 Subjects -> METEOROLOGY (Total: 106 journals)
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- Physiological Responses of Wheat Associate with Heat Tolerance
Authors: Minakshi R. Neware, N. R. Potdukhe
Pages: 1 - 10
Abstract: This study was performed to explore heat stress tolerance indices to judge terminal heat tolerance genotypes from nine wheat genotypes viz: AKAW 5023, AKAW 4927, PBN 4905, PBN 4751-02, NIAW 3523, NIAW 2891, AKAW 4210-6 (C), NIAW 34 (C), NIAW 1994 (C) at Wheat Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MH) during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-2018. The trial was setup in RBD design with three replications. Yield and Physiological traits were recorded and correlated with yield. Genotype NIAW 2891 noted significantly high germination %,CTD (4.30oC), minimum membrane thermo-stability index (48.86%) at 75 DAS (grain filling stage), exhibited more RGR (0.0074 g g-1 day-1), NAR (0.0500 g dm2 day-1), early 50% flowering (58.16 days), days to maturity (91.83 days) and more grain yield ha-1 (35.65 q/ha) followed by genotype NIAW 3523 (33.83 q/ha) during both the year and noted as heat tolerance genotypes against the best check AKAW 4210-6. Correlation analysis showed that yield under stress environment had positive significant correlate with days to 50 % flowering and physiological maturity however, canopy temperature and membrane thermo-stability index had negative significant correlation with yield. Hence, due emphasis should be given to these attributes for genetic improvement in wheat under heat stress condition.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81926
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Long Term Effect of Organic Cropping Systems on Hydraulic Properties of
Soils
Authors: Jaskirandeep Kaur
Pages: 11 - 23
Abstract: A field study on long term effect of five organic cropping systems viz. poplar + turmeric (CS1), sugarcane + bottle gourd – broccoli (CS2), basmati – wheat (CS3), sugarcane fodder (CS4) and maize + summer moong - wheat (CS5) on soil hydraulic properties was conducted at Natural Agriculture Farm and Research Centre, Dherekot, Jandiala Guru, Amritsar, Punjab. The depth wise soil samples from these cropping systems were collected after rabi (2018-19) and kharif (2019) seasons. Maximum soil water retentivity (MWR) in CS2 and CS5 was significantly higher than CS1, CS3 and CS4. In 15-22.5 cm soil layer MWR was significantly lower than 0-7.5, 7.5-15 and 22.5-30 cm soil layers. At 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 bar matric potentials CS1 and CS2 has significantly higher soil moisture retention compared to CS3, CS4 and CS5 cropping systems. However, CS4 has significantly lower soil moisture at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 bar matric potential compared to CS5. Soil moisture retention was significantly lower in 15-22.5 cm depth compared to 0-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm depths at all matric potentials. Plant available water in CS1, CS2 and CS5 was significantly higher by 5.7, 4.9 and 2.9 percent, respectively compared to CS3 and by 5.5, 4.7 and 2.7 percent, respectively compared to CS4. Soil infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were significantly higher in CS4 compared to all other cropping systems. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) was significantly lower in CS3 than all other cropping systems. In CS1 and CS2 SHC was at par but these cropping systems have significantly lower SHC than CS4 and CS5. Irrespective of cropping systems SHC of 22.5-30 cm layer was significantly lower than other soil depths. In different cropping systems unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (KΨ) was significantly higher in CS4 and CS5 compared to CS1, CS2 and CS3. Soil drainage rate was significantly higher in CS4 by 8.6, 19.3, 30.2 and 67.3 percent compared to CS5, CS2, CS1 and CS3, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81927
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Study of Four Cucumber Germplasm Genotypes, Grown in Qatar and the Indian
Agro-climatic Zone, Based on Its Phenotypic Traits
Authors: Muvin Khan, Amar Prakash Garg, Sourabh Jain, . Tanushiri
Pages: 24 - 36
Abstract: This study included four genotypes of cucumber (IC257296, IC420405, GYNE-5, PUSA SANYOG) which were evaluated based on phenotypic traits when grown under two different soil zones of Doha (Qatar) and Meerut (India). Statistical analysis to estimate various genetic parameters like phenotypic and genotypic variance, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV), broad sense heritability and genetic gain and principal component analysis (PCA) of genotypes was done in order to assess the magnitude of variability for various agro-metrical characters. In Indian soil zone, highest yield was observed in GYNE-5, while, in Qatar soil zone, highest yield was observed in PUSA SANYOG. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than its corresponding genotypic counterpart (GCV) for all characters studied. High broad-sense heritability was associated with all the traits in both zones except fruit length. Days to edible maturity, fruit length and fruit width showed low genetic gain in qatar zone; hence, heterosis breeding would be recommended. Principal component analysis involved vine length and days to edible maturity as the most discriminating trait that accounted for greater variability in cucumber in qatar zone, and it should be considered in cucumber improvement programs. Correlation analysis represent that yield was positively correlated with fruit length and fruit width, while, fruit per plant showed positive significant correlation with vine length. Present findings suggest that PUSA SANYOG may be cultivated in other areas with similar climatic conditions. This study will help to improve the protected agriculture model of Qatar and revenue generation for the farmers.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81928
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Screening of Tropical Maize Inbred Lines by Artificial Infestation for
Resistance against Invasive Fall Armyworm in India
Authors: K. Vani Sree, D. Bhadru, M. V. Nagesh Kumar, S. Upendhar, B. Mallaiah, Y. Sivalakshmi
Pages: 37 - 52
Abstract: Aim: This study was aimed to find resistance sources against FAW. Study Design: Randomised Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: The Present study was conducted at Maize Research Centre, Hyderabad with promising germplasm during Kharif-2021, Rabi-2021-22 and Kharif-2022. Methodology: Field-collected FAW egg masses were reared using maize leaf- and stalk-based diet at 27 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity and 12 h day length. The resulting neonates were used to infest the seedlings of 34 diverse tropical maize inbred genotypes. Results: A total of 15 genotypes were found to have recorded a leaf damage score of less than 5 with the least score recorded in BML 2 (3.24), followed by BML 11 (3.34), BML 7(3.37), BML 5 (3.37), BML 8 (3.49), CM 201 (3.60), BML 32-2 (3.91), CM 132 (3.97), BML 10 (4.01), BML 6 (4.02), BML 13 (4.34), CM202 (4.34), CM 131 (4.68), BML 90 (4.82), BML 45 (4.95) and displayed moderate resistance. Conclusion: Out of 34 inbred lines studied 15 were found to be moderately resistant to fall armyworm based on LIR and cob damage score under artificial infestation.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81929
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Analysis of Socio-Economic Characteristics of Potato Farmers and Trend,
Growth Rate of Area, Production of Potato in Nalanda District of Bihar,
India
Authors: Suman Kumari , Mukesh Maurya , Sanjay Kumar , Ashish S. Noel
Pages: 53 - 60
Abstract: This paper investigates the socio–economic situation of potato farmers and the Growth Rate of Area, Production of Potato in Nalanda District of Bihar, India. Nalanda district was purposively selected because this district has a maximum area under potato cultivation. The required data were collected from 150 randomly selected farmers for the year 2021-22. The average size of land holding and the family size was 1.51 ha. and 5.7 respectively in the study area. Potato farmers are categorized into three different age groups i.e., Below 30 years, 30-50 years and Above 50 years. The majority of farmers (40%) fall into 30-50 age group. Medium farmers are the highest annual income as compared to small and marginal farmers. The result shows that the annual income of farmers consists of farm and non-farm sources i.e., 40% and 60% respectively. The trend analysis shows that the growth rate in area and production was negative during periods I (2007–08 to 2011–12) and II (2017–18 to 2021–22), while the growth rate of area and production was positive during periods III (2012–13 to 2016–17). There was a positive trend with annual growth rates of 2.85 percent for area, 0.86 percent for production during period III and 8.82 percent and 2.19 percent for yield during the period of 2007-08 to 2017-18.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81930
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Genetic Divergence Study in Different Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
under Irrigated and Drought Stress Condition
Authors: Sirisha Bora , Manthur Sreeramulu Manjunath , Vinod Kumar , Sulochna, C. l. Maurya, Dhruvendra Singh Sachan , Ashok Kumar Koshariya
Pages: 61 - 71
Abstract: Thirty rice genotypes were evaluated to study genetic divergence under irrigated and drought stress conditions in randomized block design at Bagusala farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, Odisha, during summer 2019. The main objective of this experiment was to identify reproductive phase drought tolerant genotypes through study the effect of drought stress on yield, yield attributing and biochemical traits performance of selected genotypes using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Set of 30 genotypes were grouped in to five and nine clusters under irrigated and drought situation. Under irrigated conditions cluster-Ⅰ was largest cluster with 22 genotypes followed by cluster-Ⅱ includes 5 genotypes cluster-Ⅲ, IV and V each consisted with only one genotype. Under drought condition, genotypes were grouped into nine different clusters, cluster-Ⅰ was the largest cluster involving 20 genotypes followed by cluster-Ⅱ having 3 genotypes whereas, cluster-Ⅲ, IV, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ were recorded with single genotype. The maximum intra cluster distances under irrigated conditions were found in cluster- Ⅱ (27111.9) followed by cluster-Ⅰ (17587.7). Whereas, in case of stress cluster-Ⅱ had maximum distance (21110.9) fallowed by cluster-Ⅰ (17957.8). Under irrigated maximum inter-cluster distances recorded between cluster-Ⅱ and Ⅴ (62310.8) followed by cluster-Ⅳ and Ⅴ (57656.0). In case of stress maximum inter cluster distances recorded between cluster -Ⅱ and Ⅶ (69865.5) fallowed by cluster- Ⅷ and Ⅸ (67848.9), cluster-Ⅱ and Ⅸ (65239.2). Under irrigate conditions highest manifestation towards genetic divergence was exhibited by chlorophyll followed by plant yield, 1000 grain weight, proline, number of spikelets, carbohydrates, grain weight, phenols, panicle length, panicle weight, flavonoids, number of filled grains, plant height and number of tillers. In case of drought stress, maximum percentage contribution towards to the genetic divergence was observed for Proline followed by carbohydrates, plant height, plant yield, grain weight, chlorophyll, number of spikelets, flavonoids, 1000grain weight, filled grains, phenols, panicle weight, panicle length and number of tillers, while other trait like root length did not contribute to the total divergence. The genotypes grouped under cluster Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅷ namely MTU1010, MTU1075, MTU1224, RNR2465 and Manipur black rice exhibited maximum drought tolerance under stress conditions. These genotypes can be used as the donor parents for development of drought tolerant lines in crop improvement programme.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81931
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet
(Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: K. Bhargavi , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu , Akankhya Pradhan
Pages: 72 - 77
Abstract: The field experiment was carried out during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the response of sulphur and zinc on the growth and yield of Pearl millet. The treatments consist of sulphur @ 20, 30 and 40 kg/ha and zinc @ 5, 10 and15 kg/ha. There were 9 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%), available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (198.06 cm), plant dry weight (75.83 g/plant), crop growth rate (47.70 g/m2 /day), ear head length (25.2 cm), grains/ear head (2006.0), test weight (8.57 gm), higher grain yield (40.95 q/ha) and higher stover yield (40.95 q/ha) were significantly influenced with the application of sulphur 40 kg/ha + zinc 15 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 92145.00/ha), higher net returns (INR 62365.00/ha) and a higher B: C ratio (2.09) were also recorded in treatment-9 (sulphur 40 kg/ha+zinc 15 kg/ha).
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81932
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluation of Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the Basis of
Physiological and Morphological Traits
Authors: Saurabh Singh , A. K. Singh , Shraddha Singh , Alok Kumar Singh
Pages: 78 - 82
Abstract: The investigation entitled “Evaluation of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the basis of physiological and morphological traits” was conducted during the Kharif season, 2019-2020 at the field of Student’s Instruction Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. Nine elite rice genotypes were shown in RBD with three replications, and morphological data were recorded. i.e., Plant height (cm), tiller number per plant, ear bearing tillers per plant, dry weight per plant(g), number of grains/plant, test weight(g), grain yield per plant. The plant height was, plant dry weight and number of tillers per plant obtained maximum in Sambha Sub-1 in comparison to other genotypes.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81933
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Foliar Spray of Iron and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield
of Greengram
Authors: Michael William Topno , Joy Dawson
Pages: 83 - 88
Abstract: The Field experiment was conducted during Kharif season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, India. To evaluate the Response of Foliar spray of Iron and Gibberellic acid on the Growth and Yield of Greengram . The Soil of the experimented field was Sandy Loam in texture, slightly alkaline reaction (pH 7.0), low in organic carbon (0.40%), available N (161.48kg/ha), available 151.2kg/ha) and available K(232.5kg/ha).The Treatment consisted of FeSO4 (foliar spray at 15,30 DAS) 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% ,and GA3(foliar spray at 20,40 DAS) 50ppm, 100ppm, and 150ppm . The experiment was laid out in a randomized Block design and comprised of different levels of Iron and GA3 with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The growth attributes which was plant height (53.83cm), No. of Nodules/plant (51.00), Plant dry weight (11.67 g/plant) was significantly increased with increase in level of Iron and GA3.The Yield attributes was obtained Maximum, No. of Pods/Plant (24.5), No. of Seeds/Pod (12.00), Test weight (20.50g), Grain yield (1.95 t/ha), Stover Yield (3.15 t/ha) and Harvest Index (33.83%)at harvest. Maximum Gross Return (INR 1,29,112.50 INR/ha), Net Return (INR 92,803.50 INR/ha), highest B: C Ratio (2.56).
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81934
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Impact of Fertigation Regimes on Quality of Ginger (Rio-de-Janeiro and
Himachal)
Authors: S. N. Manjunatha, Kavitha Kandpal, A. Vidya, C. T. Ramachandra, B. N. Maruthi Prasad, K. Tamil Vendan
Pages: 89 - 94
Abstract: Ginger is used as one of the important ingredients in traditional as well as modern medicine besides as a spice. It boosts immunity and is a rich source of many biologically active substances and minerals. Although it is a medicinally important crop, its productivity is, however, affected due to poor nutrient management and therefore it requires an adequate supply of nutrients in the form of inorganic fertilizers or organic manuring, or a mixture of both. In this context, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of fertigation regimes on quality of ginger (Rio-De-Jenereo and Himachal) at vegetable division in department of Horticulture, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments, Sources of nutrients used were FYM (Farm Yard Manure), Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria), AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi), KMB (Potassium Mobilizing Bio fertilizer), Inorganic sources (Urea, DAP, MOP, SSP, Ginger special, Neem cake). The results showed that the application of 200 % RDF (200:100:100 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) fertigation + FYM 30 t/ha, Neem cake 2 t/ha] was found effective for increment in essential oil (%), oleoresin content (%), gingerol (%) and crude fibre (%) in both varieties of ginger among the all treatments evaluated in this zone (Bangalore).
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81935
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Artificial Neural Networks and their Use in Agricultural Genetic
Engineering and Protein Estimation
Authors: Amit Kotiyal , Aashish Dudi , M. Lakshmi , Adesh Gaurav , Bikram Shah , Ritam Mondal , Lalit Kadu , Nitin Kalyan
Pages: 95 - 108
Abstract: A mathematical model called an artificial neural network uses certain algorithms to anticipate and predict various events. This model has multiple layers, including input, hidden, and output layers. By altering its algorithms, various outputs can be produced based on the input utilized. Biological neuron mechanization has an impact on artificial neural networks. As biological neurons have a propensity to learn and train sets of data for producing biased outputs by spotting and removing variances in them, ANN also works on these principles. Although this model has many uses, it has historically been employed in biological experiments using the supervised learning method, one of which is to predict protein secondary structure. This allows one to identify the positions of different amino acids that are ordered complicated protein structures, which are very appealing in genetic engineering. By this model scientists can map out and isolate a desirable gene in genetic material without going through intense laborious experiments. This report summarizes all the objectives linked to artificial neural networks as well as their applications in bioengineering by examining many related studies.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81936
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Advance Families of
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: Padmashree R., . Honnappa, Shanthala J., Savithramma D. L., Sanjeev Kumar R.
Pages: 109 - 119
Abstract: Genetic variability is a major component which helps in selecting better genotypes under different environmental conditions. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the genetic variability and its components and their trait associations of yield characters from the cross of GKVK-13 and KCG-2 that contribute to the F6 and F7 families. In an augmented block design with three checks, TMV-2, KCG-6, and KCG-2, the study was carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, in the 2017 summer and Kharif (rainy seasons). Highly significant differences between the families were found in the analysis of variance for all the characters studied in the F6 and F7 generations, indicating that there is enough variation. Furthermore, medium to high Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic coefficient of variation values coupled with high heritability and medium to high genetic advance as per cent mean observed in most of the traits showed that the majority of the attributes were controlled by additive gene activity and that there was adequate variability. In addition, phenotypic correlation coefficients depicted significant positive associations for most of the traits studied. The implications of the results are discussed. The study concludes that there was the presence of additive genes controlling most of the traits and early selection of these traits is possible for groundnut improvement in the breeding programme.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81937
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Survey Study to Assess the Prevalence of Storage Insect Pest on the Seed
Health Status of Farmers in Telangana, India
Authors: A. Padmasri , B. V. Jayanth , B. Rajeswari
Pages: 120 - 126
Abstract: Introduction: Telangana is considered as seed bowl of India. About 65% of rice produced will be used either for consumption or seed purpose. Hence, farmers save their produce till next season. But in storage it is infested with many insect pests. Due to lack of awareness about scientific storage techniques they are unable to produce quality seed. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five rice seed samples were collected from seven major rice producing areas of the Telangana. Seed samples were drawn from top, middle and bottom positions of the container with a sampler, from the storage structures. A total of fourteen seed stores were sampled and composite samples were collected from these stores for further assessment in a laboratory. From each container, three samples, each consisting of 500 g of rice seed was taken. Samples were bulked and 500 g sample prepared as sample. Each sample was put in a paper bag and labeled with the necessary information (name of the site, sample number, date of sampling, storage time. Results: Sixty three percent samples were infested with lesser grain borer; Rhyzopertha dominica; Angoumois grain moth; Sitotroga cereallela, rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae; rust red flour beetle, Tribolium cataneum; Saw toothed beetle Oryzaephillus surinamensis. Among these insect pests, Angoumois grain moth and lesser grain borer were predominant. The maximum seed moisture content (12.57%) was recorded in the samples of Miryalaguda district and minimum seed moisture content (9.39%) in samples of Warangal district. The maximum insect infestation 5.73% was recorded in samples of district Rangareddy and the minimum (0.23%) sample were infested in Mahaboobnagar district. The maximum germination (95%) was noticed in seed sample of Nizamabad district and the minimum (79.57%) in samples of Warangal district. However, the maximum 1745 and minimum 1400 seed vigour index were observed in Nizamabad and Mahaboobnagar districts, respectively. The overall average performance of seed samples collected different villages of seven districts of Telangana were seed moisture content (10.88%) seed damaged (2.16 %), seed germination (90.43%) and Seed Vigour Index (1539).
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81938
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effects of Colored Polymer Light and Feed Forms on the Performance of
Broiler Chickens in the Humid Tropical Climate
Authors: M. Adegbenro, A. O. Jongbo, R. O. Akinfenwa, O. A. Adeyeye, A. N. Fajemisin
Pages: 127 - 140
Abstract: Aims: The colours of the polymer used during brooding could impair the vision of the chicks. For chicks reared in the dark environment, they have limited access to daylight and find it difficult to gain access to feed and water. Therefore, for better understanding of the effect of the polymer colours on broiler production in the humid tropical climate, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of coloured polymer light filter and feed forms on performance of broiler chickens. Methodology: A total of two hundred and forty (240) chicks were allocated in 2 × 4 factorial arrangements with two feed forms (mash and pellet). The chicks were reared under four (4) different coloured polymer light filter, namely; white (T1), blue (T2), black (T3), and green (T4) and an incandescent bulb (100 Watts) each. Results: The results showed that the birds reared under the white polymer light filter had the highest weight gain (1565.28 g), while the least weight gain (1469.72 g) was observed in birds reared under black polymer light filter. For rectal temperature of the birds, it was discovered that broiler chicken reared under white polymer light filter had the highest rectal temperature (39.63°C), while the least rectal temperature of 39.33°C was observed in the chicken reared under black polymer light filter. The highest environmental temperature (34.03°C) was observed in birds reared under black polymer light filter, while the least environmental temperature (30.03°C) was observed in birds reared under white polymer light filter. The results further showed that birds fed with pelletized feed form had the highest weight gain than the birds fed with mashed feed form. Conclusions: From the findings of this study, it is certain that polymer light filter and feed forms are important factors that could influence birds’ performance.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81939
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Annual Mean Temperature and Rain Precipitation in North America Using NHPP
to Detect Climate Changes
Authors: Jorge Alberto Achcar, Eliane R. Rodrigues, Ricardo Puziol de Oliveira, Emerson Barili
Pages: 141 - 161
Abstract: In this study, non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) are assumed to analyze annual average temperatures and rain precipitations, considering climate data for some regions of North America reported for a long period. A power law process (PLP) is assumed for the intensity function (derivative of the mean value function) or rate \(\lambda\) (t), t \(\ge\) 0 of the NHPP which the Poisson events occur considering data (accumulated number of years in a given time interval [0,t) where the climate measure is above a threshould given by the overal average in the assumed period) in presence or not of a change-point. The parameters of the assumed model are estimated under a Bayesian approach and using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods. Alternatively to the use of a PLP process, we also assume a polynomial parametrical form for the mean value function of the NHPP process where a simple Bayesian inference approach is proposed to get better fit for the intensity and mean value functions of the NHPP process. From the fitted models it was possible to to detect the years where climate changes occurred.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81940
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Phosphorus and Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Rice
(Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: M. G. Thrupthi, Victor Debbarma, Darla Harika
Pages: 162 - 169
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) to determine the “Influence of Phosphorus and Micronutrients on growth and yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatments which include of three levels three Phosphorus viz @ 50,60 and 70 kg/ha. and three levels of micronutrients viz. Zinc @ 10kg/ha, Iron @ 15kg/ha and Boron @ 4 kg/ha.The results showed that treatment 7 [Phoshorus (70 kg/ha)+ Zinc(10 kg/ha)] recorded significantly higher plant height, number of of tillers/hill, plant dry weight (g), number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81941
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Status of Sacred Groves in India: A Review
Authors: Kannan C. S. Warrier, Rekha R. Warrier, V. Thangavel
Pages: 170 - 181
Abstract: Areas covering native plant and tree species protected on behalf of religious grounds are known as sacred groves. Apart from India, sacred groves occur in various countries including America, Australia, Africa, Asia and Europe. They are not merely patches of forests but are islands in desolated landscapes. Many valuable medicinal plants and wild relatives of cultivated species are residing in sacred groves which have got tremendous roles to play in species or tree improvement programmes. Ancient sacred groves should be treated as possessing “Incomparable Values” according to the National Environment Policy of India. This paper reviewed extensively, analyzed and presented the current status on these invaluable resource pockets in India.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81942
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Creation of Geospatial Database and Estimation of Irrigation Water
Requirement of a Canal Command in Gayathri Irrigation Project, Kerala
Authors: Priya G. Nair, Asha Joseph
Pages: 182 - 196
Abstract: The water requirement of crops in the canal command of distributaries of Gayathri Irrigation Project in Palakkad district, Kerala was estimated using GIS and CROPWAT 8 model. The geospatial data base for canal network, land use, soil and climate were prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. This data base was used as input to CROPWAT model to estimate irrigation water requirement of different distributaries of the canal command. The gross irrigation requirement was estimated for the historical climate data (2004-2018) as well as the predicted climate data for the years 2026 and 2031. The net irrigation water requirement of different crops in the distributary command was found to vary spatially depending on soil, crop and climate. The net irrigation water requirement of paddy (mundakan) in distributaries located at head to tail reaches varied from 1004.5 to 1573.6 mm. The high value of net irrigation requirement in tail reach was due to the influence of soil series with high infiltration rate compared to head reach soil. The net irrigation requirement also varied for the same crop in same soil series in different distributaries depending upon the climatic conditions. The net irrigation water requirement of paddy (mundakan) in distributaries located at head to middle reaches for the same soil series varied from 1056.5 to 1004.5 mm due to the influence of variations in rainfall. The gross estimated irrigation water requirement showed that distributaries at the middle and tail reaches required more water than the distributaries at the head end. The maximum gross irrigation water requirement of 25369.7 m3/ha was observed for Peringhotukavu distributary in tail reach and lowest of 4390.9 m3/ha for Parakkalchalla distributary in head reach. The estimation of irrigation requirement for projected climate data also showed the same trend as that of historical data.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81943
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Comparative Response Studies on Organic Amendments and Leguminous
Intercropping on Maize (Zea mays L.) Agronomic Traits and Photosynthetic
Activity
Authors: Bexell George, R. Isaac Manuel, Sugitha Thankappan, R. Susan Poonguzhali
Pages: 197 - 205
Abstract: The present study aimed to optimize a suitable nutrient management practice with the co-application of organic amendments and leguminous intercropping for sustainable maize production. The experiment was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022-’23 in randomized block design following ten treatments. Maize (hybrid COH (M) 6) seeds were sown in rows at a spacing of 60ⅹ25 cm following the treatments: T1 - Absolute control, T2 – Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) alone, T3 - RDF + Poultry Manure (4t ha-1), T4 - RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1), T5 - RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T6 - RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T7 - 75 % RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T8 - 75% RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T9 - 50% RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T10 - 50% RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping. Observations for plant height, dry matter production (DMP), and Relative Chlorophyll Content (RCC) were recorded at different phenological stages on 30, 45, and 60 DAS. The results showed that the treatment T5 amended with poultry manure recorded the highest growth attributes and yield during the two consecutive seasons, followed by T6, T7, and T8, whereas the lowest was in T1. While comparing growth and yield attributes in in the second season (Rabi 2022-’23), the treatments T7 and T8 with 75 % RDF + FYM/poultry manure remarked substantial yield increase. The results suggest that co-application of organic manures like poultry manure or FYM with reduced dosages of mineral fertilizer, could be recommended as an optimal nutrient management strategy for sustainable maize production.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81944
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Organic Manures on Growth and Yield of Rice Varieties (Oryza
sativa L.) and Yield Validation using SPSS Model
Authors: Gandla Suresh Kumar, Biswarup Mehera , Prateek Kumar
Pages: 206 - 213
Abstract: The experiment was conducted during the Kharif season 2022, at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.) to find out the “Effect of Organic manures on growth and yield of Rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) and yield validation using SPSS model”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments which include 3 varieties NDR-359, BPT-5204 and MTU-7029 and 3 organic manures Poultry manure 5(t/ha), Vermicompost 10(t/ha) and Poultry manure 2.5(t/ha) + Vermicompost 5(t/ha). Whose effect is observed in Rice varieties. The result showed that the treatment with the application of MTU-7029 + Poultry manure 2.5(t/ha) and Vermicompost 5(t/ha) at 100 DAT was recorded higher in number of tillers per hill (13.1/hill), and also recorded significant and higher number of effective tillers per hill (11.33/hill), number of grains per panicle (112.33), test weight (22.20 g), grain yield (5.21 t/ha) and straw yield (6.49 t/ha), Harvest index (44.45 %). Higher gross return (1,50,920.91 INR/ha), net return (1,00,770.91 INR/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.01) was recorded in the application of (MTU-7029 + Poultry manure 2.5 t/ha + Vermicompost 5 t/ha) as compared to other treatments. Treatment 9 has shown 44.68 % increase over predicted yield whereas there was 26.58 % increase in treatment 8 over predicted yield through SPSS model.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81945
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Aeroponics: A Polytropic Research Tool in the New Era of Agriculture
Authors: Karthik Chittibomma , Nand Kishor Yadav , Merugu Ganesh Reddy
Pages: 214 - 218
Abstract: Aeroponics is a technique of cultivating or culturing plants in the absence of soil or a consolidated medium. It is that the plant is just grown in the moist air or mist medium to transmit the nutrients required by plants. To be honest I call is as a tool for research and commercial production activities because when we talk about practical application there will be many aspects for consideration such as orientation, site selection, skilled technicians, economic costs weather, and climate mainly the traditional farmers. All these operations cannot be handled by a small and simple farmer with ease, this is the reason for the current trend of aeroponics which is new to people and being practically utilized only for research, aesthetics, and for commercial purposes. Aeroponics need special structures which can maintain a controlled environment for the fulfillment of all the basic and required conditions by the plants being studied or grown inside. It requires proper equipment like aeroponic growth chambers, phytosanitary conditions, cooling mechanization, etc. aeroponics has many uses as they can be grown in less space, are useful for seed production, and used in parks and restaurants for ambiance, can grow crops extraterrestrial, pollution free but can’t be termed as organic as it is grown without the soil but yes, we can say it organically as there is no use of chemical fertilizer or pesticide n herbicides. There is a big debate going on this outside but this is just what my perspective is. Further development should come up for the sustainability of aeroponics as a medium for agricultural practice.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81946
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Application Methodology and Physiological Insights of Melatonin Hormone
for Water Stress Alleviation in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: M. Alagupalamuthirsolai, Renuka Suresh , C. K. Thankamani , V. Srinivasan, R. Sivaranjani, K. S. Krishnamurthy , C. Sarathambal , R. Gobu , Honnappa Asangi , H. J. Akshitha , Mohammad Faisal Peeran , Balaji Rajkumar
Pages: 219 - 228
Abstract: Black pepper is highly sensitive to water deficit stress especially during summer, resulting in significant losses in yield; therefore, strategies aimed at enhancing water stress tolerance are essential. Melatonin improves stress tolerance in plants; however, its method of application and optimum concentration in black pepper under water deficit stress remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two pot culture experiment during March and April, 2022 (var. Panniyur-1) to investigate the effects of foliar-sprayed and root-irrigated melatonin (50, 100 and 150 µM L-1) on the recovery per cent and physiological mechanism under water stress. The treatment details were, WW - Well-watered; WS - Water stressed; FM50 - Waterstress+50µM Melatonin (Foliar spray); FRM50 - Water stress + 50µM Melatonin (Foliar spray + Soil drenching @ 50ml/plant); FM100 - Water stress + 100µM Melatonin (Foliar spray); FRM100 - Water stress + 100µM Melatonin (Foliar spray + Soil drenching @ 50ml/plant); FM150 - Water stress + 150µM Melatonin (Foliar spray); FRM150 - Water stress + 150µM Melatonin (Foliar spray + Soil drenching @ 50ml/plant). The melatonin-induced enhanced stress tolerance could be attributed to improved recovery %, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), and ultimately significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of water stress on leaves. After rehydration, melatonin-treated plants recovered more quickly than untreated plants. In addition, melatonin counteracted the water stress induced accumulation in proline content. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that melatonin at 100 µM L-1 (Foliar spray and root irrigation) significantly alleviated the adverse effects of water deficit stress compared untreated plants. In addition, application of exogenous melatonin combined with root and foliar application is superior than foliar spraying alone.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81947
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessment of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties under Various
Sowing Windows for Crop Growth, Development and Yield in Western
Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao , Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar, Misal Suraj Satish , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Sthool Vijay Atmaram
Pages: 229 - 241
Abstract: The present experiment was carried out at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri for assessment of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties for crop growth, development and yields under various sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone during the Kharif season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25th MW, S2: 26th MW, S3: 27th MW and S4: 28th MW as sub plot treatments. From the result of the study, all the growth attributes were increased with the advancement in age of the groundnut crop. Plant height 35.27 and 33.34 cm, total number branches 11.34 and 10.55, total dry matter accumulation plant-1 34.36 and 32.11 g during both the years of experiment, which were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Among all the sowing windows 26th MW (S2) recorded the highest growth attributes viz., plant height (33.67 and 31.94 cm), total number of branches plant-1 (11.34 and 10.58 g) and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 (34.75 and 32.78 g) during both year of experiment. 26th MW sowing window was at par with the 27th MW sowing window with all growth attributes. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in variety in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Pod yield (27.25 and 28.84 q ha-1) and haulm yield (40.60 and 37.61 q ha-1) was higher in 26th MW sowing window, which were at par with 27th MW sowing window during both the year.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81948
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Impact on Yield Attributes and Yields of Groundnut Varieties under
Different Sowing Windows in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao, Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar , Misal Suraj Satish , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Sthool Vijay Atmaram
Pages: 242 - 251
Abstract: Present experiment was undertaken to study the “Impact of yield attributes and yields of groundnut varieties under different sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone” at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training (CAFT) in Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25rd MW (18th to 24th June), S2: 26th MW (25th June to 01st July), S3: 27th MW (2nd to 8th July) and S4: 28th MW (09th to 15th July) as sub plot treatments. The number of pods plant-1, weight of pods plant-1, 100 kernel weight (g), shelling (%) and yields as influenced by the different treatments were recorded at harvest. Yield contributing characters viz., number of pods-1 (45.25 and 43.29) and weight of pods-1 (12.99 and 13.82) were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas shelling percentage (75.12 and 76.60) were found significantly higher in variety TAG-24 followed by JL-501, JL-776 and RHRG-6083. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Amongst all the groundnut varieties, JL-776 (Phule Bharati) is significantly superior under extended sowing windows followed by varieties RHRG-6083, TAG-24 and JL-501. Sowing during 26th MW was observed to be most suitable and optimum for groundnut considering the growth and yield attributes. This sowing window was at par with 27th MW sowing window.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81949
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Variation of Floristic Diversity along Altitudinal Gradient in Pir Panjal
Forests of North Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Saima Farooq , P. A. Sofi , Nazir A. Pala, Sajad Abdullah Saraf, S. A. Gangoo , Amerjeet Singh , T. H. Masoodi , Bhagyashree Dhekale
Pages: 252 - 264
Abstract: The present study is an attempt to make a floristic inventory in Raithan Range of Pir Panjal Forest Division of, Jammu and Kashmir India. For this purpose, a preliminary study was carried with the aim to know the diversity of flora at different altitudes ranging from 1800-2800m amsl. For study purpose the area was divided into 3 different altitudes viz - 1800m, 2300m and 2800m amsl. The reported results revealed that, a total of 136 species from 58 different families and 113 genera were recorded. Out of 136 species there are 29 tree species (belonging to 16 families), 9 shrub species (6 families), 92 herb species (33 families), 4 climber species (4 families) and 2 fern species (belonging to 2 different families). The Asteraceae and Rosaceae family were dominant in the research area, according to the data. Among different sites in the study area, site 1 (altitudinal range of 1800-2300m) showed maximum diversity of flora represented by 85 species, followed by site 2 (2300-2800m) represented by 71 species and least at site 3 (> 2800m) represented by 49 species. The study is a preliminary one and can be used for management of the species having less population for conservation and sustainable utilization.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81950
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Thermal Indices Requirement of Kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Varieties under Different Sowing Window in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao , Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar, Misal Suraj Satish , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Sthool Vijay Atmaram
Pages: 265 - 277
Abstract: An agro-meteorological investigation was undertaken during the kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at the Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25rd MW (18th to 24th June), S2: 26th MW (25th June to 01st July), S3: 27th MW (2nd to 8th July) and S4: 28th MW (09th to 15th July). Results showed that the higher GDD was observed in 26th MW sowing window with variety JL-776 (1826 and 1723) and RHRG-6083 (1763 and 1690) followed by variety JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas, higher heat use efficiency (0.088 and 0.100 g/GDD) at peg formation to rapid kernel growth stage was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) with variety JL-776 (V2) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. The highest HTU was observed in 26th MW sowing window in variety JL-776 (8254 and 6924) and RHRG-6083 (8171 and 7074) followed by variety JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas, higher heliothermal use efficiency (0.0200 and 0.0309 g/HTU) at peg formation to rapid kernel growth stage was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) in variety JL-776 (V2) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Higher PTU (4818.42 and 4890.75) was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) in variety JL-776 (V2) this was followed by var. RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24 whereas, higher photothermal use efficiency (0.0284 and 0.293 g/PTU) at physiological maturity was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) with variety JL-776 (V2) followed by variety RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24 during 2017 and 2018, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81951
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Review on Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases by Agronomic Practices towards
Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Okram Ricky Devi , Bibek Laishram, Shobhana Singh , Akash Paul , Hridesh Harsha Sarma , Sarat Sekhar Bora , Sorokhaibam Bijayalakshmi Devi
Pages: 278 - 287
Abstract: Agriculture is one among the sources of greenhouse gas emission in the World. Agriculture, being a prominent source of economic sectors in developing countries its impact on environmental climate changes both directly and indirectly through emission of greenhouse gases. To achieve reduced GHGs emissions in agriculture sector, there is a need to adopt climate smart activities and improved food and nutritional security to ensure a climate-smart sustainable agriculture. This short article explores the key ways to mitigate green house gases emissions in agriculture and critically highlights the potential for bacterial nitrogen fixation in soybean which is a recent approach. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation shows a great potential for GHGs mitigation while supporting the agriculture simultaneously. Other agronomic practices include tillage, residue management, rice field management, climate smart agriculture, organic farming and bio energy etc. This will help the farmers and other stakeholders to bring an environmentally friendly agriculture towards more ecological farming approach for future sustainability.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81952
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of Low Impact Development Practices against
Climate Induced Extreme Floods
Authors: Amrit Babu Ghimire, Mandip Banjara , Amrit Bhusal , Ajay Kalra
Pages: 288 - 303
Abstract: Short but extreme flooding events have been frequent and severe globally due to climate change and urbanization in recent years. Similarly, researchers, scientists, and water managers are suggesting the application of sustainable flood management strategies such as Low Impact Development (LID) to mitigate the impacts of such extreme flooding events. However, most of these strategies have primarily been evaluated using historical precipitation events, which may not accurately represent the impact of climate-induced flooding events, which are projected to become more extreme. In this context, this study assesses the effectiveness of LIDs in combating climate change-induced flooding events. The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) climate model was applied in this study to quantify the magnitude of future projected storm depths, which are expected to increase due to climate change. Similarly, Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) was used to develop a rainfall-runoff simulation model and to assess the effectiveness of three LID techniques (Permeable Pavement, Green Roof, and Bio-Retention Cell) in reducing surface runoff under various climate scenarios. The results revealed that under the climate change scenarios the future projected design depths are expected to increase by up to 104%. Similarly, peak discharge, and total flooding volume were found to increase by 37.72% and 88.73%, respectively under the most extreme climate change scenario. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that applying LID strategies decreases peak discharge, offering a viable solution to tackle flooding events induced by climate change. The results illustrated the performance of permeable pavement was superior in reducing the peak discharge by up to 28.57%. Similarly, applying green roofs and bioretention cells reduced the peak discharge by up to 19.93% and 14.25%, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81953
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Development and Performance Evaluation of Maize Stalk Harvester
Authors: Kamendra, Divakar Chaudhary , Sushil Sharma , Sukhbir Singh
Pages: 304 - 311
Abstract: A power operated maize stalk harvester was designed and developed in the Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan during 2018-19. The objective of this study is to optimize the operational parameters of the maize stalk harvesting by using the RSM techniques. The effects of independent parameters i.e., blade speed (2000, 4000 and 6000 rpm) and stalk moisture content (38, 42 and 46%) on cutting efficiency (%) and fuel consumption (l/h) were studied. To correlate the independent parameters with the dependent parameters, the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) method with a quadratic model was used. The findings indicated that the variations in blade speed and stalk moisture content affected the cutting efficiency (%) and fuel consumption (l/h). To assess the statistical significance of the model, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, which showed good agreement between the experimental data and data predicted by the model. The blade speed of 4000 rpm and stalk moisture content of 46.0% was found to be the optimum for power operated maize stalk harvester with the 96.52% cutting efficiency and 0.72 l/h fuel consumption.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81954
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Biofertilizers and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Vishal, Rajesh Singh
Pages: 312 - 317
Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Influence of Biofertilizers and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)" was conducted during Rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The study included biofertilizers and three levels of Nitrogen (60, 80 and 100 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.0), EC (0.56 dS/m), Organic Carbon (0.62%), Available N (225 kg/ha), Available P (38.2 kg/ha), and Available K (240.7 kg/ha). Application of Azotobacter + Azospirillum and N 100 kg/ha produces higher plant height (95.10 cm), maximum number of tillers/running row meter (72.00) and higher dry weight (25.53g), maximum number of effective tillers/m2 (201.33), maximum number of grains/spike (51.20), higher grain yield (4.34 t/ha), straw yield (5.34 t/ha).
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81955
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Review of Soil Preparation for Agriculture
Authors: R. V. Chauhan, N. B. Paramar , G. D. Gohil
Pages: 318 - 323
Abstract: The soil preparation is a plan according to which crops are grown on individual field preparations of a farm during a given period of time with object of obtaining minimizes cost of preparation and higher from each crop without imparting the soil fertility. A soil preparation which can utilize input and other technology available on cultivator, ploughing, levelling etc. should be adopted by the farmer. Thus, soil levelling, land scraping and banding are related to the most profitable use of resources, land, labour, capital and management by the intervention of Artificial Intelligence. In this review article, here trying to cover all challenges faced by farmers by using conventional practices of farming and how Artificial Intelligence is playing a revolutionary role in agriculture by replacing conventional practices of land preparations.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81956
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Remote Sensing as a Management and Monitoring Tool for Agriculture:
Potential Applications
Authors: Atufa Ashraf, Latief Ahmad , Khalid Ferooz , Shazia Ramzan, Ifra Ashraf , Junaid N. Khan , Efath Shehnaz, Mifta Ul-Shafiq, Sabia Akhter , Ambreen Nabi , Rehana Rasool , Shaista Nazir
Pages: 324 - 343
Abstract: Remote sensing technology has revolutionized agriculture management and monitoring by providing valuable information on crop health, soil conditions, weather patterns, and overall land management. The reflectance data are progressively being exploited in agriculture with the momenta gained in ground-based, airborne, and satellite remote sensing. The agriculture systems when managed conventionally don’t facilitate the proper utilization of resources and productivity potential of the soil. However, taking the aid of remote sensing techniques helps in boosting the productivity potential of the soil and optimizing the inputs. This paper aims to review the potential applications of remote sensing in agriculture and its role in improving productivity, resource efficiency, and sustainability. The paper discusses various remote sensing techniques, including satellite imagery, aerial photography, and sensor-based data collection, and their integration with advanced data analysis methods. The applications explored include biomass estimation, yield estimation, global food demand, salinity stress detection, drought monitoring, soil moisture content assessment, and change detection. The paper highlights the benefits and challenges associated with each application and provides insights into future research directions and technology advancements in the field of remote sensing for agriculture.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81957
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Organic Manures and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Economics of
Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
Authors: Buriga Teja Swaroop , Victor Debbarma
Pages: 344 - 351
Abstract: The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022-23 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.62%), available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The treatments consist of organic manures (FYM 10t/ha, Goat manure 1.6t/ha, Poultry manure 1.6t/ha) and foliar spray of zinc (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) at 30, 45 Days after sowing. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. Significant and higher plant height (92.69 cm), maximum number of tillers/ hill (8.40), higher plant dry weight (15.93 g), higher panicle length (15.36 cm), number of grains/ panicle (1262.33), grain yield (2.76 t/ha), straw yield (4.65 t/ha), maximum gross return (INR 78300.00), net return (INR 52670.40) and B:C ratio (2.05) were recorded in treatment 9 with the application of Poultry Manure1.6t/ha along with 0.6% Zinc.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81958
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessment of Physical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Coastal
Areas, Ganjam District of Odisha, India
Authors: Sumanjeet Panigrahi , Narendra Swaroop, Arun Alfred David, Tarence Thomas , Satya Ranjan Mohanta
Pages: 352 - 358
Abstract: An investigation was conducted to analyse the physical properties of soils of different blocks of coastal areas of Ganjam district of Odisha. For this purpose, the soil samples were collected at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, from nine different villages of three different blocks of coastal areas, a total of 27 samples collected and analysed for their physical parameter by using standard Laboratory Technique. The result showed that the Soil Texture of Chatrapur, Rangeilunda, and Chikiti block varied from Sandy loam to Sandy clay loam. The Bulk Density reported 1.31-1.36 Mg m-3, Particle Density reported 2.41 to 2.59 Mg m-3, Specific gravity varied from 2.61 to 2.69, Percent of Pore Space varied 44.56 to 48.13 Percent, Water Retaining Capacity ranged 42.98 to 45.92 Percent. Results suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as crop rotation and conservation tillage, which will contribute to maintain the soil physical characteristics to ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of the soil.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81960
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Yield and Economics of Onion as Influenced by Pre and Post Emergence
Herbicdes
Authors: M. Venkateswara Reddy, K. Umajyothi, P. Syam Sundar Reddy, K. Sasikala
Pages: 359 - 364
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa L.) weed interference lowers bulb yield and financial return for onion growers who pay for labour. During the Rabi seasons of 2011–12 and 2012–13, a field experiment was worked out at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Venkataramanagudem, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari District, A.P to examine the effects of pre and post emergence herbicides on the economics of onion cv.N–53. Ten pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments (Pendimethalin, Oxyflourfen, Imazethapyr, and Quizalofopethyle) and their combinations, reproduced in a random block design, made up the experiment. Significantly, T9 (weed free-hand weeding at 30, 60, and 90 DAT) outperformed the other treatments in terms of gross and net returns, which was followed by T8 (Oxyfluorfen 0.125 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofopethyl @ 75g a.i per hectareas POE) and T6 (Pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 a.iper hectare). When compared to T6 (Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.iper hectare as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE), T8 (Oxyfluorfen @ 0.125 kg a.iper hectareas PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE) had a considerably greater B:C ratio. Hand weeding made farming more expensive. This suggested that chemical weed treatment was used to obtain the most profit per acre.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81961
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Vermicompost and Neem Cake with Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth
and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Var. S2-981
Authors: Sourav Suman , Arun Alfred David , Tarence Thomas, Neha Toppo
Pages: 365 - 369
Abstract: Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of chemical fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. Research was conducted by using effective management application of vermicompost and neem cake with inorganic fertilizer with objective to enhance the growth and yield of maize crop. It has been concluded from the trial that the different level of vermicompost and neem cake with inorganic fertilizers in the experiment gave the highest value. Effective results were obtained with T9 treatment with combination vermicompost 10 t ha-1, neem cake 500 kg ha-1 with recommended dose of fertilizer NPK 120: 60: 40 kg hhah ha-1. This treatment result shown best plant height with the most leaves, largest stem diameter, longest cob length, heaviest 1000 seed weight, and highest grain yield in compared with the control treatment T1 had the lowest results in all categories. T9 was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of maize therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of Maize.
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81962
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Studies on the Effect of Different Packaging and Coating Treatment on
Shelf Life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Kali Charan, Saket Mishra , Shashi Kant Ekka , Sunil Manikpuri
Pages: 370 - 383
Abstract: During the academic years, 2023-2024, a study was carried out at the Post Harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, NAI, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with 9 treatments and three replications of different materials such as Honey, Paraffin wax, LDPE Polythene Wrap and KMnO4. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of different coating materials on its physical, quality & organoleptic attributes on its shelf-life. According to the results of the current study, Treatment T8 [KMnO4 (0.1%) + LDPE Polythene Wrap] had the best effects on physical attributes like [0.45 (3 days), 1.25 (6 days), 8.86 (9 days) and 12.12 (12 days)] % physiological weight loss %, [6.45 (3 days), 4.98 (6 days), 3.39 (9 days) and 2.41 (12 days)] kg/cm2 fruit firmness with peel, [5.84 (3 days), 3.8 (6 days), 2.73 (9 days) and 1.5 (12 days)] kg/cm2 fruit firmness without peel, [0.00 (3 days), 0.00 (6 days), 4.94 (9 days) and 23.46 (12 days)] % spoilage and 12.1 days shelf life. It also had significant effects on quality attributes like [7.45 (3 days), 9.12 (6 days), 11.15 (9 days) and 12 (12 days)] ºBrix TSS, [2.25 (3 days), 3.12 (6 days), 4.44 (9 days) and 5.34 (12 days)] pH, [4.46 (3 days), 3.56 (6 days), 2.27 (9 days) and 1.17 (12 days)] % acidity, [4.35 (3 days), 5.85 (6 days), 7.45 (9 days) and 8.27 (12 days)] % Reducing Sugar %, [0.50 (3 days), 1.22 (6 days), 2.12 (9 days) and 2.45 (12 days)] % non-Reducing Sugar %, [4.88 (3 days), 7.13 (6 days), 9.68 (9 days) and 10.85 (12 days)] % Total Sugar %, [34.26 (3 days), 48.12 (6 days), 58.22 (9 days) and 67.41 (12 days)] mg/100g ascorbic acid. Organoleptic attributes like [8.63 (3 days), 9.00 (6 days), 8.66 (9 days) and 7.29 (12 days)] colour and appearance, [9.00 (3 days), 8.85 (6 days), 8.00 (9 days) and 7.25 (12 days)] taste and flavour, [9.00 (3 days), 8.70 (6 days), 8.16 (9 days) and 7.75 (12 days)] aroma and [9.00 (3 days), 9.00 (6 days), 8.67 (9 days) and 7.57 (12 days)] texture were also found best under Treatment T8 [KMnO4 (0.1%) + LDPE Polythene Wrap].
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81963
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of CWSI-Based Irrigation Scheduling on Agronomic Traits (Zea
mays L.) and Sustainable Water Use in Maize
Authors: Alex Immanual Jeyasingh R., Silambarasan Murugan, M. Suguna Devakumari , R. Isaac Manuel
Pages: 384 - 390
Abstract: This study aimed to optimize irrigation scheduling for maize (Zea mays L.) using the crop water stress index (CWSI) to improve water use efficiency and yield. The study was conducted in the South farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022. A randomized block design was used with seven treatments, including a control T1 no irrigation). Irrigation at all critical stages (T2) and other five irrigation treatments (T3 to T7) based on different CWSI values ranging from 0.2 to 1.0. Infrared thermometry was used to measure canopy temperatures for estimating the CWSI. The results showed that irrigation at 0.2 CWSI (T3) had a significant positive effect on kernel and stover yield when compared with all the other treatments during both the seasons, with the highest kernel yield of 7138.83 Kg ha-1 and 8014.8 Kg ha-1, stover yield of 11134 Kg ha-1 and 12765 Kg ha-1, respectively and lowest kernel yield of 2267 Kg ha-1 and 2325 Kg ha-1, stover yield of 8156 Kg ha-1 and 6491 Kg ha-1, respectively. The other treatments had intermediate values and did not show any consistent pattern. Irrigation at 0.2 CWSI resulted in the highest water use efficiency (WUE) of 14.7 Kg ha-cm-1 and 17.6 Kg ha-cm-1, and irrigation usage of 31.73% and 22.26% during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022, respectively and the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) of 7.72 Kg ha-cm-1 and 17.6 Kg ha-cm-1 was found in T7 during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022, respectively. The results suggest that irrigation at 0.2 CWSI could be a promising option for achieving higher kernel and stover yields with minimal water use and maximum WUE and IUE.
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81964
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Bio-fertilizer and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Kabuli
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. var. kabulium)
Authors: Teresha Akancha Minz , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu
Pages: 391 - 395
Abstract: At the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, a field experiment was undertaken during the Rabi season 2022. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam, with a pH of 7.1, low organic carbon (0.28 percent), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha), and available K (213.7 kg/ha). Rhizobium sp (20g/kg seed), PSB (20g/kg seed), and Rhizobium sp + PSB (10g/kg seed + 10g/kg seed) were used as bio-fertilizers, and phosphorus (50 kg P2O5/ha, 60kg P2O5/ha, 70 kg P2O5/ha) were used as fertilizers in 3 levels. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and was repeated three times. The treatment of Rhizobium sp + PSB (10 g/kg seed + 10 g/kg seed) + Phosphorus (70 kg/ha) resulted in the highest plant height (57.67cm) (Treatment-10) recorded in the study. Number of nodules per plant (47.80), plant dry weight (10.32 g/plant), number of pods per plant (30.17), number of seeds per pod (1.65), seed yield (2975.44 kg/ha) and in treatment-8 [Rhizobium sp. + PSB + Phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] stover yield (4080.63 kg/ha) was recoded maximum, were all determined to be significant. The treatment (T10) with the application of Rhizobium sp + PSB (10g/kg seed + 10g/kg seed) + Phosphorus (70 kg/ha) produced the highest gross returns (157698.10 INR/ha), net returns (118348.64 INR/ha), and B:C ratio (3.01).
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81965
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Monitoring of Melon Fruit Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett Population
using Para-pheromone Traps in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Somashekhar Gaddanakeri , Krishna Rolania , D. S. Duhan
Pages: 396 - 404
Abstract: Investigations were carried out on monitoring of melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) using para-pheromone traps during Kharif, 2018-19 at CCS HAU, Hisar. The incidence of Z. cucurbitae started gradually and increased from 31st to 42nd Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) corresponding to the 1st week of September to 3rd week of October. Higher number of fruit flies (on average 9.5 to 40.5 flies/trap) were recorded in the month of September to first fortnight of October with a peak of 40.5 flies/trap during 37th SMW. Correlation analysis with various weather parameters indicated that maximum temperature (r = 0.611*), morning relative humidity (0.590*) and rainfall (0.747**) had significant positive correlation with trap catch population of melon fruit fly. The present findings also revealed that the influence of all-weather parameters was high and significant on trap catches population of the adult male melon fruit fly (R2=0.76).
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81966
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Consequences of Mulch Practice on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Different
Varieties of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis)
Authors: Shruti Mallikarjun Kolur , Satish S. Patil , S. M. Mantur
Pages: 405 - 411
Abstract: The investigation entitled with ‘Consequences of mulch practice on growth, flowering and yield of different varieties of China aster (Callistephus chinensis)’ were carried out at floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dharwad, Karnataka during the year 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of 20 treatment combinations. Ten china aster varieties, Namdhari Pink (V1), Namdhari White (V2), Arka Kamini (V3), Arka Poornima (V4), Arka Shashank (V5), Phule Ganesh pink (V6), Phule Ganesh Puple (V7), AAC-1(V8), Miraj Local (V9) and Pink Cushion (V10) were planted under black plastic mulch (M2) and without mulch condition (M1). The variety Phule Ganseh Purple under mulched condition (V6M2) registered maximum plant height of 54.03 cm, plant spread of 38.53 cm and number of primary braches 25.46. However, minimum number of days 34.58 and 48.63 days, were recorded in treatment V5M2 (Arka Shashank under mulched condition) for days taken for flower bud initiation, 50 per cent flowering respectively, compared to other treatment combinations. The treatment V8M2 (AAC-1 under mulched condition) was observed with maximum flowering duration (34.26 days). Phule Ganseh Purple under mulch condition (V7M2) and Phule Ganseh Pink under mulch condition (V7M2) recorded maximum flower diameter of 7.47 cm and flower stalk length of 42.77 cm respectively. V7M2 treatment combination recorded highest flower yield (158.76 g) as compared to remaining treatment combinations. The overall experiment resulted that Phule Ganseh Series under black plastic mulch found superior under northern transitional zone of Karnataka.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81967
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Vegetative Propagation of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.): A Review
Authors: T. V. Ravi Teja, Suraj Varma, Vishal Johar, Vikram Singh, M. Venkateshwara Rao
Pages: 412 - 417
Abstract: Vegetative propagation is a fantastic way to improve the quality of the forest tree planting stock. It is often used in seed orchards and clone banks as a method of genotype preservation. Vegetative propagation is the greatest option when low quality seed and poor germination rates limit the availability of planting stock and quality. This review article discusses different vegetative propagation methods, including macro-propagation by cuttings, micropropagation through tissue culture, and grafting. Having insufficient knowledge and experience is the biggest obstacle to employing vegetative propagation. Therefore, an effort was made to outline several techniques together with their history and significance.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81968
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield
of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Lila Ram Chandrawanshi, Rajesh Singh
Pages: 418 - 424
Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Response of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was conducted Response of during the rabi season of 2022 in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.6), EC (0.305 d S/m), organic carbon (0.23%), available N (184.8 kg/ha), available P (16.45 kg/ha) and available K (187.64 kg/ha). Seeds are sown at a spacing of 23 cm × 5 cm to a seed rate of 100 kg/ha. Consisting of three nitrogen levels (45, 60 and 75 kg N/ha) on different Concentration of Boron viz., 1, 1.5 and 3% foliar spray. The experimental result reveals that growth parameters viz., plant height (102 cm), number of tillers/running row meter (95.66), plant dry weight (19.08 g) and Yield attributes viz., No. of effective tillers/m2 (200.33), number of grains/spike (52.60), seed yield (4.81 t/ha) and straw yield (6.48 t/ha) recorded to be significantly higher with treatment 9 (75 kg N/ha + 3% Boron).
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81969
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Green Gram Yield in
Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Mathenge Beatrice Mugure , Gathungu Geofrey Kingori , Dennis K. Muriithi
Pages: 425 - 440
Abstract: Globally, green gram is a significant legume particularly in Arid and Semiarid Lands (ASALs), as a source of food, income, and soil enhancement. Despite this importance, green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County is still too low at 560 kg/ha far below the crop’s estimated national potential of 1500 kg/ha and compares unfavorably with the global and national average of 730 kg/ha and 670 kg/ha, respectively. Green gram production is primarily rain-fed and variability in rainfall and temperature affects the ideal conditions favourable for the crop growth. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of rainfall and temperature variability, separately and jointly on green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya for the period 2002-2021. Secondary data on seasonal rainfall, temperature, and green gram yield was collected from the Meteorological Services and County Department of Agriculture. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods by use of coefficient of determination, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analysis. The study found that rainfall variability explained 30.4% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The findings of the model showed that a 1% increase in rainfall in March-April- May (MAM) season increased yield of green gram by 49.3% but no effect was observed in OND (October-November-December) season. Temperature variability explained 28.5% of the variables affecting green gram yield. Further, the model findings revealed that a 1% increase in temperature in OND season decreased yield of green gram by 48.5% and no effect was observed in MAM season. A combination of rainfall and temperature variability explained 34.2% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The model coefficients showed that a 1% increase in rainfall and temperature during the OND season increased yield of green gram by 16.2%. In addition, it was noted that a 1% rise in temperature and rainfall during MAM season reduced the output of green gram by 13.2%. The study concluded that rainfall and temperature had an effect on green gram yield and recommended that green gram farmers need to adapt to the changing climate to lessen the effects of climate change and for sustainable green gram production.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81970
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Comprehensive Review on Origin, Distribution, Micropropagation and
Agronomical Practices of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br
Authors: B. Abdulrazaq , Summer Ragosta , K. B. Vijendrakumar , Shyam Ramakrishnan
Pages: 441 - 454
Abstract: Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. is a medicinal crop that belongs to the Apocynaceae family and occurs throughout Asia, Africa, and Australia. This herb is used in several traditional medicine practices for a wide range of ailments, including in Ayurevda, for its potential to reduce blood glucose levels. It is used as a pharmacological ingredient, mainly for the presence of bioactive phytochemicals such as gurmarin, gymnemic acid, and gymnemasaponins, which have been shown to lower glucose levels. Gymnema sylvestre is also recognized as an important nutritional supplement for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, gastro- and hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, and lipid-lowering properties. The main objective of this study is to have a comprehensive review of Gymnema sylvestre on origin and distribution, germplasm availability, a package of practices and post-harvest practices to increase the area under cultivation of this herb. Despite having a well-developed package of practices, this herb is rarely cultivated and nearly 80% of the required quantities are being collected from wild sources, which will lead to extinction. This study will provide an unabridged repository of references regarding the species for its effective and safe utilization as a "potential medicinal herb" for creating awareness on the use of plant-based medicine.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81971
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Sulphur and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Toria (Brassica
campestris L.)
Authors: Bhawna Soni , Rajesh Singh
Pages: 455 - 460
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Sulphur and Spacing on growth and yield of Toria. The treatments consist of Sulphur 15, 30, 45 kg/ha and Spacing 20×15, 20×20, 25×20 cm. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction pH (7.2) with EC-0.187 (dS/m), low in organic carbon (0.72%) available N (178.48 kg/ha), available P (27.80 kg/ha) and available K (233.24 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (105.93 cm), higher plant dry weight (17.70 g), higher crop growth rate (13.8 g/m2/day), higher number of siliquae/plant (216.19), higher seeds/ siliquae (23.67), higher test weight (3.64 g), higher seed yield (1.76 kg/ha), higher stover yield (3.21 kg/ha) and higher harvest index (35.39%) were significantly influenced with application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha + Spacing 25×20 cm.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81972
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Institutional Solid Waste Management Practices: Case Study of Agriculture
University in Kashmir
Authors: Imtiyaz Jahangir Khan , Showkat Ara , F. A. Lone , Rufaida Mir , Rehana Mohi- Ud-Din , Rayees A. Wani
Pages: 461 - 470
Abstract: This study was carried on solid waste management in Sher-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir. It is noted that the advantages in managing solid waste at institutional level such as university because of its unique characteristics also influences the waste management needs and strategies. This paper outlines findings from a yearlong study through surveys, field investigations, including on-site waste measurements and questionnaire on institutional solid waste management. It was discovered that the waste's content was primarily organic in content, suggesting a strong disposing potential in terms of organic manure or biogas production through scientific digestion and composting. The study revealed that maximum contribution to organic waste in the form of food waste was from messes of the hostels (53.32 T). That can be biodegradable managed and properly disposed, hence make a significant change in the waste management system. Hostels also generate 17.77T of plastic waste annually that needs processing through scientific recycling techniques on sustainable basis. The study found that scientific segregation of trash might significantly improve solid waste management at other universities with a comparable environment.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81973
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- The Lake City of Ganvié in the Face of Environmental Development
Challenges: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Behanzin Précieux Christian, Agbandji Lucien , Hekpazo Patricia , Sainou Jadix , Hounkponou Edouard
Pages: 471 - 486
Abstract: Ganvié is a lake city in Benin, West Africa, known for its unique architecture and culture. However, the city is facing numerous environmental challenges that threaten the livelihoods and culture of its inhabitants. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of the environmental challenges facing Ganvié, their drivers, consequences, existing interventions and policies, and potential solutions. The state of the environment around the city of Ganvié is highly contaminated, due to the various pollutions caused by waste and wastewater, the decomposition of acadjas, petroleum products that spill into the lake during transportation, etc. However, the impacts of climate change, combined with increasing demographic pressure, are threatening the way of life of the inhabitants. Solving these problems will require a combination of community engagement, policy interventions and technological innovations.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81974
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Different Levels of NPK and FYM on Growth and Yield of Cluster
Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. Neelam-61
Authors: Mukesh Kumar Rolaniya , Tarence Thomas , Anurag Kumar Singh
Pages: 487 - 491
Abstract: Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of inorganic fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. A research was conducted during Zaid season 2022 on central research farm of department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, (NAI) SHUATS, Prayagraj. Field trial was designed on Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments. It may be concluded from the trial that the different level of NPK and FYM in the experiment gave the highest value. The best results were obtained with T9 treatment which included (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1). This treatment resulted in the maximum plants height with the most leaves, no. of clusters plant-1, no. of pod cluster-1, no of pod plant-1, length of pod (cm) and highest pod yield. In contrast, the control treatment (T1) had the lowest results in all categories. The available NPK and FYM with the treatment combination of T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1) was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of cluster bean. Therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of cluster bean.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81975
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Growth and Yield Response of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv.
Pusa Navbahar to Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: Virendra Kumar, Ram Bharose, Arun Alfred David , Tarence Thomas , I. Srinath Reddy
Pages: 492 - 496
Abstract: The investigation on cluster bean with application of integrated nutrient management with comprised of 12 treatments with three level of NPK, two levels of PSB and Rhizobium in factorial randomized block design. The treatment T12 has shown the significant results when applied 100% of NPK with PSB and Rhizobium among the different levels of treatment combinations. Growth parameters viz., plant height (90.96 cm), number of nodules plant-1(59.48), number of branches plant-1 (2.66) at 90 DAS (day after sowing), and yield parameters viz., number of clusters plant-1 (14.62), number of pods cluster-1 (13.39), pod length (17.42 cm),pod yield(77.29 q ha-1) has shown best in treatment T12(NPK @100% + PSB @100% + Rhizobium @100%) of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in comparison to other treatment combination.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81976
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Microbial Inoculants and Molybdenum on Yield and Economics of
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Dilip Choudhary , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu
Pages: 497 - 501
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to study the influence of microbial inoculants and molybdenum on the yield and economics of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.). The research was carried out at Crop Research Farm, SHUATS, Prayagraj, India in Rabi 2022. The study included biofertilizer and three levels of Molybdenum (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ha). The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with 10 treatments, each replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.8), Organic Carbon (0.43%), Available N (181.58 kg/ha), Available P (15.45 kg/ha), and Available K (197.64 kg/ha). The results indicated that the higher seed yield (1638.35 kg/ha), stover yield (3539.00 kg/ha), gross return (105101.20 INR/ha), net return (71599.20 INR/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.14) were observed in treatment 9, which involved the seed inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB along with the soil application of Molybdenum 1.0 kg/ha.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81977
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessment of Crop Weather Relations in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in
Western Maharashtra Plain Zone
Authors: Misal Suraj Satish , Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar , Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , R. Balasubramanian , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji
Pages: 502 - 510
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a thermo-sensitive long-day crop. Temperature is a major determinant of its growth and productivity. Late sown wheat exposes preanthesis phenological events to high temperature that influence grain development and ultimately the yield [1]. Comprehensive assessments of the influence of climate variability on crop yields at local and regional scales can be highly beneficial. With an aim to assess the weather influences on wheat at local scale this study was taken up. An experiment was conducted at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India) in a split-plot design with three replications and sixteen treatment combinations of four different varieties and four sowing windows. Four varieties used were NIAW-301 (Trymbak ), NIAW-917 (Tapovan), NIAW-1415 (Netravati) and NIAW-1994 (Phule Samadhan). Four sowings were taken up on 43rd MW (22-28 October), 45th MW (5-11November), 47th MW (19-25 November) and 49th MW (3-9 December). The grain yield of wheat was influenced significantly by wheat varieties. The grain yields were significantly higher in NIAW-1994 (51.07 and 48.52 qha-1) and significantly superior to the rest of the wheat varieties. This was followed by NIAW-917(45.72 and 43.43qha-1), NIAW-301(43.57 and 41.27 q ha-1). The variety NIAW-1415 recorded significantly lower grain yield (40.89 and 38.84 qha-1) during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Correlation analysis with weather parameters e.g. Temperature (Maximum and Minimum), Relative humidity (Morning and Evening), Rainfall and bright sunshine hours and yield showed that from tillering to 50% flowering stage, maximum temperature (-0.962*) was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield (r = -0.980**), (r =-0.950**) during 2016 and 2017, respectively in NIAW-301 (Trymbak ). The same trend was observed in the remaining varieties also. Regression equations were developed to predict the yield.
PubDate: 2023-05-29
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82000
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Comparative Effect of Bioagents and Microalgae against Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum capsici) Disease of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Potnuri Hema Prasanthi Lakshmi , S. Simon , A. A. Lal
Pages: 521 - 525
Abstract: A survey was conducted during Rabi 2020 - 2021 to know the severity of Anthracnose of chilli in fields ofeight villages in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. The disease severity ranged from 13.30 to 29.65 per cent irrespective of location surveyed. The disease severity was least in Tadikilapudi village (13.3%) and highest in kamavarapukota village (29.65%) during the month of December 2020. To manage the disease severity evaluate the efficacy of bio-agents viz.., Seed Treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichodermaviride and Microalgae.The foliar application of Neem oil is given to all the treatments. Among the Treatments disease intensity (%) was significantly decreased in treatment T6 - Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichodermaviride + microalgae (16.03%). The plant height (cm) was significantly increased in treatment T6 – Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichodermaviride + microalgae (62.2 cm) respectively, fruit length (cm) was significantly increased (15.96cm), yield was significantly increased in treatment T6 (128.33 q/ha) as compared to control T0.
PubDate: 2023-05-30
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81978
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessment of Soil Quality Index in the Southern Coastal Sandy Soils of
Kerala, India
Authors: B. M. Athulya , Gowri Priya , B. Rani , B. Aparna , M. A. Nishan
Pages: 526 - 536
Abstract: Context: The Indian state of Kerala has a long coastline of 589.50 km all along its western border, which has a great potential in biomass production. The agro-ecological unit 1 (AEU 1) in Kerala represents the southern coastal plains, with typical sandy soils. The major constraints of these coastal sandy soil with regard to agriculture are: low organic matter and clay content, as well as their poor water holding capacity, resulting in limited ability to hold nutrients. Aims: A study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and quality of the soils of coastal sandy soils in AEU 1. Methods: Fifty geo-referenced composite soil samples were taken from different locations of AEU-1 in Thiruvananthapuram district, and were characterised for physical, chemical and biological attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out for the analysed soil properties which resulted in 6 principal components (PCs) and a minimum data set (MDS) was obtained using the selected indicators i.e., texture (clay %), water holding capacity, bulk density, soil pH, organic carbon, available nutrients such as potassium, sulphur, zinc, manganese and boron. The soil indicators were changed to unit-less scores after the development of MDS, and were assigned with appropriate weights based on existing soil conditions and soil nutrient content. Key Results: Value of SQI recorted the highest in Kadakkavoor and the lowest in Anchuthengu. Further, the locations were classified into three groups namely poor, medium, and good, based on the relative soil quality index (RSQI). Less than 50% of RSQI is considered poor, from 50% to 70% is medium, while more than 70% is considered good. From the study, majority of the land area (60% of samples) in AEU 1 of Thiruvananthapuram district were observed to have a medium level of relative soil quality index.
PubDate: 2023-05-30
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81980
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Weed Management in Clusterbean under the Application of Different
Agrochemicals and Phosphorus Levels
Authors: Krishna Kanwar , S. S. Yadav
Pages: 537 - 543
Abstract: Among the Kharif legumes clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) is important crop and popularly known as “Guar” in India. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2013 at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to evaluate the weed management in clusterbean under the application of different agrochemicals and phosphorus levels. The treatments comprising 6 weed control treatments (Weedy check, one hand weeding at 20 DAS, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg/ha, imazethapyr at 100 g/ha and fenoxoprop-p-ethyl at 70 g/ha and four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) assigned to main and sub plots of spilt plot design, respectively and replicated thrice. Results showed that HW twice at 20 and 40 DAS and pre emergence application of imazethapyr at 100 g/ha resulted significant reduction in weed density and weed dry matter in comparison to most of the treatments. Results further indicated that application of 60 kg P2O5/ha in clusterbean recorded the highest density and dry weight of weeds at all the stages. Maximum weed control efficiency was recorded under two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81981
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Nitrogen and Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Economics
of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Malkarnekar Saharsh , Rajesh Singh
Pages: 544 - 552
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season, 2022 at crop research farm, Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India. The objective is to study the effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The research consists of three levels of Nitrogen (120, 140 and 160 kg/ha) and three plant growth regulators [CCC – 0.2%, Tebuconazole – 0.1% and CCC – 0.2% + Tebuconazole – 0.1%]. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The soil in experimental field was sandy loam in texture, having alkaline reaction (pH 7.7) with very low organic carbon (0.44%), available higher level N (171.48 kg/ha), P (27.0 kg/ha) and higher level of K (291.2 kg/ha). Application of Nitrogen (160 kg/ha) along with CCC (Chlormequat chloride) - 0.2% and Tebuconazole - 0.1% showed significantly higher yield attributes viz. maximum number of effective tillers/m2 (271), more spike length (15.10 cm), maximum number of grains/spike (60.05), higher test weight (39.75), and yield viz. Higher grain yield (4.66 t/ha) and Straw yield (6.98 t/ha). Economics of treatments viz. maximum Gross returns (140928.42 INR/ha), maximum Net returns (99715.52 INR/ha) and Benefit - cost ratio (2.42) was recorded in treatment - T9 [N3 -160 kg/ha + CCC (0.2%) + Tebuconazole (0.1%)].
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81982
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Contemporary Review on Geo-engineering Techniques for Mitigation of
Accelerated Rise in Global Sea Level in the Past Eight Hottest Years
Authors: Sudipta Chakraborty , A. R. Kambekar , Arnab Sarma
Pages: 553 - 561
Abstract: Because of extreme heat during the last few years, absorption of heat in ocean water is continuously on the rise and due to additional melt water from icebergs the phenomenon of sea level rise is gradually coming to an alarming level. The present scenario based on the proposed mitigation measures to restrict the rise in temperature hardly commensurate with the decisions in Paris Agreement. Currently although geo-engineering, which is a mechanism to limit extraordinary sea level rise, has attracted scientific interest as per the current state of drastic changes in climate change, standard mitigation measures may not be enough to stop sea-level rise. This paper examines the various approaches. and options under Geo-engineering and compares effectiveness of traditional and modern geo-engineering techniques vis-à-vis other conventional mitigation measures. It is opined that conservative and groundbreaking techniques can decrease the ongoing rise in sea-level, however most befitting results would be accomplished through the combination of approaches.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81983
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Seasonal Photosynthesis Variations of Dominant Tree Species Used in
Different Urban Landscapes
Authors: K. P. Abhilash , A. S. Devakumar
Pages: 562 - 571
Abstract: Photosynthesis is the only natural process that converts photon energy into chemical energy, and it is responsible for 90–95% of plant biomass accumulation and hence growth. Environmental factors such as light, temperature, and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere are major factors that influence photosynthesis, and excess of these can cause stress on plants. The photosynthetic response of tree species is found to vary to these factors. Therefore, the photosynthetic response of tree species can be a good indicator to assess these environmental factors that are changing due to urbanization and can be used to mitigate these factors as well by cultivating suitable tree species. The present study provides information on the seasonal variations in photosynthetic activity in six tree species. In the present study during the month of May (late summer to early monsoon) most of the tree species showed higher photosynthetic rates. It is also noticed that transpiration rate and water use efficiency was more in the month of May compared to other months. An increase in net photosynthesis and transpiration is observed among the tree species under high rainfall conditions 285.2 mm. It is also observed that photosynthesis decreased where the evaporative demand is very high.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81984
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- On Farm Evaluation of Urd Bean and Mung Bean for Climate Change Adoption
in Bundelkhand
Authors: Sundar Pal , Anshuman Singh , Meenakshi Arya , AkhouriNishant Bhanu , Arpit Suryavanshi , Sanjeev Kumar , Ashutosh Sharma , Bharat Lal , Anil Kumar Rai , S. K. Chaturvedi , Sati Shankar Singh
Pages: 572 - 580
Abstract: In the villages of Prathvipura, Karguwan, and PuraBadaura in the district of Jhansi, in the Bundelkhand region, the study was conducted by Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University during the Kharif of 2021.Total ten front line demonstrations were conducted on Urd bean and Mung bean in 10 hectare area by the active participation of the farmers with the objective of improved technologies of Urd bean and Mung bean production potentials. The improved technology consisted of improved varieties viz. Virat (Mung bean) and IPU 2-43 (Urd bean), balanced fertilizers (based on soil testing) application and integrated weed, diseases and insect pests management, etc. Under FLDs of Urd bean and Mung bean, the average additional yield of the crops was obtained at 25kg/ha and 165kg/ha, while the increased yield over the local check was 23.86 % and 23.10% from respective varieties. The mean extension gap, technology gap, and technology index for Urd bean crop were recorded as 25kg/ha, 870kg/ha & 87.0% where, in the case of Mung bean, it was 165kg/ha, 357.5kg/ha, and 32.5%, respectively. Average and maximum net returns of Rs. 1890 & Rs. 21910.63 and the cost-benefit ratio were recorded as 0.30 and 1.56 from FLD of Urd bean and Mung bean, respectively, followed by local checks.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81985
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum
var. cerasiforme)
Authors: G. Kavitha , Anita Kerketta , Samir E. Topno , Vijay Bahadur
Pages: 581 - 586
Abstract: A cherry tomato is a small-sized tomato variety known for its round shape and sweet flavor. Therefore, at the Department of Horticulture at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, an investigation titled "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato" was conducted during the Rabi-2022-23 season to assess the impact of plant growth regulators on the growth, quality, and yield of Pusa Cherry 1 tomatoes, as well as analyze the economic aspects of different treatments. Ten treatments were employed, including control with different concentrations of growth regulators (GA3 and Auxin) and Kinetin. The study found that using plant growth regulators had a significantly positive effect on cherry tomatoes for all traits. Among the treatments tested, T3(GA3 @ 75 ppm) showed the most favourable results in terms of plant height, number of primary branches, early flowering and maturing. T3 also demonstrated superior performance in terms of fruit weight, the maximum number of fruits per plant, and yield per plant.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81986
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Adoption of Drones in Agriculture: Social, Economic and Personal Factors
Authors: C. Bala Vivin Sundar , M. Asokhan , C. Karthikeyan
Pages: 587 - 597
Abstract: Aims: The acceptance of drone technology is gradually rising up owing to its potential being understood by businesses. It is in this aspect that an outlook on the various factors that are responsible pertaining to the drone technology in the recent times has been carried out. Study Design: Ex-post Facto. Place and Duration of Study: Dindigul, Tiruppur, Erode and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu. Methodology: Simple Random Sampling was used to select the respondents and to find out the association between the different factors, chi-square test was used. Results: There was a highly significant association between all the factors such as economic, social and personal with that of the utilization of drones in agriculture since the calculated chi–square values are more than the table values. Conclusion: The perceived factors which has been discussed in this article are a positive sign and can be used as an eye-opener to develop more farmer-friendly drones at a reasonable cost for owning them by the farmers.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81987
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluation of Postharvest Chemical Treatment to Increase the Shelf Life of
Guava L-49 and Allahabad Safeda Fruitsunder Ambient Storage
Authors: Shalu Rani , Parminder Kaur , Vishal Johar , J. S. Karthi
Pages: 598 - 603
Abstract: Physiologically mature, uniform fruits were thoroughly washed and dipped in aqueous solution of T0 (Untreated fruits), T1 (Boric acid at 200 ppm), T2 (Boric acid at 300 ppm), T3 (NAA at 100 ppm), T4 (NAA at 200 ppm), T5 (Salicylic acid at 300ppm), T6 (Salicylic acid at 400ppm) for five minutes. Fruits were placed in plastic trays and stored at ambient storage conditions for 12 days. The readings were observed after 4rd, 8th and 12th days. Physiological weight loss of fruits decreased with storage, further fruits treated with boric acid 300ppm recorded lower Physiological weight loss as compared to other treatments. Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Sugars were increased upto 12 days of storage.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81988
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Eddy Covariance Measurements of Turbulent Heat Fluxes over a Grass-covered
Surface in a Tropical Location
Authors: Omodara E. Obisesan , Oladimeji A. Babatunde , Opeyemi R. Omokungbe , Ayodele P. Olufemi
Pages: 604 - 616
Abstract: In this study, an Eddy Covariance (EC) system was deployed to measure the turbulent heat fluxes (sensible and latent heat fluxes) at a farmland located at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The period of measurement was between 2016 and 2019. The surface of the measurement area was covered by grass (Axonopus fissifolius) and changes from leafy-green during the wet season to dry twigs during the dry season. The sensible heat flux, Hs obtained ranged between -0.8 and 181.9 Wm-2 while the latent heat flux, Hl varied between 0.9 and 218.0 Wm-2. The maximum daytime value of Hs peaked in January while the maximum daytime value of Hl peaked in October. The sensible heat flux was 59 % higher than the latent heat flux during the Harmattan months (January, February and December), while the latent heat flux was 63 % higher than the sensible heat flux during the wet months (April - November). The study concluded that 91 % of the energy available at the surface during the period of study, was used for evapotranspiration while only 9 % was used for sensible heating as shown by the distribution of the Bowen ratio.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81989
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Ammoniacal and Nitrate Nitrogen Release Pattern from Biochar and Biochar
Blended Urea Fertilizers in Sandy Soil
Authors: Kavya S. R. , Rani B. , Aparna B. , Gladis R.
Pages: 617 - 625
Abstract: Biochar, an organic product of thermal decomposition of biomass in an oxygen limited environment can be used as a nutrient carrier to delay the release of nutrients into the soil, reduce nutrient leaching, and improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of fertilizers. Nutritional enhancement of biochar through fertilizer blending could be a low cost but high efficiency solution compared to non-blended fertilizers. However, the rate of nutrient release from the blended biochar fertilizer in different soils is ambiguous. Hence a 12 month incubation study was conducted in sandy soil (ultisol) of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala to elucidate the ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen release rate and pattern from the produced paddy husk biochar, biochar and biochar bentonite (1:1) each blended with urea fertilizer in different ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2) including an absolute control. The individual effects of biochar, biochar-bentonite and urea were also studied. Paddy husk biochar was produced by the process of slow pyrolysis and biochar- blended urea fertilizers by the adsorbent process. To evaluate the influence of bentonite clay on the nutrient release pattern of biochar, it was blended with biochar and urea fertilizer. The highest total nitrogen content among the produced fertilizers was recorded in biochar: urea in 1:2 (33.04%) followed by biochar-bentonite: urea in a 1:2 ratio (31.13%). The incubation study revealed that the maximum release of ammoniacal nitrogen from soil+ urea fertilizer was at 30 days (115.73 mg kg-1) followed by a sharp decline, maintaining a low value till the end of incubation, whereas the release was sustained and gradually increased to reach a maximum at the 180th day (117.6 mg kg-1) for soil+ biochar: urea in 1:1 ratio. Nitrate nitrogen also followed the same trend with the maximum release observed for biochar: urea in 1:1 on the 150th day (151.2 mg kg-1). The release of nitrate nitrogen was more than that of ammoniacal nitrogen throughout the incubation period for all the treatments. Among the blended fertilizers, content of both ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen were comparatively less for biochar –bentonite blended urea fertilizers. Thus, blending of urea with biochar/ biochar-bentonite prolonged the duration of maximum nutrient release.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81990
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessing Grain Yield and Achieving Enhanced Quality in Maize by Next
Generation Fertilizer: A Review
Authors: Dhruvendra Singh Sachan , K. Jaisimha Reddy , Sulochna, Yonika Saini , Avinash Kumar Rai , Omkar Singh , Thejavath Laxman
Pages: 626 - 637
Abstract: It explores the potential of advanced fertilizers in improving maize yield and quality while addressing environmental and socioeconomic concerns. Investigating the innovations in fertilizer technologies and their impact on maize cultivation, identifying research gaps and suggesting policy recommendations. The potential of advanced fertilizers for enhancing maize yield and quality while tackling environmental and socioeconomic issues: Advanced fertilizers, marked by enhanced nutrient use efficiency and targeted nutrient delivery, present valuable prospects for sustainable corn farming. This includes progress in fertilizer technologies, combined management strategies, and the effects of these cutting-edge products on corn yield and quality. Additionally, we explore research gaps, areas requiring further study, and policy suggestions to support the adoption of advanced fertilizers in corn production systems. By seizing these opportunities and addressing the related challenges, the global agricultural community can strive for more sustainable, efficient, and productive corn farming practices that contribute to improved food security and nutrition.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81991
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Current Breeding Approaches in Pearl Millet to Enhance the Nutritional
Quality
Authors: T. Venu Yadav , M. K. Meena , Varsha Kumari , Ram Kunwar , Manohar Ram , D. K. Gothwal
Pages: 638 - 648
Abstract: Pearl millet is an important millet crop, as it is a powerhouse of nutrition with capability to grow at harsh climatic conditions. It is able to overcome sudden climate changes and other natural disasters which can create food security problem by raising the price of foods there by reduce the availability of food materials. Pearl millet can be an alternative nutritious crop for the poor men which provide enough nutrition for active and healthy life. It is cheap source of nutrition when compared to other major cereal crops. While having its nutrition and health benefits, utilization of this crop is restricted due to lack of knowledge and poor keeping quality. Different breeding strategies like biofortification breeding, making of synthetic and composites, hybridization techniques by using A,B,R lines, Genomics, Speed breeding are frequently utilized in worldwide. Different improved lines with enhanced zinc and iron content may be used under hybridization programme to overcome the problem of low zinc and iron varieties. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide the information about nutritional profile, health benefits, biofortification process, current breeding approaches and future prospects.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81992
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Implication of Jasmonic Acid on Physiological Alterations on Salt Stressed
Fodder Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Prakriti Dhaka , Sridevi Tallapragada , Sarita Devi , B. K. Dhaka , Kamal, Pankaj
Pages: 649 - 660
Abstract: One of the main environmental factors that restricts the growth and productivity of sorghum is salt stress, which interferes with physiological processes including relative water content, NBI (nitrogen balance index), photosynthetic rate, etc. Agricultural land affected by soil salinity is growing significantly worldwide, therefore, strategies are needed to improve the salinity tolerance and most efficient one can be opted by studying the response of sorghum against salinity. Salt stress can be reduced by plant stress hormones such jasmonates, ABA, brassinosteroids, etc. In order to assess the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) (4.5, 6.5 & 8.5 mM) on the physiological properties of sorghum (HJ 541 and CSV 21F) grown in saline soil (4, 6 & 8 dS/m), green house experiment was executed on a complete randomized design (CRD), with three replications. The results shows that the salinity adversely effected photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, antioxidants (anthocyanin and flavonoids), nitrogen balance index, ash content which can be used as the most suitable parameter for determining tolerance to salinity stress. While, foliar application of jasmonic acid significantly improved the relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, etc. Jasmonic acid concentrations of 8.5 mM had more noticeable effects. Percent enhancement in chlorophyll index, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, was 14.5% and 13.4%, 16.7% and 19.9%, 42.0% and 58.0% in HJ 541 and CSV 21F, respectively at 8 dS/m as compared to control. CSV 21F performed better as compared to HJ 541 at all levels of salt stress after application of jasmonic acid.
PubDate: 2023-06-02
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81993
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- An Economic Analysis of Climate Change in Dry Lands of Maduri District,
Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: J. S. Amarnath , P. Yogitha , B. Sivasankari
Pages: 661 - 669
Abstract: The study was conducted in dry lands of Madurai district with a sample size of 150 to study the vulnerability, resilience and adaptation strategies to climate change and also to assess the sustainability of dry land farming and livelihood security of dry land farmers. The results revealed that Thirumangalam block was highly vulnerable to climate change with the index value of 0.689. In ecological sustainability, sorghum was more sustainable. Economic viability analyses showed that cotton was more sustainable The dependency on local inputs was higher for both cotton and sorghum with comparative higher usage of local inputs, such as labour, seed and Farm Yard Manure. Migration percentage was relatively high in dry land agro ecosystem due to low employment generation in this system. Thus, the resilience analysis showed that the migration has to be checked, savings has to be enhanced. Farm Yard Manure was the most important green technology adopted by the farmers with a proportion of 50.00 per cent. The livelihood security analyses that farmers in dry land system were much secure in habitat and social network security. Farmers’ perceived decline in yield was the most important impact of climate change and labour shortage was the most important constraint in adoption of climate resilient technologies. Policy implication suggested include suitable technological interventions should be given to sorghum farmers to make the crop more economically viable. Government should initiate agricultural development and welfare programmes for dryland farmers in the region.
PubDate: 2023-06-02
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81994
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Work-Related and Behavioral Characteristics of Formal and Informal Waste
Collectors in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Tondor; Cleopatra Uszosike , Brilliance Onyinyechi Anyanwu , Ejikeme Ugwoha
Pages: 670 - 677
Abstract: The study assessed the work-related and behavioral characteristics of formal and informal waste collectors in Rivers State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was employed for this study. 314 formal and 314 informal waste collection workers were sampled for the study using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-designed pretested questionnaire, observational checklists, clinical, laboratory measurements and a study guide. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 to analyze the data collected from respondents. The finding shows that at p = 0.05, the calculated chi-square value of 455.661 with the degree of freedom 92 was more than the critical chi-square value of 115.390. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, which states a significant difference in the work-related and behavioral characteristics among formal and informal waste collectors in Rivers State. However, training and retraining the informal waste collectors, enforcing personal protective equipment, and counselling on using hard drugs will go a long way in arresting their poor behavior.
PubDate: 2023-06-02
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81995
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluation of Maize and Pulses Intercropping System under Rainfed
Condition in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: F. T. Auxi Flavia , K. Rajendran , K. Sharmili , P. Dinesh Kumar
Pages: 678 - 683
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in rabi seasons (2022) at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore to study the maize-based intercropping with different legumes under rainfed condition as there are less research work regarding intercropping of maize in this area. Greengram (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) were selected as intercrops in 4:1 and 6:1 row ratio. The result of the study indicated that intercropping of greengram and cowpea with maize (Zea mays L.) in 4:1 gave higher total grain yield and stover yield compared to the sole cropping of maize under rainfed condition. Other intercropping indices like grain equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, competition index and income equivalent ratio were calculated. Intercropping system of maize + greengram (4:1) recorded the higher net return and B: C ratio followed by it maize+ cowpea (4:1). Therefore, under rainfed conditions of western zone of Tamil Nadu, maize + greengram 4:1 intercropping system may be suggested to get greater net return and B: C ratio.
PubDate: 2023-06-02
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81996
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Mapping of Soil Properties Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: S. Sridevy , M. Nivas Raj, P. Kumaresan, N. Balakrishnan , M. Tilak , J. Arockia Stephen Raj, P. Jona Innisai Rani
Pages: 684 - 700
Abstract: We aimed to estimate Soil Nutrients and relate the spectral signatures to that of the Laboratory reference Measurements utilizing CART analysis. Sustainable agriculture aims at controlled and/or precise soil fertility interventions based on spatial soil information. The profound advancements in remote sensing and geospatial techniques provide means for determining the spatial coverage and variability of the soil properties through the survey and image data incorporated in the mapping procedures (i.e.) Digital Soil Mapping. The soil moisture content at varying levels influences crop growth and decides the yield, as the crop requires water at critical crop growth stages. Machine learning techniques provide the means of optimized model calibration when compared to conventional geostatistical or statistical approaches.
PubDate: 2023-06-02
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81997
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Cropping System and Nutrient Management Practices on the
Yield, and Economics of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum]
Authors: A. Ajay Arockia Iraiyanban , R. Isaac Manuel , P. A. Joseph , P. Dinesh Kumar
Pages: 701 - 709
Abstract: The Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of cropping systems and nutrient management practices on the yield, and economics of pearl millet in the School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India). The experiments were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors (Cropping system and Nutrient management) and three replications for two consecutive seasons in 2022-23. The study comprised three cropping system treatments namely C1 – Sole Pearl millet cropping, C2 - Pearl millet + Black gram intercropping (1:1), C3 – Pearl millet + Cowpea intercropping (1:1) along with four nutrient management treatments viz., N1 - 100% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) @80:40:40 kg of N, P2O5, and K2O/ha., N2– 75% RDF + Azospirillum @2kg/ha and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @2kg/ha, N3 – 75% RDF + Soil application of Azospirillum (2kg/ha) and PSB (2kg/ha) + Foliar spray of 2% urea @ 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT), N4 – 75% RDF + Soil application of Azospirillum (2kg/ha) and PSB (2kg/ha) + Foliar spray of Panchagavya3% @ 15 and 35 DAT. The results of the experiment revealed that the intercropping of black gram or cowpea in pearl millet proves to be beneficial and advantageous in terms of, grain yield and returns per rupee invested, rather than going for the sole cropping of pearl millet. On the other hand, reduced application of inorganic recommended dose of fertilizers by 25% with the inclusion of biofertilizers like Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, along with the foliar application of 2% urea or 3% Panchagavya will be an economically viable and environmentally sustainable nutrient management practice for improving the yield of pearl millet.
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81998
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield and Economics of Lentil (Lens
culinaris L.)
Authors: Shiny Mandru , Rajesh Singh
Pages: 710 - 715
Abstract: At the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.), India, a field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2022. To study how zinc and sulphur affect lentil growth and output. Sulphur (20, 30, 40 kg/ha) and zinc (5, 6, 7 kg/ha) make up the treatments. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). Results revealed that the higher in yield attributes viz. number of pods/plant (148.77), maximum number of seeds/pod (1.80), 1000 seed weight (25.27 g), maximum seed yield (1.78 t/ha), stover yield (3.05 t/ha) and economics viz. Higher gross returns (INR 1,06,980/ha), net returns (INR 74,445/ha) and B:C ratio (2.29) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Sulphur 40 kg/ha + Zinc 7.0 kg/ha).
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81999
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield and Economics of Lentil
(Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Narisetty Sahithi , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu
Pages: 716 - 721
Abstract: The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2022 at experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India to verify the effect of phosphorus and potassium on lentil. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH7.3), low in organic carbon (0.36%), available nitrogen (171.57 kg/ha), available phosphorus (15.40 kg/ha) and available potassium (232.7 kg/ha). The treatments consist of 3 levels of Phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha and Potassium 15, 20, 25 kg/ha. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments each replicated thrice. Significantly higher yield attributes namely seeds/pod (2.27), pods/plant (91.90), seed yield (1847.93 kg/ha), stover yield (2948.20 kg/ha), maximum gross return (112200.00 INR/ha), net return (81025.00 INR/ha) and B: C ratio (2.59) were obtained highest in (Phosphorus 50 kg/ha + Potassium 25 kg/ha).
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82002
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Boron and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus L.) F1 Hybrid
Authors: P. Yamini , V. M. Prasad
Pages: 722 - 727
Abstract: The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season in the year 2021-2022 at post graduate Horticulture Experimental farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, to study the foliar application of different micro-nutrient treatments on Okra cv. Sahnaaj. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. Okra plants were treated with (boron and zinc) subjected to growth, yield and quality parameters and showed better results in combination treatment T7 [0.3% Boron + (RDF 100:40:100)] the treatment whereas minimum was observed in T0 (control).
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82003
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluation of Changes in Temperature Extremes in Vamsadhara River Basin,
Odisha, India
Authors: Ritu Kumari , T. Thomas , V. K. Chandola
Pages: 728 - 739
Abstract: With an emphasis on extreme events, several climate change indices that were derived from daily temperature data were computed and studied. Odisha is a coastal state of India which is severely prone to extreme events. With climate change, extreme events are also increasing in the world especially in coastal regions. Vamsadhara river basin which is situated at Odisha is selected for the study. The objective of this study was to compute and analyze the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) extreme indices using CLIMPACT software. 14 temperature indices were used to analyze the signals of climate change in the study area. The IMD data for the period 1961-2022 has been used for the study. The trend detection of indices was done through Mann-Kendall test and magnitude of trend was calculated using Sen’s Slope estimator. The result showed that warm days (TX90), Diurnal temperature range (DTR) and Warm Spell Duration Index (WSDI) are increasing with 1%, 10% and 1% level of significance respectively. This indicates that indices associated with warming are increasing in river basin. The cold night (TX10) indices found to be decreasing with 10% level of significance and TNx showed a negative trend at 10% level of significance.
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82004
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Micronutrients and Bioinoculants on Seed Yield and Seed Quality
of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under Kymore Plateau Zone
Authors: Pragya Singh, D. P. Sharma
Pages: 740 - 746
Abstract: Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated and economically important spice crops worldwide. Chilli is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide for its valuable fruits. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of micronutrients and bioinoculants on seed yield and quality of chilli. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD-Factorial) with three replications and twenty treatments, including four micronutrients (M1-M5) and three bioinoculants (B0-B3). The interaction effect of micronutrients and bioinoculants was found to be significant in enhancing the chilli seed yield and quality. The treatment combination M5B3 (ZnSO4 (0.2%) + Trichoderma viride (TV) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) + Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) (2.5 kg/ha +2.5 kg/ha+ 5.0 kg/ha)) showed the highest improvement. Therefore, it can be inferred that a combination of micronutrients and bioinoculants is recommended for increasing the seed yield and quality of chilli.
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82005
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Performance of Pearl Millet and Pulses Based Intercropping System under
Rainfed Condition
Authors: V. Preethi Victor , K. Sharmili , P. Dinesh Kumar, R. Minithra , B. Balaganesh
Pages: 747 - 752
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore to study the performance of different pearl millet-based intercropping with legumes under rainfed condition. Greengram (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and redgram (Cajanus Cajan) were sown as intercrops in replacement series of 4:1 and 6:1 row ratio. The result of the study indicated that intercropping of blackgram and redgram with pearl millet in 4:1 gave higher total grain yield (25503.0 kg/ha) and stover yield (4927.1 kg/ha) compared to the sole cropping of pearl millet under rainfed condition. Other intercropping indices like grain equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, competition index and income equivalent ratio were calculated. Intercropping system of pearl millet + blackgram (4:1) recorded the higher net returns (Rs. 81,621/ha) and B:C ratio (2.42).
PubDate: 2023-06-03
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82006
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Performance of Varieties under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels
Authors: P. Revathi , A. Krishna Chaitanya , B. Srinivas , B. Raju
Pages: 753 - 760
Abstract: Nitrogen influence plant growth and yield of crops. To evaluate the yield potential of different pre released rice genotypes at different Nitrogen levels under Northern Telangana Zone. Experiment was laid out insplit plot design with five main plots (pre released cultures) and four sub plots (nitrogen levels) at RARS, Jagtial, Kharif 2018-19 to Rabi 2019-20. Four pre released cultures of Northern TelaganaZone viz., C1-KNM-733, C2- KNM-1638, C3- JGL 24423 and C4: JGL-H-1 along with one check variety C5-MTU-1010 were evaluated and four nitrogen levels were tested . Based on two seasons data, 100% RDN:100-120 kg N ha-1 is enough with respect to KNM 1638 during Kharif 2018 and JGL-24423 during Rabi 2018-19 with 100% RDN-120-150 kg ha-1. Application of 100% RDN was on par with 90% RDN with urea were recorded highest yields with respect to varieties KNM 1638 during Kharifand JGL-24423 during Rabi.The highest yield was recorded in with respect to varieties KNM 1638 (9341kgha-1) followed JGL24423 (9927kgha-1) compare to check (9,341 kgha-1) during kharif season. Among the nitrogen levels 100% RDN recorded highest yield (10328 kg ha-1) and increasing dose resulted in decreasing yield. But cost benefit ratio was also highest recorded in JGL-24423(1:1.37) followed by KNM 1638 (1:1.31) during kharif season. In rabithe highest yield was recorded in pre released cultures JGL 24423 (5802kgha-1) followed by KNM 733 (5731kgha-1) compare to check (4651 kgha-1) and with respect to the nitrogen levels 100% RDN recorded highest yield @5231 kg ha-1 was on par to 90%RDN @ 4774 kg ha-1. B:C ratio maximum in JGL24423 was 1.37 and KNM733 was 1.36 and among the nitrogen levels 100 RDN @ 1.32 and 90%RDN @1.02.It canbe concluded that 100% RDN-100-120 kg N ha -1 is enough with respect varieties KNM 1638 during Kharif 2018-19 and JGL-24423 during Rabi-18-19 with 100% RDN-120-150 kg ha -1.
PubDate: 2023-06-05
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82007
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Different Levels of NPK and Zinc on Soil Health in Black Gram
(Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Anju Choudhary , Narendra Swaroop , Tarence Thomas , Taniya Mistri
Pages: 761 - 770
Abstract: An experiment was conducted during in Zaid season (March 2022-June 2022) to study the “effect of different levels of NPK and Zinc on soil health in black gram (Vigna mungo L.)” on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. A randomized block design was used to set up the experiment, with three levels of NPK (0%, 50%, and 100% NPK) and three levels of zinc (0%, 50%, and 100% zinc). The outcome demonstrates that inorganic fertilizer application had a non-significant effect on soil physical-chemical parameters (BD, PD, pH, EC and OC) and significant increase in pore space, water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc in treatment T9 [NPK at 100% + zinc at 100%] than other treatments.
PubDate: 2023-06-05
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82008
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Plant Spacing Combined with Nitrogen Nutrition Affects Loose Flower
Production in Rosa gruss-an-teplitz Under Open Conditions
Authors: Arshdeep Kaur , Ranjit Singh , Parminder Singh
Pages: 771 - 776
Abstract: The present investigation to study the effect of nitrogen and planting density for open grown roses for loose flower production was carried out at Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2020-21. Two years old plants were used for this study which were planted at three different spacings 70 x 100 cm, 70 x 90 cm and 70 x 80 cm. The plants were fertilized with four levels of nitrogen 0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g and 2.5 g per plant at monthly interval starting from pruning. The experiment was laid out in FRBD Design with twelve treatments each having three replications. The treatment combination comprising of 2.0 g nitrogen per plant per month with plant spacing 70 x 100 cm resulted in maximum plant height (109.83 cm), plant spread (95.67 cm), flower diameter (6.83 cm), flower weight (3.45 g), number of flowers per plant (389.66), flower yield (0.85 kg) per plant and hence, flower yield (3348.47 kg) per acre. The flowering was recorded earlier in 2.0 g nitrogen under spacing 70 x 100 cm as it exhibited flowering in 64.00 days. The shelf life of flowers was recorded maximum (10.87 hrs) with 1.5 g nitrogen under 70 x 100 cm spacing which was statistically at par with 2.0 g nitrogen under 70 x 100 cm spacing.
PubDate: 2023-06-05
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82009
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Insecticide Usage Pattern and Knowledge Level of Farmers on Insecticides
Handling to Manage Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Brinjal Across Different
Localities
Authors: Somashekhar Gaddanakeri , S. Pradeep , Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh , B. K. Shivanna , S. Sridhara , D. Thippesha , B. Fakrudin
Pages: 777 - 784
Abstract: A detailed survey was carried out to record the insecticide usage pattern in brinjal and knowledge level of farmers on insecticides handling to control brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis from brinjal growing farmers of Shivamogga (Karnataka), Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), Tirupati and Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh), Pune (Maharashtra) and Gadwal (Telangana) Districts of India during 2020-21. The information on insecticide usage pattern was gathered from twenty progressive farmers from each selected location using well-structured questionnaire. The data revealed that farmers used eighteen different insecticides to manage L. orbonalis in brinjal. Among the different insecticides the highest usage of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (70%) was reported followed by emamectin benzoate (55%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (33.33%). The number of application of insecticides in the six locations varied from 10.8 to 22.20 per cropping season at an interval ranging from 7.0 to 12.4 days. In order to get information on insecticide recommendation, 48.33 per cent of brinjal farmers approached pesticide dealer shops and 78.33 per cent farmers did not pay attention towards label information given in pesticide containers. In different localities, around 51.67 per cent of farmers sprayed insecticides at recommended dose and nearly 71.67 per cent of farmers did not follow any safety measures while undertaking spraying operation. In all the locations (83.33%) farmers relied only on Insecticides and only around 10.0 per cent famers followed cultural control methods for L. orbonalis control.
PubDate: 2023-06-05
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82010
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Comparative Evaluation of Neem-coated Urea and Nano Urea on the Growth and
Physiological Attributes of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)
Authors: R. Santhosh Anto Kumar , K. Sharmili , B. Balaganesh , R. Isaac Manuel
Pages: 785 - 792
Abstract: An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on finger millet, with Significant nutrient losses, especially for nitrogen (N) fertilizers, occurring when chemical fertilizers are directly incorporated into the field. These losses primarily result from leaching and volatilization processes under this practice, crops tend to utilize only a fraction of the applied N fertilizers, typically ranging from 30 to 40%. These observations highlight the inefficiency of traditional fertilizer application methods and the need for improved nutrient management strategies to maximize nutrient utilization by crops and minimize environmental impacts. The study was conducted in Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and replicated three times. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment combining 50% neem-coated urea (NCU) and 50% nano urea (NU) in addition to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (T5) exhibited exceptional performance compared to the other treatments. This particular treatment displayed significant outcomes, including an increase in plant height of (93.7cm), improved leaf area index (3.95), greater total dry matter production (6443 kg/ha), a higher number of tillers (161.24/m2), increased productive tillers (94.2/m2), enhanced grain yield (4350 kg/ha), higher straw yield (5829 kg/ha), improved gross returns (143313 Rs/ha), a net return of (Rs. 88,247/ha), and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.60. On the other hand, the application of (75% Neem coated urea + 25% Nano urea + P and K) can be considered as a second option for obtaining higher yield and economics of growing finger millet.
PubDate: 2023-06-05
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82011
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Biofertilizer and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Lokesh Kumar , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu
Pages: 793 - 797
Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Influence of Biofertilizer and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was conducted during rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The study included Biofertilizer Rhizobium, PSB and Rhizobium + PSB, and three levels of Phosphorus (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.8), Organic Carbon (0.43%), Available N (181.58 kg/ha), Available P (15.45 kg/ha) and Available K (197.64 kg/ha). Application of (Rhizobium + PSB + Phosphorus 60 kg/ha) produces higher Seed yield (1537.20 kg/ha.), Stover yield (3195.12 kg/ha.), Gross Return (INR 97985/ha.), Net Return (INR 66560/ha.) and B:C Ratio (2.12).
PubDate: 2023-06-05
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82012
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
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