong adaptation to climate warming, changing the period of occurrence of the phases themselves.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Thermal performance of a low-profile cross-ventilated freestall dairy barn
with evaporative cooling pads in a hot and humid climate-
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Abstract: Abstract A commercial low-profile cross-ventilated system (LPCV) free-stall barn with evaporative cooling pads on the air intake side was used to assess the potential of cross-ventilation with evaporative cooling to alleviate heat stress in lactating dairy cows. A total of 5712 records (238 days × 24 h) of air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) values were collected. In order to state the effectiveness of the ventilation system and potential heat stress, the temperature humidity index (THI) and enthalpy (h) were calculated outside and inside the LPCV barn. The cooling capacity of the LPCV system is greater in conditions of low humidity, and the difference between the values of the internal and external temperature reached −12 °C. The LPCV reduced exposure to heat stress, increasing the time cows spent in thermoneutral conditions. This system could reduce the occurrence of temperature above 25 °C from 33 to 5% and 11% in sections A (represents the inlet side of the barn) and D (represents the outlet side of the barn), respectively. On the other hand, the LPCV kept a high and constant rate of RH throughout the day. The average inside and outside AT were significantly different, but differences in temperature were observed across the width of the barn. Analyzing the barn by the indexes, the THI showed that the barn promoted cows more time confined under non-stressful thermal conditions (between 83.8 and 90% vs 68.7%) and stress period much lower compared to the external environment (between 10 and 16.2% vs. 31.3%). The enthalpy index showed that there was not much difference between the internal and external environments. The LPCV system is another installation alternative for raising dairy cow in a hot and humid climate.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Temperature–humidity index monitoring during two summer seasons in dairy
cow sheds in Mugello (Tuscany)-
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Abstract: Abstract Many studies have reported that the impact of high temperatures affects physiology, welfare, health, and productivity of farm animals, and among these, the dairy cattle farming is one of the livestock sectors that suffers the greatest effects. The temperature–humidity index (THI) represents the state of the art in the evaluation of heat stress conditions in dairy cattle but often its measurement is not carried out in sheds. For this reason, the aim of this study was the monitoring of the THI in three dairy cattle farms in Mugello (Tuscany) to understand its influence on dairy cows. THI values were calculated using meteorological data from direct observation in sheds and outdoor environments. Data relating to the animal’s behavior were collected using radio collars. The Pearson test and Mann–Kendall test were used for statistical analysis. The results highlighted a significant (P < 0.001) upward trend in THImax during the last 30 years both in Low Mugello (+ 1.1 every 10 years) and in High Mugello (+ 0.9 every 10 years). In Low Mugello sheds, during the period 2020–2022, more than 70% of daytime hours during the summer period were characterized by heat risk conditions (THI > 72) for livestock. On average the animals showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in time spent to feeding and rumination, both during the day and the night, with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in inactivity. This study fits into the growing demand for knowledge of the micro-climatic conditions within farms in order to support resilience actions for protecting both animal welfare and farm productivity from the effects of climate change. This could also be carried out thanks to estimation models which, based on the meteorological conditions forecast, could implement the thermal stress indicator (THI) directly from the high-resolution meteorological model, allowing to get a prediction of the farm’s potential productivity loss based on the expected THI.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Heat, heatwaves, and ambulance service use: a systematic review and
meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence-
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Abstract: Abstract Ambulance data has been reported to be a sensitive indicator of health service use during hot days, but there is no comprehensive summary of the quantitative association between heat and ambulance dispatches. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to retrieve and synthesise evidence published up to 31 August 2022 about the association between heat, prolonged heat (i.e. heatwaves), and the risk of ambulance dispatches. We initially identified 3628 peer-reviewed papers and included 48 papers which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses showed that, for each 5 °C increase in mean temperature, the risk of ambulance dispatches for all causes and for cardiovascular diseases increased by 7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5%, 10%) and 2% (95% CI: 1%, 3%), respectively, but not for respiratory diseases. The risk of ambulance dispatches increased by 6% (95% CI: 4%, 7%), 7% (95% CI: 5%, 9%), and 18% (95% CI: 12%, 23%) under low-intensity, severe, and extreme heatwaves, respectively. We observed two potential sources of bias in the existing literature: (1) bias in temperature exposure measurement; and (2) bias in the ascertainment of ambulance dispatch causes. This review suggests that heat exposure is associated with an increased risk of ambulance dispatches, and there is a dose-response relationship between heatwave intensity and the risk of ambulance dispatches. For future studies assessing the heat-ambulance association, we recommend that (1) using data on spatially refined gridded temperature that is either very well interpolated or derived from satellite imaging may be an alternative to reduce exposure measurement bias; and (2) linking ambulance data with hospital admission data can be useful to improve health outcome classification.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- The impact of tree species and planting location on outdoor thermal
comfort of a semi-outdoor space-
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Abstract: Abstract Previous studies have shown that tree arrangement provides effective regulation of the outdoor thermal environment and combats the urban heat island (UHI) effect. To further explore semi-outdoor thermal environment improvement using tree arrangement, we selected two common arbor species from Guangdong Province, namely, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Bombax ceiba. We discuss the influence of courtyard tree arrangements on the thermal environment of semi-outdoor spaces (courtyards and overhead spaces) of a teaching building in a hot-humid area. The ENVI-met model was used and verified with field measurements; the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was used as an index to evaluate the thermal environment of semi-outdoor spaces. We found that (1) adjusting the distance between trees and buildings reduced the UTCI values by 0.4 (overhead spaces) and 0.8 ℃ (courtyards); and (2) when the distance between the arbor and the building is fixed, the UTCI values of arranging Lagerstroemia speciosa can be reduced by up to 0.5 (overhead spaces) and 1.0 ℃ (courtyards) compared to that of Bombax ceiba; this study provides practical suggestions for the layout of trees in semi-outdoor spaces of teaching buildings in the hot-humid areas of China.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- The effects of summer ambient temperature on total mortality in Serbia
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Abstract: Abstract In the context of recent climate change, temperature-attributable mortality has become an important public health threat worldwide. A large number of studies in Europe have identified a relationship between temperature and mortality, while only a limited number of scholars provided evidence for Serbia. In order to provide more evidence for better management of health resources at the regional and local level, this study aims to assess the impact of summer temperature on the population in Serbia, using daily average temperature (Ta) and mortality (CDR (crude death rate) per 100,000). The analysis was done for five areas (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Loznica, and Vranje), covering the summer (June–August) period of 2001–2015. In order to quantify the Ta-related CDR, a generalized additive model (GAM) assuming a quasi-Poisson distribution with log as the link function was used. Five regression models were constructed, for each area, revealing a statistically significant positive relationship between Ta and CDR in four areas. The effect of Ta on CDR was defined as the relative risk (RR), which was obtained as the exponential regression coefficient of the models. RR indicates that a 1 °C increase in Ta at lag0 was associated with an increase in CDR of 1.7% for Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Niš and 2% for Loznica. The model for Vranje did not quantify a statistically significant increase in CDR due to Ta (RR=1.006, 95% CI 0.991–1.020). Similar results were confirmed for gender, with a slightly higher risk for women. Analysis across lag structure showed different exposure, but the highest effect of Ta mainly occurs over the short term and persists for 3 days.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Global Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease burden attributable to air
pollution from 1990 to 2019-
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Abstract: Background The disease burden attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is significant worldwide. Some studies have linked exposure to air pollution to COPD, but there has been little research on this. Methods We aimed to assess the COPD-related disease burden attributable to air pollution from multiple epidemiological perspectives. This study conducted a three-stage analysis. Firstly, we reported on the burden of disease worldwide in 2019 by different subgroups including sex, age, region, and country. Secondly, we studied the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2019. Finally, we explored the association of some national indicators with disease burden to look for risk factors. Results In 2019, the death number of COPD associated with air pollution accounted for 2.32% of the total global death, and the number of DALY accounted for 1.12% of the global DALY. From 1990 to 2019, the death number of COPD associated with air pollution increased peaked at 1.41 million in 1993, fluctuated, and then declined. We found the same temporal pattern of DALY. The corresponding age-standardized rates had been falling. At the same time, the burden of COPD associated with air pollution was also affected by some national indicators. Conclusions This study indicated that air pollution-related COPD contributed to a significant global disease burden. We called for health policymakers to take action and interventions targeting vulnerable countries and susceptible populations.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- A comparative study on effect of heat stress on physiological and cellular
responses of crossbred cattle and riverine buffalo in subtropical region
of India-
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Abstract: Abstract The study was carried out to compare the in vitro and in vivo heat shock responses of cattle and buffaloes. The expression of heat responsive genes (HSP70 and HSF family) were studied in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cattle and buffalo. In vivo observations on animals were carried out to investigate the physiological responses of cattle and buffalo at different THI over a period of 14 months. The study indicated that onset and severity of heat stress at different THI varied significantly between cattle and buffalo. Rectal temperature (RT) showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase at THI 67 in buffaloes and at THI 68 in cattle. Significant (p < 0.01) differences in RT between the species were observed at THI 71, 72, and 73. Respiration rate (RR) significantly (p < 0.05) increased at THI 70 in both the species and significant (p < 0.05) differences in RR were observed between the species at THI 65, 68, 69, and 74. THI had significant (p < 0.05) effect on blood glucose and blood electrolytes of the species with increased levels at higher THI. Serum AST and ALT levels showed less pronounced changes over increasing THI. Heat stress-associated expressions of HSP 70 genes followed temporal changes with incremental THI. The expression of HSPA8 was consistent at lower THI whereas upregulation of HSPA1A and HSPA1L was evident at higher THI. The study concludes that changes in physiological parameters such as RT and RR occur in a phasic pattern in both species and onset of heat stress was early in buffalo as compared to cattle.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Temperature extremes and infectious diarrhea in China: attributable risks
and effect modification of urban characteristics-
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Abstract: Abstract Studies about the role of urban characteristics in modifying the health effect of temperature extremes are still unclear. This study is aimed at quantifying the morbidity risk of infectious diarrhea attributable to temperature extremes and the modified effect of a range of city-specific indicators. Distributed lag non-linear model and multivariate meta-regression were applied to estimate fractions of infectious diarrhea morbidity attributable to temperature extremes and to explore the effect modification of city-level characteristics. Extreme heat- and extreme cold-related infectious diarrhea amounted to 0.99% (95% CI: 0.57–1.29) and 1.05% (95% CI: 0.64–1.24) of the total cases, respectively. The attributable fraction of temperature extremes on infectious diarrhea varied between southern and northern China. Several city characteristics modified the association of extreme cold with infectious diarrhea, with a higher morbidity impact related to increased water consumption per capita and decreased latitude. Regions with higher levels of latitude or GDP per capita appeared to be more sensitive to extreme hot. In conclusion, exposure to temperature extremes was associated with increased risks of infectious diarrhea and the effect can be modified by urban characteristics. This finding can inform public health interventions to decrease the adverse effects of temperature extremes on infectious diarrhea.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Comparison of the short-term efficacy of peloid and paraffin treatments on
pain and quality of life in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a
randomized controlled study-
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Abstract: Abstract Although peloid, paraffin, and exercise treatments are effective in patients with plantar fasciitis, there had been no comprehensive and comparative studies of these treatments for plantar fasciitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of peloid, paraffin, and exercise treatments on pain, functional status, and quality of life in patients with plantar fasciitis. A total of 104 patients, aged 18 years and over, who applied to our clinic with heel pain and were diagnosed with plantar fasciitis according to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Clinical Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Acquired Infracalcaneal Heel Pain guideline, with pain at the level of 3 and more severe according to the visual analog scale were randomly divided into three groups: the peloid group (peloid therapy and home exercise), the paraffin group (paraffin therapy and home exercise), and the control group (home exercise). Peloid and paraffin applications were applied 5 days a week, a total of 15 sessions in 3 weeks. Participants were evaluated with the visual analog scale, heel tenderness index, and the foot and ankle outcome score before treatment, after treatment, and at the first month after treatment. Compared to pre-treatment evaluation, significant improvements were observed in all parameters after treatment and at the first month controls in all 3 groups (p < 0.05). In the peloidotherapy and paraffin therapy added groups, pain reduction and quality of life increase were higher than the exercise group (p < 0.05). Adding peloidotherapy or paraffin therapy to the home exercise program in the treatment of plantar fasciitis can further reduce pain and improve quality of life.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Ten best practices for effective phenological research
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Abstract: Abstract The number and diversity of phenological studies has increased rapidly in recent years. Innovative experiments, field studies, citizen science projects, and analyses of newly available historical data are contributing insights that advance our understanding of ecological and evolutionary responses to the environment, particularly climate change. However, many phenological data sets have peculiarities that are not immediately obvious and can lead to mistakes in analyses and interpretation of results. This paper aims to help researchers, especially those new to the field of phenology, understand challenges and practices that are crucial for effective studies. For example, researchers may fail to account for sampling biases in phenological data, struggle to choose or design a volunteer data collection strategy that adequately fits their project’s needs, or combine data sets in inappropriate ways. We describe ten best practices for designing studies of plant and animal phenology, evaluating data quality, and analyzing data. Practices include accounting for common biases in data, using effective citizen or community science methods, and employing appropriate data when investigating phenological mismatches. We present these best practices to help researchers entering the field take full advantage of the wealth of available data and approaches to advance our understanding of phenology and its implications for ecology.
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Sub-regional variation in atmospheric and land variables regulates tea
yield in the Dooars region of West Bengal, India-
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Abstract: Abstract Climatic variables can have localized variations within a region and these localized climate patterns can have significant effect on production of climate-sensitive crops such as tea. Even though tea cultivation and industries significantly contribute to employment generation and foreign earnings of several South Asian nations including India, sub-regional differences in the effects of climatic and soil variables on tea yield have remained unexplored since past studies focused on a tea-producing region as a whole and did not account for local agro-climatic conditions. Here, using a garden-level panel dataset based on tea gardens of Dooars region, a prominent tea-producing region in India, we explored how sub-regional variations in climatic and land variables might differently affect tea yield within a tea-producing region. Our analysis showed that the Dooars region harboured significant spatial variability for different climatic (temperature, precipitation, surface solar radiation) and soil temperature variables. Using graph-based Louvain clustering of tea gardens, we identified four spatial sub-regions which varied in terms of topography, annual and seasonal distribution of climatic and land variables and tea yield. Our sub-region-specific panel regression analyses revealed differential effects of climatic and land variables on tea yield of different sub-regions. Finally, for different emission scenario, we also projected future (2025–2100) tea yield in each sub-region based on predictions of climatic variables from three GCMs (MIROC5, CCSM4 and CESM1(CAM5)). A large variation in future seasonal production changes was projected across sub-regions (−23.4–35.7% changes in premonsoon, −4.2–3.1% changes in monsoon and −10.9–10.7% changes in postmonsoon tea production, respectively).
PubDate: 2023-10-01
- Associations between residential greenness and air pollution and the
incident metabolic syndrome in a Thai worker cohort-
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Abstract: Abstract Increasing air pollution and decreasing exposure to greenness may contribute to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined associations between long-term exposure to residential greenness and air pollution and MetS incidence in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. Data from 1369 employees (aged 52–71 years) from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand cohort from 2002 to 2017 were analyzed. The greenness level within 500 m of each participant’s residence was measured using the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The kriging approach was used to generate the average concentration of each air pollutant (PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) at the sub-district level. The average long-term exposure to air pollution and greenness for each participant was calculated over the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the greenness-air pollution-MetS associations. The adjusted hazard ratio of MetS was 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 1.53), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.30), and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.82, 2.20), per interquartile range increase in PM10 (9.5 μg/m3), SO2 (0.9 ppb), and CO (0.3 ppm), respectively. We found no clear association between NDVI or EVI and the incidence of MetS. On the contrary, the incident MetS was positively associated with NDVI and EVI for participants exposed to PM10 at concentrations more than 50 μg/m3. In summary, the incidence of MetS was positively associated with long-term exposure to air pollution. In areas with high levels of air pollution, green spaces may not benefit health outcomes.
PubDate: 2023-09-22
- Estimating cucumber crop coefficients under different greenhouse
microclimatic conditions-
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Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to determine cucumber crop coefficients under different greenhouse microclimatic conditions, parameterizing the Priestley-Taylor reference evapotranspiration model. Crop evapotranspiration was directly measured with the use of lysimeters, and crop coefficients were computed following the two-step climate FAO 56 methodology. Greenhouse compartments (i.e., cooled or uncooled) showed reference evapotranspiration differences of up to 12% in an autumn-winter crop. The results presented cucumber crop coefficient values from the initial to the late-season growth stages from 0.45 to 0.94 depending on the greenhouse climate. Based on the greenhouse hourly microclimatic variation of KC, it is recommended not to apply a KC as a constant for transpiration estimation even at greenhouses located within the same region Regression analysis relating crop coefficients with leaf area revealed very high correlation coefficients for the equations tested. The results indicated that evapotranspiration can be modeled satisfactory based on a significant relationship between crop coefficient and simple measurements of the leaf area index (i.e., KC = 0.447 × LAI).
PubDate: 2023-09-21
- Ambient carbon monoxide and relative risk of daily hospital outpatient
visits for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China-
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Abstract: Abstract At present, evidence of the associations between carbon monoxide (CO) and respiratory diseases (RD) in Northwest China is limited and controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of ambient CO on outpatient visits for RD in Lanzhou, China. The daily amount of outpatient visits for total and cause-specific RD, air pollutant, and weather variables were collected in Lanzhou, China from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2019. A generalized additive model and distributed lag nonlinear model were used to assess associations between CO and outpatient visits for RD. During the study period, a total of 1,623,361 RD outpatient visits were recorded. For each interquartile range (IQR) (0.77 mg/m3) increase in CO, the relative risk (RR) was 1.163 (95% CI: 1.138, 1.188) for total RD at lag07, 1.153 (95% CI: 1.128,1.179) for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) at lag07, 1.379 (95% CI: 1.338,1.422) for pneumonia at lag07, 1.029 (95% CI: 0.997,1.062) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lag04, 1.068 (95% CI: 1.028,1.110) for asthma lag03, and 1.212 (95% CI: 1.178,1.247) for bronchitis lag07, respectively. In the subgroup analyses, the impacts of CO were more pronounced on total RD, pneumonia, COPD, and bronchitis in males than females, while the opposite was true in URTI and asthma. The impact of CO on RD was the strongest for children under 15 years-of-age. We also found significantly stronger effects during cold seasons compared to warm seasons. In addition, we observed a roughly linear exposure–response curve between CO and RD with no threshold effect. This study in Lanzhou revealed a remarkable association between CO level and an elevated risk of total and cause-specific RD outpatient visits, especially for pneumonia.
PubDate: 2023-09-20
- The effects of warm weather on children’s outdoor heat stress and
physical activity in a preschool yard in Gothenburg, Sweden-
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Abstract: Abstract Hot weather conditions can have negative impacts on the thermal comfort and physical activity of vulnerable groups such as children. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of warm weather on 5-year-old children’s thermal comfort and physical activity in a preschool yard in Gothenburg, Sweden. In situ measurements were conducted for 1–1.5 h in the early afternoon on 8 days in May, June, and August of 2022. The thermal comfort and physical activity was estimated with GPS-tracks, heart rate monitors, and step counts and compared to observed weather conditions. Results show that physical activity decreases under warmer weather conditions, depicted by a decrease in distance moved, step counts, and highest registered pulse. Moreover, on warm days, the children avoid sunlit areas. For 50% or more of the time spent in sunlit areas, the children are exposed to cautious levels of heat. In shaded areas, on the other hand, the children are less exposed, with five out of 8 days having 50% or more of the time at neutral levels. The study demonstrates the importance of access to shaded areas in preschool yards where children can continue their active play while simultaneously maintaining a safe thermal status.
PubDate: 2023-09-19
- Association of air pollutants and meteorological factors with
tuberculosis: a national multicenter ecological study in China-
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Abstract: Abstract The impact of weather variability and air pollutants on tuberculosis (TB) has been a research hotspot. Previous studies have mostly been limited to a certain area or with a small sample size of cases, and multi-scale systematic studies are lacking. In this study, 14,816,329 TB cases were collected from 31 provinces in China between 2004 and 2018 to estimate the association between TB risk and meteorological factors and air pollutants using a two-stage time-series analysis. The impact and lagged time of meteorological factors and air pollutants on TB risk varied greatly in different provinces and regions. Overall cumulative exposure–response summary associations across 31 provinces suggested that high monthly mean relative humidity (RH) (66.8–82.4%, percentile56-100 (P56–100)), rainfall (316.5–331.1 mm, P96–100), PM2.5 exposure concentration (93.3–145.0 μg/m3, P58–100), and low monthly mean wind speed (1.6–2.1 m/s, P0–38) increased the risk of TB incidence, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.16), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03–1.16), 2.08 (95% CI: 1.18–3.65), and 2.06 (95% CI: 1.27–3.33), and attributable risk percent (AR%) of 9%, 9%, 52%, and 51%, respectively. Conversely, high monthly average wind speed (2.3–2.9 m/s, P54–100) and mean temperature (20.2–25.3 °C, P79–96), and low monthly average rainfall (2.4–25.2 mm, P0–7) and concentration of SO2 (8.1–21.2 μg/m3, P0-16) exposure decreased the risk of TB incidence, with an overall cumulative RR of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.98), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59–0.94), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.95), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.56–0.93), respectively. Our study provided insights into future planning of public health interventions for TB.
PubDate: 2023-08-03
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