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- Physiological Responses of Wheat Associate with Heat Tolerance
Authors: Minakshi R. Neware, N. R. Potdukhe
Pages: 1 - 10
Abstract: This study was performed to explore heat stress tolerance indices to judge terminal heat tolerance genotypes from nine wheat genotypes viz: AKAW 5023, AKAW 4927, PBN 4905, PBN 4751-02, NIAW 3523, NIAW 2891, AKAW 4210-6 (C), NIAW 34 (C), NIAW 1994 (C) at Wheat Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MH) during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-2018. The trial was setup in RBD design with three replications. Yield and Physiological traits were recorded and correlated with yield. Genotype NIAW 2891 noted significantly high germination %,CTD (4.30oC), minimum membrane thermo-stability index (48.86%) at 75 DAS (grain filling stage), exhibited more RGR (0.0074 g g-1 day-1), NAR (0.0500 g dm2 day-1), early 50% flowering (58.16 days), days to maturity (91.83 days) and more grain yield ha-1 (35.65 q/ha) followed by genotype NIAW 3523 (33.83 q/ha) during both the year and noted as heat tolerance genotypes against the best check AKAW 4210-6. Correlation analysis showed that yield under stress environment had positive significant correlate with days to 50 % flowering and physiological maturity however, canopy temperature and membrane thermo-stability index had negative significant correlation with yield. Hence, due emphasis should be given to these attributes for genetic improvement in wheat under heat stress condition.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81926
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Long Term Effect of Organic Cropping Systems on Hydraulic Properties of
Soils
Authors: Jaskirandeep Kaur
Pages: 11 - 23
Abstract: A field study on long term effect of five organic cropping systems viz. poplar + turmeric (CS1), sugarcane + bottle gourd – broccoli (CS2), basmati – wheat (CS3), sugarcane fodder (CS4) and maize + summer moong - wheat (CS5) on soil hydraulic properties was conducted at Natural Agriculture Farm and Research Centre, Dherekot, Jandiala Guru, Amritsar, Punjab. The depth wise soil samples from these cropping systems were collected after rabi (2018-19) and kharif (2019) seasons. Maximum soil water retentivity (MWR) in CS2 and CS5 was significantly higher than CS1, CS3 and CS4. In 15-22.5 cm soil layer MWR was significantly lower than 0-7.5, 7.5-15 and 22.5-30 cm soil layers. At 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 bar matric potentials CS1 and CS2 has significantly higher soil moisture retention compared to CS3, CS4 and CS5 cropping systems. However, CS4 has significantly lower soil moisture at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 bar matric potential compared to CS5. Soil moisture retention was significantly lower in 15-22.5 cm depth compared to 0-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm depths at all matric potentials. Plant available water in CS1, CS2 and CS5 was significantly higher by 5.7, 4.9 and 2.9 percent, respectively compared to CS3 and by 5.5, 4.7 and 2.7 percent, respectively compared to CS4. Soil infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were significantly higher in CS4 compared to all other cropping systems. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) was significantly lower in CS3 than all other cropping systems. In CS1 and CS2 SHC was at par but these cropping systems have significantly lower SHC than CS4 and CS5. Irrespective of cropping systems SHC of 22.5-30 cm layer was significantly lower than other soil depths. In different cropping systems unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (KΨ) was significantly higher in CS4 and CS5 compared to CS1, CS2 and CS3. Soil drainage rate was significantly higher in CS4 by 8.6, 19.3, 30.2 and 67.3 percent compared to CS5, CS2, CS1 and CS3, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81927
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Study of Four Cucumber Germplasm Genotypes, Grown in Qatar and the Indian
Agro-climatic Zone, Based on Its Phenotypic Traits
Authors: Muvin Khan, Amar Prakash Garg, Sourabh Jain, . Tanushiri
Pages: 24 - 36
Abstract: This study included four genotypes of cucumber (IC257296, IC420405, GYNE-5, PUSA SANYOG) which were evaluated based on phenotypic traits when grown under two different soil zones of Doha (Qatar) and Meerut (India). Statistical analysis to estimate various genetic parameters like phenotypic and genotypic variance, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV), broad sense heritability and genetic gain and principal component analysis (PCA) of genotypes was done in order to assess the magnitude of variability for various agro-metrical characters. In Indian soil zone, highest yield was observed in GYNE-5, while, in Qatar soil zone, highest yield was observed in PUSA SANYOG. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than its corresponding genotypic counterpart (GCV) for all characters studied. High broad-sense heritability was associated with all the traits in both zones except fruit length. Days to edible maturity, fruit length and fruit width showed low genetic gain in qatar zone; hence, heterosis breeding would be recommended. Principal component analysis involved vine length and days to edible maturity as the most discriminating trait that accounted for greater variability in cucumber in qatar zone, and it should be considered in cucumber improvement programs. Correlation analysis represent that yield was positively correlated with fruit length and fruit width, while, fruit per plant showed positive significant correlation with vine length. Present findings suggest that PUSA SANYOG may be cultivated in other areas with similar climatic conditions. This study will help to improve the protected agriculture model of Qatar and revenue generation for the farmers.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81928
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Screening of Tropical Maize Inbred Lines by Artificial Infestation for
Resistance against Invasive Fall Armyworm in India
Authors: K. Vani Sree, D. Bhadru, M. V. Nagesh Kumar, S. Upendhar, B. Mallaiah, Y. Sivalakshmi
Pages: 37 - 52
Abstract: Aim: This study was aimed to find resistance sources against FAW. Study Design: Randomised Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: The Present study was conducted at Maize Research Centre, Hyderabad with promising germplasm during Kharif-2021, Rabi-2021-22 and Kharif-2022. Methodology: Field-collected FAW egg masses were reared using maize leaf- and stalk-based diet at 27 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity and 12 h day length. The resulting neonates were used to infest the seedlings of 34 diverse tropical maize inbred genotypes. Results: A total of 15 genotypes were found to have recorded a leaf damage score of less than 5 with the least score recorded in BML 2 (3.24), followed by BML 11 (3.34), BML 7(3.37), BML 5 (3.37), BML 8 (3.49), CM 201 (3.60), BML 32-2 (3.91), CM 132 (3.97), BML 10 (4.01), BML 6 (4.02), BML 13 (4.34), CM202 (4.34), CM 131 (4.68), BML 90 (4.82), BML 45 (4.95) and displayed moderate resistance. Conclusion: Out of 34 inbred lines studied 15 were found to be moderately resistant to fall armyworm based on LIR and cob damage score under artificial infestation.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81929
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Analysis of Socio-Economic Characteristics of Potato Farmers and Trend,
Growth Rate of Area, Production of Potato in Nalanda District of Bihar,
India
Authors: Suman Kumari , Mukesh Maurya , Sanjay Kumar , Ashish S. Noel
Pages: 53 - 60
Abstract: This paper investigates the socio–economic situation of potato farmers and the Growth Rate of Area, Production of Potato in Nalanda District of Bihar, India. Nalanda district was purposively selected because this district has a maximum area under potato cultivation. The required data were collected from 150 randomly selected farmers for the year 2021-22. The average size of land holding and the family size was 1.51 ha. and 5.7 respectively in the study area. Potato farmers are categorized into three different age groups i.e., Below 30 years, 30-50 years and Above 50 years. The majority of farmers (40%) fall into 30-50 age group. Medium farmers are the highest annual income as compared to small and marginal farmers. The result shows that the annual income of farmers consists of farm and non-farm sources i.e., 40% and 60% respectively. The trend analysis shows that the growth rate in area and production was negative during periods I (2007–08 to 2011–12) and II (2017–18 to 2021–22), while the growth rate of area and production was positive during periods III (2012–13 to 2016–17). There was a positive trend with annual growth rates of 2.85 percent for area, 0.86 percent for production during period III and 8.82 percent and 2.19 percent for yield during the period of 2007-08 to 2017-18.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81930
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Genetic Divergence Study in Different Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
under Irrigated and Drought Stress Condition
Authors: Sirisha Bora , Manthur Sreeramulu Manjunath , Vinod Kumar , Sulochna, C. l. Maurya, Dhruvendra Singh Sachan , Ashok Kumar Koshariya
Pages: 61 - 71
Abstract: Thirty rice genotypes were evaluated to study genetic divergence under irrigated and drought stress conditions in randomized block design at Bagusala farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, Odisha, during summer 2019. The main objective of this experiment was to identify reproductive phase drought tolerant genotypes through study the effect of drought stress on yield, yield attributing and biochemical traits performance of selected genotypes using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Set of 30 genotypes were grouped in to five and nine clusters under irrigated and drought situation. Under irrigated conditions cluster-Ⅰ was largest cluster with 22 genotypes followed by cluster-Ⅱ includes 5 genotypes cluster-Ⅲ, IV and V each consisted with only one genotype. Under drought condition, genotypes were grouped into nine different clusters, cluster-Ⅰ was the largest cluster involving 20 genotypes followed by cluster-Ⅱ having 3 genotypes whereas, cluster-Ⅲ, IV, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ were recorded with single genotype. The maximum intra cluster distances under irrigated conditions were found in cluster- Ⅱ (27111.9) followed by cluster-Ⅰ (17587.7). Whereas, in case of stress cluster-Ⅱ had maximum distance (21110.9) fallowed by cluster-Ⅰ (17957.8). Under irrigated maximum inter-cluster distances recorded between cluster-Ⅱ and Ⅴ (62310.8) followed by cluster-Ⅳ and Ⅴ (57656.0). In case of stress maximum inter cluster distances recorded between cluster -Ⅱ and Ⅶ (69865.5) fallowed by cluster- Ⅷ and Ⅸ (67848.9), cluster-Ⅱ and Ⅸ (65239.2). Under irrigate conditions highest manifestation towards genetic divergence was exhibited by chlorophyll followed by plant yield, 1000 grain weight, proline, number of spikelets, carbohydrates, grain weight, phenols, panicle length, panicle weight, flavonoids, number of filled grains, plant height and number of tillers. In case of drought stress, maximum percentage contribution towards to the genetic divergence was observed for Proline followed by carbohydrates, plant height, plant yield, grain weight, chlorophyll, number of spikelets, flavonoids, 1000grain weight, filled grains, phenols, panicle weight, panicle length and number of tillers, while other trait like root length did not contribute to the total divergence. The genotypes grouped under cluster Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅷ namely MTU1010, MTU1075, MTU1224, RNR2465 and Manipur black rice exhibited maximum drought tolerance under stress conditions. These genotypes can be used as the donor parents for development of drought tolerant lines in crop improvement programme.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81931
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet
(Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: K. Bhargavi , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu , Akankhya Pradhan
Pages: 72 - 77
Abstract: The field experiment was carried out during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the response of sulphur and zinc on the growth and yield of Pearl millet. The treatments consist of sulphur @ 20, 30 and 40 kg/ha and zinc @ 5, 10 and15 kg/ha. There were 9 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%), available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (198.06 cm), plant dry weight (75.83 g/plant), crop growth rate (47.70 g/m2 /day), ear head length (25.2 cm), grains/ear head (2006.0), test weight (8.57 gm), higher grain yield (40.95 q/ha) and higher stover yield (40.95 q/ha) were significantly influenced with the application of sulphur 40 kg/ha + zinc 15 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 92145.00/ha), higher net returns (INR 62365.00/ha) and a higher B: C ratio (2.09) were also recorded in treatment-9 (sulphur 40 kg/ha+zinc 15 kg/ha).
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81932
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluation of Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the Basis of
Physiological and Morphological Traits
Authors: Saurabh Singh , A. K. Singh , Shraddha Singh , Alok Kumar Singh
Pages: 78 - 82
Abstract: The investigation entitled “Evaluation of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the basis of physiological and morphological traits” was conducted during the Kharif season, 2019-2020 at the field of Student’s Instruction Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. Nine elite rice genotypes were shown in RBD with three replications, and morphological data were recorded. i.e., Plant height (cm), tiller number per plant, ear bearing tillers per plant, dry weight per plant(g), number of grains/plant, test weight(g), grain yield per plant. The plant height was, plant dry weight and number of tillers per plant obtained maximum in Sambha Sub-1 in comparison to other genotypes.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81933
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Foliar Spray of Iron and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield
of Greengram
Authors: Michael William Topno , Joy Dawson
Pages: 83 - 88
Abstract: The Field experiment was conducted during Kharif season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, India. To evaluate the Response of Foliar spray of Iron and Gibberellic acid on the Growth and Yield of Greengram . The Soil of the experimented field was Sandy Loam in texture, slightly alkaline reaction (pH 7.0), low in organic carbon (0.40%), available N (161.48kg/ha), available 151.2kg/ha) and available K(232.5kg/ha).The Treatment consisted of FeSO4 (foliar spray at 15,30 DAS) 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% ,and GA3(foliar spray at 20,40 DAS) 50ppm, 100ppm, and 150ppm . The experiment was laid out in a randomized Block design and comprised of different levels of Iron and GA3 with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The growth attributes which was plant height (53.83cm), No. of Nodules/plant (51.00), Plant dry weight (11.67 g/plant) was significantly increased with increase in level of Iron and GA3.The Yield attributes was obtained Maximum, No. of Pods/Plant (24.5), No. of Seeds/Pod (12.00), Test weight (20.50g), Grain yield (1.95 t/ha), Stover Yield (3.15 t/ha) and Harvest Index (33.83%)at harvest. Maximum Gross Return (INR 1,29,112.50 INR/ha), Net Return (INR 92,803.50 INR/ha), highest B: C Ratio (2.56).
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81934
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Impact of Fertigation Regimes on Quality of Ginger (Rio-de-Janeiro and
Himachal)
Authors: S. N. Manjunatha, Kavitha Kandpal, A. Vidya, C. T. Ramachandra, B. N. Maruthi Prasad, K. Tamil Vendan
Pages: 89 - 94
Abstract: Ginger is used as one of the important ingredients in traditional as well as modern medicine besides as a spice. It boosts immunity and is a rich source of many biologically active substances and minerals. Although it is a medicinally important crop, its productivity is, however, affected due to poor nutrient management and therefore it requires an adequate supply of nutrients in the form of inorganic fertilizers or organic manuring, or a mixture of both. In this context, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of fertigation regimes on quality of ginger (Rio-De-Jenereo and Himachal) at vegetable division in department of Horticulture, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments, Sources of nutrients used were FYM (Farm Yard Manure), Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria), AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi), KMB (Potassium Mobilizing Bio fertilizer), Inorganic sources (Urea, DAP, MOP, SSP, Ginger special, Neem cake). The results showed that the application of 200 % RDF (200:100:100 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) fertigation + FYM 30 t/ha, Neem cake 2 t/ha] was found effective for increment in essential oil (%), oleoresin content (%), gingerol (%) and crude fibre (%) in both varieties of ginger among the all treatments evaluated in this zone (Bangalore).
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81935
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Artificial Neural Networks and their Use in Agricultural Genetic
Engineering and Protein Estimation
Authors: Amit Kotiyal , Aashish Dudi , M. Lakshmi , Adesh Gaurav , Bikram Shah , Ritam Mondal , Lalit Kadu , Nitin Kalyan
Pages: 95 - 108
Abstract: A mathematical model called an artificial neural network uses certain algorithms to anticipate and predict various events. This model has multiple layers, including input, hidden, and output layers. By altering its algorithms, various outputs can be produced based on the input utilized. Biological neuron mechanization has an impact on artificial neural networks. As biological neurons have a propensity to learn and train sets of data for producing biased outputs by spotting and removing variances in them, ANN also works on these principles. Although this model has many uses, it has historically been employed in biological experiments using the supervised learning method, one of which is to predict protein secondary structure. This allows one to identify the positions of different amino acids that are ordered complicated protein structures, which are very appealing in genetic engineering. By this model scientists can map out and isolate a desirable gene in genetic material without going through intense laborious experiments. This report summarizes all the objectives linked to artificial neural networks as well as their applications in bioengineering by examining many related studies.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81936
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Advance Families of
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: Padmashree R., . Honnappa, Shanthala J., Savithramma D. L., Sanjeev Kumar R.
Pages: 109 - 119
Abstract: Genetic variability is a major component which helps in selecting better genotypes under different environmental conditions. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the genetic variability and its components and their trait associations of yield characters from the cross of GKVK-13 and KCG-2 that contribute to the F6 and F7 families. In an augmented block design with three checks, TMV-2, KCG-6, and KCG-2, the study was carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, in the 2017 summer and Kharif (rainy seasons). Highly significant differences between the families were found in the analysis of variance for all the characters studied in the F6 and F7 generations, indicating that there is enough variation. Furthermore, medium to high Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic coefficient of variation values coupled with high heritability and medium to high genetic advance as per cent mean observed in most of the traits showed that the majority of the attributes were controlled by additive gene activity and that there was adequate variability. In addition, phenotypic correlation coefficients depicted significant positive associations for most of the traits studied. The implications of the results are discussed. The study concludes that there was the presence of additive genes controlling most of the traits and early selection of these traits is possible for groundnut improvement in the breeding programme.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81937
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Survey Study to Assess the Prevalence of Storage Insect Pest on the Seed
Health Status of Farmers in Telangana, India
Authors: A. Padmasri , B. V. Jayanth , B. Rajeswari
Pages: 120 - 126
Abstract: Introduction: Telangana is considered as seed bowl of India. About 65% of rice produced will be used either for consumption or seed purpose. Hence, farmers save their produce till next season. But in storage it is infested with many insect pests. Due to lack of awareness about scientific storage techniques they are unable to produce quality seed. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five rice seed samples were collected from seven major rice producing areas of the Telangana. Seed samples were drawn from top, middle and bottom positions of the container with a sampler, from the storage structures. A total of fourteen seed stores were sampled and composite samples were collected from these stores for further assessment in a laboratory. From each container, three samples, each consisting of 500 g of rice seed was taken. Samples were bulked and 500 g sample prepared as sample. Each sample was put in a paper bag and labeled with the necessary information (name of the site, sample number, date of sampling, storage time. Results: Sixty three percent samples were infested with lesser grain borer; Rhyzopertha dominica; Angoumois grain moth; Sitotroga cereallela, rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae; rust red flour beetle, Tribolium cataneum; Saw toothed beetle Oryzaephillus surinamensis. Among these insect pests, Angoumois grain moth and lesser grain borer were predominant. The maximum seed moisture content (12.57%) was recorded in the samples of Miryalaguda district and minimum seed moisture content (9.39%) in samples of Warangal district. The maximum insect infestation 5.73% was recorded in samples of district Rangareddy and the minimum (0.23%) sample were infested in Mahaboobnagar district. The maximum germination (95%) was noticed in seed sample of Nizamabad district and the minimum (79.57%) in samples of Warangal district. However, the maximum 1745 and minimum 1400 seed vigour index were observed in Nizamabad and Mahaboobnagar districts, respectively. The overall average performance of seed samples collected different villages of seven districts of Telangana were seed moisture content (10.88%) seed damaged (2.16 %), seed germination (90.43%) and Seed Vigour Index (1539).
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81938
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effects of Colored Polymer Light and Feed Forms on the Performance of
Broiler Chickens in the Humid Tropical Climate
Authors: M. Adegbenro, A. O. Jongbo, R. O. Akinfenwa, O. A. Adeyeye, A. N. Fajemisin
Pages: 127 - 140
Abstract: Aims: The colours of the polymer used during brooding could impair the vision of the chicks. For chicks reared in the dark environment, they have limited access to daylight and find it difficult to gain access to feed and water. Therefore, for better understanding of the effect of the polymer colours on broiler production in the humid tropical climate, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of coloured polymer light filter and feed forms on performance of broiler chickens. Methodology: A total of two hundred and forty (240) chicks were allocated in 2 × 4 factorial arrangements with two feed forms (mash and pellet). The chicks were reared under four (4) different coloured polymer light filter, namely; white (T1), blue (T2), black (T3), and green (T4) and an incandescent bulb (100 Watts) each. Results: The results showed that the birds reared under the white polymer light filter had the highest weight gain (1565.28 g), while the least weight gain (1469.72 g) was observed in birds reared under black polymer light filter. For rectal temperature of the birds, it was discovered that broiler chicken reared under white polymer light filter had the highest rectal temperature (39.63°C), while the least rectal temperature of 39.33°C was observed in the chicken reared under black polymer light filter. The highest environmental temperature (34.03°C) was observed in birds reared under black polymer light filter, while the least environmental temperature (30.03°C) was observed in birds reared under white polymer light filter. The results further showed that birds fed with pelletized feed form had the highest weight gain than the birds fed with mashed feed form. Conclusions: From the findings of this study, it is certain that polymer light filter and feed forms are important factors that could influence birds’ performance.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81939
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Annual Mean Temperature and Rain Precipitation in North America Using NHPP
to Detect Climate Changes
Authors: Jorge Alberto Achcar, Eliane R. Rodrigues, Ricardo Puziol de Oliveira, Emerson Barili
Pages: 141 - 161
Abstract: In this study, non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) are assumed to analyze annual average temperatures and rain precipitations, considering climate data for some regions of North America reported for a long period. A power law process (PLP) is assumed for the intensity function (derivative of the mean value function) or rate \(\lambda\) (t), t \(\ge\) 0 of the NHPP which the Poisson events occur considering data (accumulated number of years in a given time interval [0,t) where the climate measure is above a threshould given by the overal average in the assumed period) in presence or not of a change-point. The parameters of the assumed model are estimated under a Bayesian approach and using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods. Alternatively to the use of a PLP process, we also assume a polynomial parametrical form for the mean value function of the NHPP process where a simple Bayesian inference approach is proposed to get better fit for the intensity and mean value functions of the NHPP process. From the fitted models it was possible to to detect the years where climate changes occurred.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81940
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Phosphorus and Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Rice
(Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: M. G. Thrupthi, Victor Debbarma, Darla Harika
Pages: 162 - 169
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) to determine the “Influence of Phosphorus and Micronutrients on growth and yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatments which include of three levels three Phosphorus viz @ 50,60 and 70 kg/ha. and three levels of micronutrients viz. Zinc @ 10kg/ha, Iron @ 15kg/ha and Boron @ 4 kg/ha.The results showed that treatment 7 [Phoshorus (70 kg/ha)+ Zinc(10 kg/ha)] recorded significantly higher plant height, number of of tillers/hill, plant dry weight (g), number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81941
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Status of Sacred Groves in India: A Review
Authors: Kannan C. S. Warrier, Rekha R. Warrier, V. Thangavel
Pages: 170 - 181
Abstract: Areas covering native plant and tree species protected on behalf of religious grounds are known as sacred groves. Apart from India, sacred groves occur in various countries including America, Australia, Africa, Asia and Europe. They are not merely patches of forests but are islands in desolated landscapes. Many valuable medicinal plants and wild relatives of cultivated species are residing in sacred groves which have got tremendous roles to play in species or tree improvement programmes. Ancient sacred groves should be treated as possessing “Incomparable Values” according to the National Environment Policy of India. This paper reviewed extensively, analyzed and presented the current status on these invaluable resource pockets in India.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81942
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Creation of Geospatial Database and Estimation of Irrigation Water
Requirement of a Canal Command in Gayathri Irrigation Project, Kerala
Authors: Priya G. Nair, Asha Joseph
Pages: 182 - 196
Abstract: The water requirement of crops in the canal command of distributaries of Gayathri Irrigation Project in Palakkad district, Kerala was estimated using GIS and CROPWAT 8 model. The geospatial data base for canal network, land use, soil and climate were prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. This data base was used as input to CROPWAT model to estimate irrigation water requirement of different distributaries of the canal command. The gross irrigation requirement was estimated for the historical climate data (2004-2018) as well as the predicted climate data for the years 2026 and 2031. The net irrigation water requirement of different crops in the distributary command was found to vary spatially depending on soil, crop and climate. The net irrigation water requirement of paddy (mundakan) in distributaries located at head to tail reaches varied from 1004.5 to 1573.6 mm. The high value of net irrigation requirement in tail reach was due to the influence of soil series with high infiltration rate compared to head reach soil. The net irrigation requirement also varied for the same crop in same soil series in different distributaries depending upon the climatic conditions. The net irrigation water requirement of paddy (mundakan) in distributaries located at head to middle reaches for the same soil series varied from 1056.5 to 1004.5 mm due to the influence of variations in rainfall. The gross estimated irrigation water requirement showed that distributaries at the middle and tail reaches required more water than the distributaries at the head end. The maximum gross irrigation water requirement of 25369.7 m3/ha was observed for Peringhotukavu distributary in tail reach and lowest of 4390.9 m3/ha for Parakkalchalla distributary in head reach. The estimation of irrigation requirement for projected climate data also showed the same trend as that of historical data.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81943
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Comparative Response Studies on Organic Amendments and Leguminous
Intercropping on Maize (Zea mays L.) Agronomic Traits and Photosynthetic
Activity
Authors: Bexell George, R. Isaac Manuel, Sugitha Thankappan, R. Susan Poonguzhali
Pages: 197 - 205
Abstract: The present study aimed to optimize a suitable nutrient management practice with the co-application of organic amendments and leguminous intercropping for sustainable maize production. The experiment was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022-’23 in randomized block design following ten treatments. Maize (hybrid COH (M) 6) seeds were sown in rows at a spacing of 60ⅹ25 cm following the treatments: T1 - Absolute control, T2 – Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) alone, T3 - RDF + Poultry Manure (4t ha-1), T4 - RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1), T5 - RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T6 - RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T7 - 75 % RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T8 - 75% RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T9 - 50% RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T10 - 50% RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping. Observations for plant height, dry matter production (DMP), and Relative Chlorophyll Content (RCC) were recorded at different phenological stages on 30, 45, and 60 DAS. The results showed that the treatment T5 amended with poultry manure recorded the highest growth attributes and yield during the two consecutive seasons, followed by T6, T7, and T8, whereas the lowest was in T1. While comparing growth and yield attributes in in the second season (Rabi 2022-’23), the treatments T7 and T8 with 75 % RDF + FYM/poultry manure remarked substantial yield increase. The results suggest that co-application of organic manures like poultry manure or FYM with reduced dosages of mineral fertilizer, could be recommended as an optimal nutrient management strategy for sustainable maize production.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81944
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Organic Manures on Growth and Yield of Rice Varieties (Oryza
sativa L.) and Yield Validation using SPSS Model
Authors: Gandla Suresh Kumar, Biswarup Mehera , Prateek Kumar
Pages: 206 - 213
Abstract: The experiment was conducted during the Kharif season 2022, at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.) to find out the “Effect of Organic manures on growth and yield of Rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) and yield validation using SPSS model”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments which include 3 varieties NDR-359, BPT-5204 and MTU-7029 and 3 organic manures Poultry manure 5(t/ha), Vermicompost 10(t/ha) and Poultry manure 2.5(t/ha) + Vermicompost 5(t/ha). Whose effect is observed in Rice varieties. The result showed that the treatment with the application of MTU-7029 + Poultry manure 2.5(t/ha) and Vermicompost 5(t/ha) at 100 DAT was recorded higher in number of tillers per hill (13.1/hill), and also recorded significant and higher number of effective tillers per hill (11.33/hill), number of grains per panicle (112.33), test weight (22.20 g), grain yield (5.21 t/ha) and straw yield (6.49 t/ha), Harvest index (44.45 %). Higher gross return (1,50,920.91 INR/ha), net return (1,00,770.91 INR/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.01) was recorded in the application of (MTU-7029 + Poultry manure 2.5 t/ha + Vermicompost 5 t/ha) as compared to other treatments. Treatment 9 has shown 44.68 % increase over predicted yield whereas there was 26.58 % increase in treatment 8 over predicted yield through SPSS model.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81945
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Aeroponics: A Polytropic Research Tool in the New Era of Agriculture
Authors: Karthik Chittibomma , Nand Kishor Yadav , Merugu Ganesh Reddy
Pages: 214 - 218
Abstract: Aeroponics is a technique of cultivating or culturing plants in the absence of soil or a consolidated medium. It is that the plant is just grown in the moist air or mist medium to transmit the nutrients required by plants. To be honest I call is as a tool for research and commercial production activities because when we talk about practical application there will be many aspects for consideration such as orientation, site selection, skilled technicians, economic costs weather, and climate mainly the traditional farmers. All these operations cannot be handled by a small and simple farmer with ease, this is the reason for the current trend of aeroponics which is new to people and being practically utilized only for research, aesthetics, and for commercial purposes. Aeroponics need special structures which can maintain a controlled environment for the fulfillment of all the basic and required conditions by the plants being studied or grown inside. It requires proper equipment like aeroponic growth chambers, phytosanitary conditions, cooling mechanization, etc. aeroponics has many uses as they can be grown in less space, are useful for seed production, and used in parks and restaurants for ambiance, can grow crops extraterrestrial, pollution free but can’t be termed as organic as it is grown without the soil but yes, we can say it organically as there is no use of chemical fertilizer or pesticide n herbicides. There is a big debate going on this outside but this is just what my perspective is. Further development should come up for the sustainability of aeroponics as a medium for agricultural practice.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81946
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Application Methodology and Physiological Insights of Melatonin Hormone
for Water Stress Alleviation in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: M. Alagupalamuthirsolai, Renuka Suresh , C. K. Thankamani , V. Srinivasan, R. Sivaranjani, K. S. Krishnamurthy , C. Sarathambal , R. Gobu , Honnappa Asangi , H. J. Akshitha , Mohammad Faisal Peeran , Balaji Rajkumar
Pages: 219 - 228
Abstract: Black pepper is highly sensitive to water deficit stress especially during summer, resulting in significant losses in yield; therefore, strategies aimed at enhancing water stress tolerance are essential. Melatonin improves stress tolerance in plants; however, its method of application and optimum concentration in black pepper under water deficit stress remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two pot culture experiment during March and April, 2022 (var. Panniyur-1) to investigate the effects of foliar-sprayed and root-irrigated melatonin (50, 100 and 150 µM L-1) on the recovery per cent and physiological mechanism under water stress. The treatment details were, WW - Well-watered; WS - Water stressed; FM50 - Waterstress+50µM Melatonin (Foliar spray); FRM50 - Water stress + 50µM Melatonin (Foliar spray + Soil drenching @ 50ml/plant); FM100 - Water stress + 100µM Melatonin (Foliar spray); FRM100 - Water stress + 100µM Melatonin (Foliar spray + Soil drenching @ 50ml/plant); FM150 - Water stress + 150µM Melatonin (Foliar spray); FRM150 - Water stress + 150µM Melatonin (Foliar spray + Soil drenching @ 50ml/plant). The melatonin-induced enhanced stress tolerance could be attributed to improved recovery %, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), and ultimately significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of water stress on leaves. After rehydration, melatonin-treated plants recovered more quickly than untreated plants. In addition, melatonin counteracted the water stress induced accumulation in proline content. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that melatonin at 100 µM L-1 (Foliar spray and root irrigation) significantly alleviated the adverse effects of water deficit stress compared untreated plants. In addition, application of exogenous melatonin combined with root and foliar application is superior than foliar spraying alone.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81947
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessment of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties under Various
Sowing Windows for Crop Growth, Development and Yield in Western
Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao , Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar, Misal Suraj Satish , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Sthool Vijay Atmaram
Pages: 229 - 241
Abstract: The present experiment was carried out at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri for assessment of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties for crop growth, development and yields under various sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone during the Kharif season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25th MW, S2: 26th MW, S3: 27th MW and S4: 28th MW as sub plot treatments. From the result of the study, all the growth attributes were increased with the advancement in age of the groundnut crop. Plant height 35.27 and 33.34 cm, total number branches 11.34 and 10.55, total dry matter accumulation plant-1 34.36 and 32.11 g during both the years of experiment, which were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Among all the sowing windows 26th MW (S2) recorded the highest growth attributes viz., plant height (33.67 and 31.94 cm), total number of branches plant-1 (11.34 and 10.58 g) and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 (34.75 and 32.78 g) during both year of experiment. 26th MW sowing window was at par with the 27th MW sowing window with all growth attributes. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in variety in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Pod yield (27.25 and 28.84 q ha-1) and haulm yield (40.60 and 37.61 q ha-1) was higher in 26th MW sowing window, which were at par with 27th MW sowing window during both the year.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81948
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Impact on Yield Attributes and Yields of Groundnut Varieties under
Different Sowing Windows in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao, Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar , Misal Suraj Satish , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Sthool Vijay Atmaram
Pages: 242 - 251
Abstract: Present experiment was undertaken to study the “Impact of yield attributes and yields of groundnut varieties under different sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone” at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training (CAFT) in Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25rd MW (18th to 24th June), S2: 26th MW (25th June to 01st July), S3: 27th MW (2nd to 8th July) and S4: 28th MW (09th to 15th July) as sub plot treatments. The number of pods plant-1, weight of pods plant-1, 100 kernel weight (g), shelling (%) and yields as influenced by the different treatments were recorded at harvest. Yield contributing characters viz., number of pods-1 (45.25 and 43.29) and weight of pods-1 (12.99 and 13.82) were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas shelling percentage (75.12 and 76.60) were found significantly higher in variety TAG-24 followed by JL-501, JL-776 and RHRG-6083. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Amongst all the groundnut varieties, JL-776 (Phule Bharati) is significantly superior under extended sowing windows followed by varieties RHRG-6083, TAG-24 and JL-501. Sowing during 26th MW was observed to be most suitable and optimum for groundnut considering the growth and yield attributes. This sowing window was at par with 27th MW sowing window.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81949
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Variation of Floristic Diversity along Altitudinal Gradient in Pir Panjal
Forests of North Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Saima Farooq , P. A. Sofi , Nazir A. Pala, Sajad Abdullah Saraf, S. A. Gangoo , Amerjeet Singh , T. H. Masoodi , Bhagyashree Dhekale
Pages: 252 - 264
Abstract: The present study is an attempt to make a floristic inventory in Raithan Range of Pir Panjal Forest Division of, Jammu and Kashmir India. For this purpose, a preliminary study was carried with the aim to know the diversity of flora at different altitudes ranging from 1800-2800m amsl. For study purpose the area was divided into 3 different altitudes viz - 1800m, 2300m and 2800m amsl. The reported results revealed that, a total of 136 species from 58 different families and 113 genera were recorded. Out of 136 species there are 29 tree species (belonging to 16 families), 9 shrub species (6 families), 92 herb species (33 families), 4 climber species (4 families) and 2 fern species (belonging to 2 different families). The Asteraceae and Rosaceae family were dominant in the research area, according to the data. Among different sites in the study area, site 1 (altitudinal range of 1800-2300m) showed maximum diversity of flora represented by 85 species, followed by site 2 (2300-2800m) represented by 71 species and least at site 3 (> 2800m) represented by 49 species. The study is a preliminary one and can be used for management of the species having less population for conservation and sustainable utilization.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81950
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Thermal Indices Requirement of Kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Varieties under Different Sowing Window in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wankhede Sachin Yadavrao , Kharbade Sattappa Bhambhar, Misal Suraj Satish , Jadhav Jaywant Dadaji , Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Sthool Vijay Atmaram
Pages: 265 - 277
Abstract: An agro-meteorological investigation was undertaken during the kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at the Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25rd MW (18th to 24th June), S2: 26th MW (25th June to 01st July), S3: 27th MW (2nd to 8th July) and S4: 28th MW (09th to 15th July). Results showed that the higher GDD was observed in 26th MW sowing window with variety JL-776 (1826 and 1723) and RHRG-6083 (1763 and 1690) followed by variety JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas, higher heat use efficiency (0.088 and 0.100 g/GDD) at peg formation to rapid kernel growth stage was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) with variety JL-776 (V2) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. The highest HTU was observed in 26th MW sowing window in variety JL-776 (8254 and 6924) and RHRG-6083 (8171 and 7074) followed by variety JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas, higher heliothermal use efficiency (0.0200 and 0.0309 g/HTU) at peg formation to rapid kernel growth stage was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) in variety JL-776 (V2) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Higher PTU (4818.42 and 4890.75) was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) in variety JL-776 (V2) this was followed by var. RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24 whereas, higher photothermal use efficiency (0.0284 and 0.293 g/PTU) at physiological maturity was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) with variety JL-776 (V2) followed by variety RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24 during 2017 and 2018, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81951
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Review on Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases by Agronomic Practices towards
Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Okram Ricky Devi , Bibek Laishram, Shobhana Singh , Akash Paul , Hridesh Harsha Sarma , Sarat Sekhar Bora , Sorokhaibam Bijayalakshmi Devi
Pages: 278 - 287
Abstract: Agriculture is one among the sources of greenhouse gas emission in the World. Agriculture, being a prominent source of economic sectors in developing countries its impact on environmental climate changes both directly and indirectly through emission of greenhouse gases. To achieve reduced GHGs emissions in agriculture sector, there is a need to adopt climate smart activities and improved food and nutritional security to ensure a climate-smart sustainable agriculture. This short article explores the key ways to mitigate green house gases emissions in agriculture and critically highlights the potential for bacterial nitrogen fixation in soybean which is a recent approach. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation shows a great potential for GHGs mitigation while supporting the agriculture simultaneously. Other agronomic practices include tillage, residue management, rice field management, climate smart agriculture, organic farming and bio energy etc. This will help the farmers and other stakeholders to bring an environmentally friendly agriculture towards more ecological farming approach for future sustainability.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81952
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of Low Impact Development Practices against
Climate Induced Extreme Floods
Authors: Amrit Babu Ghimire, Mandip Banjara , Amrit Bhusal , Ajay Kalra
Pages: 288 - 303
Abstract: Short but extreme flooding events have been frequent and severe globally due to climate change and urbanization in recent years. Similarly, researchers, scientists, and water managers are suggesting the application of sustainable flood management strategies such as Low Impact Development (LID) to mitigate the impacts of such extreme flooding events. However, most of these strategies have primarily been evaluated using historical precipitation events, which may not accurately represent the impact of climate-induced flooding events, which are projected to become more extreme. In this context, this study assesses the effectiveness of LIDs in combating climate change-induced flooding events. The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) climate model was applied in this study to quantify the magnitude of future projected storm depths, which are expected to increase due to climate change. Similarly, Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) was used to develop a rainfall-runoff simulation model and to assess the effectiveness of three LID techniques (Permeable Pavement, Green Roof, and Bio-Retention Cell) in reducing surface runoff under various climate scenarios. The results revealed that under the climate change scenarios the future projected design depths are expected to increase by up to 104%. Similarly, peak discharge, and total flooding volume were found to increase by 37.72% and 88.73%, respectively under the most extreme climate change scenario. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that applying LID strategies decreases peak discharge, offering a viable solution to tackle flooding events induced by climate change. The results illustrated the performance of permeable pavement was superior in reducing the peak discharge by up to 28.57%. Similarly, applying green roofs and bioretention cells reduced the peak discharge by up to 19.93% and 14.25%, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81953
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Development and Performance Evaluation of Maize Stalk Harvester
Authors: Kamendra, Divakar Chaudhary , Sushil Sharma , Sukhbir Singh
Pages: 304 - 311
Abstract: A power operated maize stalk harvester was designed and developed in the Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan during 2018-19. The objective of this study is to optimize the operational parameters of the maize stalk harvesting by using the RSM techniques. The effects of independent parameters i.e., blade speed (2000, 4000 and 6000 rpm) and stalk moisture content (38, 42 and 46%) on cutting efficiency (%) and fuel consumption (l/h) were studied. To correlate the independent parameters with the dependent parameters, the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) method with a quadratic model was used. The findings indicated that the variations in blade speed and stalk moisture content affected the cutting efficiency (%) and fuel consumption (l/h). To assess the statistical significance of the model, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, which showed good agreement between the experimental data and data predicted by the model. The blade speed of 4000 rpm and stalk moisture content of 46.0% was found to be the optimum for power operated maize stalk harvester with the 96.52% cutting efficiency and 0.72 l/h fuel consumption.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81954
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Biofertilizers and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Vishal, Rajesh Singh
Pages: 312 - 317
Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Influence of Biofertilizers and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)" was conducted during Rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The study included biofertilizers and three levels of Nitrogen (60, 80 and 100 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.0), EC (0.56 dS/m), Organic Carbon (0.62%), Available N (225 kg/ha), Available P (38.2 kg/ha), and Available K (240.7 kg/ha). Application of Azotobacter + Azospirillum and N 100 kg/ha produces higher plant height (95.10 cm), maximum number of tillers/running row meter (72.00) and higher dry weight (25.53g), maximum number of effective tillers/m2 (201.33), maximum number of grains/spike (51.20), higher grain yield (4.34 t/ha), straw yield (5.34 t/ha).
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81955
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- A Review of Soil Preparation for Agriculture
Authors: R. V. Chauhan, N. B. Paramar , G. D. Gohil
Pages: 318 - 323
Abstract: The soil preparation is a plan according to which crops are grown on individual field preparations of a farm during a given period of time with object of obtaining minimizes cost of preparation and higher from each crop without imparting the soil fertility. A soil preparation which can utilize input and other technology available on cultivator, ploughing, levelling etc. should be adopted by the farmer. Thus, soil levelling, land scraping and banding are related to the most profitable use of resources, land, labour, capital and management by the intervention of Artificial Intelligence. In this review article, here trying to cover all challenges faced by farmers by using conventional practices of farming and how Artificial Intelligence is playing a revolutionary role in agriculture by replacing conventional practices of land preparations.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81956
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Remote Sensing as a Management and Monitoring Tool for Agriculture:
Potential Applications
Authors: Atufa Ashraf, Latief Ahmad , Khalid Ferooz , Shazia Ramzan, Ifra Ashraf , Junaid N. Khan , Efath Shehnaz, Mifta Ul-Shafiq, Sabia Akhter , Ambreen Nabi , Rehana Rasool , Shaista Nazir
Pages: 324 - 343
Abstract: Remote sensing technology has revolutionized agriculture management and monitoring by providing valuable information on crop health, soil conditions, weather patterns, and overall land management. The reflectance data are progressively being exploited in agriculture with the momenta gained in ground-based, airborne, and satellite remote sensing. The agriculture systems when managed conventionally don’t facilitate the proper utilization of resources and productivity potential of the soil. However, taking the aid of remote sensing techniques helps in boosting the productivity potential of the soil and optimizing the inputs. This paper aims to review the potential applications of remote sensing in agriculture and its role in improving productivity, resource efficiency, and sustainability. The paper discusses various remote sensing techniques, including satellite imagery, aerial photography, and sensor-based data collection, and their integration with advanced data analysis methods. The applications explored include biomass estimation, yield estimation, global food demand, salinity stress detection, drought monitoring, soil moisture content assessment, and change detection. The paper highlights the benefits and challenges associated with each application and provides insights into future research directions and technology advancements in the field of remote sensing for agriculture.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81957
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Organic Manures and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Economics of
Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
Authors: Buriga Teja Swaroop , Victor Debbarma
Pages: 344 - 351
Abstract: The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022-23 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.62%), available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The treatments consist of organic manures (FYM 10t/ha, Goat manure 1.6t/ha, Poultry manure 1.6t/ha) and foliar spray of zinc (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) at 30, 45 Days after sowing. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. Significant and higher plant height (92.69 cm), maximum number of tillers/ hill (8.40), higher plant dry weight (15.93 g), higher panicle length (15.36 cm), number of grains/ panicle (1262.33), grain yield (2.76 t/ha), straw yield (4.65 t/ha), maximum gross return (INR 78300.00), net return (INR 52670.40) and B:C ratio (2.05) were recorded in treatment 9 with the application of Poultry Manure1.6t/ha along with 0.6% Zinc.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81958
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Assessment of Physical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Coastal
Areas, Ganjam District of Odisha, India
Authors: Sumanjeet Panigrahi , Narendra Swaroop, Arun Alfred David, Tarence Thomas , Satya Ranjan Mohanta
Pages: 352 - 358
Abstract: An investigation was conducted to analyse the physical properties of soils of different blocks of coastal areas of Ganjam district of Odisha. For this purpose, the soil samples were collected at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, from nine different villages of three different blocks of coastal areas, a total of 27 samples collected and analysed for their physical parameter by using standard Laboratory Technique. The result showed that the Soil Texture of Chatrapur, Rangeilunda, and Chikiti block varied from Sandy loam to Sandy clay loam. The Bulk Density reported 1.31-1.36 Mg m-3, Particle Density reported 2.41 to 2.59 Mg m-3, Specific gravity varied from 2.61 to 2.69, Percent of Pore Space varied 44.56 to 48.13 Percent, Water Retaining Capacity ranged 42.98 to 45.92 Percent. Results suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as crop rotation and conservation tillage, which will contribute to maintain the soil physical characteristics to ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of the soil.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81960
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Yield and Economics of Onion as Influenced by Pre and Post Emergence
Herbicdes
Authors: M. Venkateswara Reddy, K. Umajyothi, P. Syam Sundar Reddy, K. Sasikala
Pages: 359 - 364
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa L.) weed interference lowers bulb yield and financial return for onion growers who pay for labour. During the Rabi seasons of 2011–12 and 2012–13, a field experiment was worked out at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Venkataramanagudem, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari District, A.P to examine the effects of pre and post emergence herbicides on the economics of onion cv.N–53. Ten pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments (Pendimethalin, Oxyflourfen, Imazethapyr, and Quizalofopethyle) and their combinations, reproduced in a random block design, made up the experiment. Significantly, T9 (weed free-hand weeding at 30, 60, and 90 DAT) outperformed the other treatments in terms of gross and net returns, which was followed by T8 (Oxyfluorfen 0.125 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofopethyl @ 75g a.i per hectareas POE) and T6 (Pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 a.iper hectare). When compared to T6 (Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.iper hectare as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE), T8 (Oxyfluorfen @ 0.125 kg a.iper hectareas PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE) had a considerably greater B:C ratio. Hand weeding made farming more expensive. This suggested that chemical weed treatment was used to obtain the most profit per acre.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81961
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Vermicompost and Neem Cake with Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth
and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Var. S2-981
Authors: Sourav Suman , Arun Alfred David , Tarence Thomas, Neha Toppo
Pages: 365 - 369
Abstract: Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of chemical fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. Research was conducted by using effective management application of vermicompost and neem cake with inorganic fertilizer with objective to enhance the growth and yield of maize crop. It has been concluded from the trial that the different level of vermicompost and neem cake with inorganic fertilizers in the experiment gave the highest value. Effective results were obtained with T9 treatment with combination vermicompost 10 t ha-1, neem cake 500 kg ha-1 with recommended dose of fertilizer NPK 120: 60: 40 kg hhah ha-1. This treatment result shown best plant height with the most leaves, largest stem diameter, longest cob length, heaviest 1000 seed weight, and highest grain yield in compared with the control treatment T1 had the lowest results in all categories. T9 was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of maize therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of Maize.
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81962
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Studies on the Effect of Different Packaging and Coating Treatment on
Shelf Life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Kali Charan, Saket Mishra , Shashi Kant Ekka , Sunil Manikpuri
Pages: 370 - 383
Abstract: During the academic years, 2023-2024, a study was carried out at the Post Harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, NAI, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with 9 treatments and three replications of different materials such as Honey, Paraffin wax, LDPE Polythene Wrap and KMnO4. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of different coating materials on its physical, quality & organoleptic attributes on its shelf-life. According to the results of the current study, Treatment T8 [KMnO4 (0.1%) + LDPE Polythene Wrap] had the best effects on physical attributes like [0.45 (3 days), 1.25 (6 days), 8.86 (9 days) and 12.12 (12 days)] % physiological weight loss %, [6.45 (3 days), 4.98 (6 days), 3.39 (9 days) and 2.41 (12 days)] kg/cm2 fruit firmness with peel, [5.84 (3 days), 3.8 (6 days), 2.73 (9 days) and 1.5 (12 days)] kg/cm2 fruit firmness without peel, [0.00 (3 days), 0.00 (6 days), 4.94 (9 days) and 23.46 (12 days)] % spoilage and 12.1 days shelf life. It also had significant effects on quality attributes like [7.45 (3 days), 9.12 (6 days), 11.15 (9 days) and 12 (12 days)] ºBrix TSS, [2.25 (3 days), 3.12 (6 days), 4.44 (9 days) and 5.34 (12 days)] pH, [4.46 (3 days), 3.56 (6 days), 2.27 (9 days) and 1.17 (12 days)] % acidity, [4.35 (3 days), 5.85 (6 days), 7.45 (9 days) and 8.27 (12 days)] % Reducing Sugar %, [0.50 (3 days), 1.22 (6 days), 2.12 (9 days) and 2.45 (12 days)] % non-Reducing Sugar %, [4.88 (3 days), 7.13 (6 days), 9.68 (9 days) and 10.85 (12 days)] % Total Sugar %, [34.26 (3 days), 48.12 (6 days), 58.22 (9 days) and 67.41 (12 days)] mg/100g ascorbic acid. Organoleptic attributes like [8.63 (3 days), 9.00 (6 days), 8.66 (9 days) and 7.29 (12 days)] colour and appearance, [9.00 (3 days), 8.85 (6 days), 8.00 (9 days) and 7.25 (12 days)] taste and flavour, [9.00 (3 days), 8.70 (6 days), 8.16 (9 days) and 7.75 (12 days)] aroma and [9.00 (3 days), 9.00 (6 days), 8.67 (9 days) and 7.57 (12 days)] texture were also found best under Treatment T8 [KMnO4 (0.1%) + LDPE Polythene Wrap].
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81963
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of CWSI-Based Irrigation Scheduling on Agronomic Traits (Zea
mays L.) and Sustainable Water Use in Maize
Authors: Alex Immanual Jeyasingh R., Silambarasan Murugan, M. Suguna Devakumari , R. Isaac Manuel
Pages: 384 - 390
Abstract: This study aimed to optimize irrigation scheduling for maize (Zea mays L.) using the crop water stress index (CWSI) to improve water use efficiency and yield. The study was conducted in the South farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022. A randomized block design was used with seven treatments, including a control T1 no irrigation). Irrigation at all critical stages (T2) and other five irrigation treatments (T3 to T7) based on different CWSI values ranging from 0.2 to 1.0. Infrared thermometry was used to measure canopy temperatures for estimating the CWSI. The results showed that irrigation at 0.2 CWSI (T3) had a significant positive effect on kernel and stover yield when compared with all the other treatments during both the seasons, with the highest kernel yield of 7138.83 Kg ha-1 and 8014.8 Kg ha-1, stover yield of 11134 Kg ha-1 and 12765 Kg ha-1, respectively and lowest kernel yield of 2267 Kg ha-1 and 2325 Kg ha-1, stover yield of 8156 Kg ha-1 and 6491 Kg ha-1, respectively. The other treatments had intermediate values and did not show any consistent pattern. Irrigation at 0.2 CWSI resulted in the highest water use efficiency (WUE) of 14.7 Kg ha-cm-1 and 17.6 Kg ha-cm-1, and irrigation usage of 31.73% and 22.26% during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022, respectively and the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) of 7.72 Kg ha-cm-1 and 17.6 Kg ha-cm-1 was found in T7 during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022, respectively. The results suggest that irrigation at 0.2 CWSI could be a promising option for achieving higher kernel and stover yields with minimal water use and maximum WUE and IUE.
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81964
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Bio-fertilizer and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Kabuli
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. var. kabulium)
Authors: Teresha Akancha Minz , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu
Pages: 391 - 395
Abstract: At the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, a field experiment was undertaken during the Rabi season 2022. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam, with a pH of 7.1, low organic carbon (0.28 percent), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha), and available K (213.7 kg/ha). Rhizobium sp (20g/kg seed), PSB (20g/kg seed), and Rhizobium sp + PSB (10g/kg seed + 10g/kg seed) were used as bio-fertilizers, and phosphorus (50 kg P2O5/ha, 60kg P2O5/ha, 70 kg P2O5/ha) were used as fertilizers in 3 levels. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and was repeated three times. The treatment of Rhizobium sp + PSB (10 g/kg seed + 10 g/kg seed) + Phosphorus (70 kg/ha) resulted in the highest plant height (57.67cm) (Treatment-10) recorded in the study. Number of nodules per plant (47.80), plant dry weight (10.32 g/plant), number of pods per plant (30.17), number of seeds per pod (1.65), seed yield (2975.44 kg/ha) and in treatment-8 [Rhizobium sp. + PSB + Phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] stover yield (4080.63 kg/ha) was recoded maximum, were all determined to be significant. The treatment (T10) with the application of Rhizobium sp + PSB (10g/kg seed + 10g/kg seed) + Phosphorus (70 kg/ha) produced the highest gross returns (157698.10 INR/ha), net returns (118348.64 INR/ha), and B:C ratio (3.01).
PubDate: 2023-05-25
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81965
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Monitoring of Melon Fruit Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett Population
using Para-pheromone Traps in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Somashekhar Gaddanakeri , Krishna Rolania , D. S. Duhan
Pages: 396 - 404
Abstract: Investigations were carried out on monitoring of melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) using para-pheromone traps during Kharif, 2018-19 at CCS HAU, Hisar. The incidence of Z. cucurbitae started gradually and increased from 31st to 42nd Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) corresponding to the 1st week of September to 3rd week of October. Higher number of fruit flies (on average 9.5 to 40.5 flies/trap) were recorded in the month of September to first fortnight of October with a peak of 40.5 flies/trap during 37th SMW. Correlation analysis with various weather parameters indicated that maximum temperature (r = 0.611*), morning relative humidity (0.590*) and rainfall (0.747**) had significant positive correlation with trap catch population of melon fruit fly. The present findings also revealed that the influence of all-weather parameters was high and significant on trap catches population of the adult male melon fruit fly (R2=0.76).
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81966
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Consequences of Mulch Practice on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Different
Varieties of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis)
Authors: Shruti Mallikarjun Kolur , Satish S. Patil , S. M. Mantur
Pages: 405 - 411
Abstract: The investigation entitled with ‘Consequences of mulch practice on growth, flowering and yield of different varieties of China aster (Callistephus chinensis)’ were carried out at floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dharwad, Karnataka during the year 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of 20 treatment combinations. Ten china aster varieties, Namdhari Pink (V1), Namdhari White (V2), Arka Kamini (V3), Arka Poornima (V4), Arka Shashank (V5), Phule Ganesh pink (V6), Phule Ganesh Puple (V7), AAC-1(V8), Miraj Local (V9) and Pink Cushion (V10) were planted under black plastic mulch (M2) and without mulch condition (M1). The variety Phule Ganseh Purple under mulched condition (V6M2) registered maximum plant height of 54.03 cm, plant spread of 38.53 cm and number of primary braches 25.46. However, minimum number of days 34.58 and 48.63 days, were recorded in treatment V5M2 (Arka Shashank under mulched condition) for days taken for flower bud initiation, 50 per cent flowering respectively, compared to other treatment combinations. The treatment V8M2 (AAC-1 under mulched condition) was observed with maximum flowering duration (34.26 days). Phule Ganseh Purple under mulch condition (V7M2) and Phule Ganseh Pink under mulch condition (V7M2) recorded maximum flower diameter of 7.47 cm and flower stalk length of 42.77 cm respectively. V7M2 treatment combination recorded highest flower yield (158.76 g) as compared to remaining treatment combinations. The overall experiment resulted that Phule Ganseh Series under black plastic mulch found superior under northern transitional zone of Karnataka.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81967
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Vegetative Propagation of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.): A Review
Authors: T. V. Ravi Teja, Suraj Varma, Vishal Johar, Vikram Singh, M. Venkateshwara Rao
Pages: 412 - 417
Abstract: Vegetative propagation is a fantastic way to improve the quality of the forest tree planting stock. It is often used in seed orchards and clone banks as a method of genotype preservation. Vegetative propagation is the greatest option when low quality seed and poor germination rates limit the availability of planting stock and quality. This review article discusses different vegetative propagation methods, including macro-propagation by cuttings, micropropagation through tissue culture, and grafting. Having insufficient knowledge and experience is the biggest obstacle to employing vegetative propagation. Therefore, an effort was made to outline several techniques together with their history and significance.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81968
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield
of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Lila Ram Chandrawanshi, Rajesh Singh
Pages: 418 - 424
Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Response of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was conducted Response of during the rabi season of 2022 in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.6), EC (0.305 d S/m), organic carbon (0.23%), available N (184.8 kg/ha), available P (16.45 kg/ha) and available K (187.64 kg/ha). Seeds are sown at a spacing of 23 cm × 5 cm to a seed rate of 100 kg/ha. Consisting of three nitrogen levels (45, 60 and 75 kg N/ha) on different Concentration of Boron viz., 1, 1.5 and 3% foliar spray. The experimental result reveals that growth parameters viz., plant height (102 cm), number of tillers/running row meter (95.66), plant dry weight (19.08 g) and Yield attributes viz., No. of effective tillers/m2 (200.33), number of grains/spike (52.60), seed yield (4.81 t/ha) and straw yield (6.48 t/ha) recorded to be significantly higher with treatment 9 (75 kg N/ha + 3% Boron).
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81969
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Effect of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Green Gram Yield in
Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Mathenge Beatrice Mugure , Gathungu Geofrey Kingori , Dennis K. Muriithi
Pages: 425 - 440
Abstract: Globally, green gram is a significant legume particularly in Arid and Semiarid Lands (ASALs), as a source of food, income, and soil enhancement. Despite this importance, green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County is still too low at 560 kg/ha far below the crop’s estimated national potential of 1500 kg/ha and compares unfavorably with the global and national average of 730 kg/ha and 670 kg/ha, respectively. Green gram production is primarily rain-fed and variability in rainfall and temperature affects the ideal conditions favourable for the crop growth. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of rainfall and temperature variability, separately and jointly on green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya for the period 2002-2021. Secondary data on seasonal rainfall, temperature, and green gram yield was collected from the Meteorological Services and County Department of Agriculture. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods by use of coefficient of determination, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analysis. The study found that rainfall variability explained 30.4% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The findings of the model showed that a 1% increase in rainfall in March-April- May (MAM) season increased yield of green gram by 49.3% but no effect was observed in OND (October-November-December) season. Temperature variability explained 28.5% of the variables affecting green gram yield. Further, the model findings revealed that a 1% increase in temperature in OND season decreased yield of green gram by 48.5% and no effect was observed in MAM season. A combination of rainfall and temperature variability explained 34.2% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The model coefficients showed that a 1% increase in rainfall and temperature during the OND season increased yield of green gram by 16.2%. In addition, it was noted that a 1% rise in temperature and rainfall during MAM season reduced the output of green gram by 13.2%. The study concluded that rainfall and temperature had an effect on green gram yield and recommended that green gram farmers need to adapt to the changing climate to lessen the effects of climate change and for sustainable green gram production.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81970
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Comprehensive Review on Origin, Distribution, Micropropagation and
Agronomical Practices of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br
Authors: B. Abdulrazaq , Summer Ragosta , K. B. Vijendrakumar , Shyam Ramakrishnan
Pages: 441 - 454
Abstract: Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. is a medicinal crop that belongs to the Apocynaceae family and occurs throughout Asia, Africa, and Australia. This herb is used in several traditional medicine practices for a wide range of ailments, including in Ayurevda, for its potential to reduce blood glucose levels. It is used as a pharmacological ingredient, mainly for the presence of bioactive phytochemicals such as gurmarin, gymnemic acid, and gymnemasaponins, which have been shown to lower glucose levels. Gymnema sylvestre is also recognized as an important nutritional supplement for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, gastro- and hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, and lipid-lowering properties. The main objective of this study is to have a comprehensive review of Gymnema sylvestre on origin and distribution, germplasm availability, a package of practices and post-harvest practices to increase the area under cultivation of this herb. Despite having a well-developed package of practices, this herb is rarely cultivated and nearly 80% of the required quantities are being collected from wild sources, which will lead to extinction. This study will provide an unabridged repository of references regarding the species for its effective and safe utilization as a "potential medicinal herb" for creating awareness on the use of plant-based medicine.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81971
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Sulphur and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Toria (Brassica
campestris L.)
Authors: Bhawna Soni , Rajesh Singh
Pages: 455 - 460
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Sulphur and Spacing on growth and yield of Toria. The treatments consist of Sulphur 15, 30, 45 kg/ha and Spacing 20×15, 20×20, 25×20 cm. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction pH (7.2) with EC-0.187 (dS/m), low in organic carbon (0.72%) available N (178.48 kg/ha), available P (27.80 kg/ha) and available K (233.24 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (105.93 cm), higher plant dry weight (17.70 g), higher crop growth rate (13.8 g/m2/day), higher number of siliquae/plant (216.19), higher seeds/ siliquae (23.67), higher test weight (3.64 g), higher seed yield (1.76 kg/ha), higher stover yield (3.21 kg/ha) and higher harvest index (35.39%) were significantly influenced with application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha + Spacing 25×20 cm.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81972
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Institutional Solid Waste Management Practices: Case Study of Agriculture
University in Kashmir
Authors: Imtiyaz Jahangir Khan , Showkat Ara , F. A. Lone , Rufaida Mir , Rehana Mohi- Ud-Din , Rayees A. Wani
Pages: 461 - 470
Abstract: This study was carried on solid waste management in Sher-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir. It is noted that the advantages in managing solid waste at institutional level such as university because of its unique characteristics also influences the waste management needs and strategies. This paper outlines findings from a yearlong study through surveys, field investigations, including on-site waste measurements and questionnaire on institutional solid waste management. It was discovered that the waste's content was primarily organic in content, suggesting a strong disposing potential in terms of organic manure or biogas production through scientific digestion and composting. The study revealed that maximum contribution to organic waste in the form of food waste was from messes of the hostels (53.32 T). That can be biodegradable managed and properly disposed, hence make a significant change in the waste management system. Hostels also generate 17.77T of plastic waste annually that needs processing through scientific recycling techniques on sustainable basis. The study found that scientific segregation of trash might significantly improve solid waste management at other universities with a comparable environment.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81973
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- The Lake City of Ganvié in the Face of Environmental Development
Challenges: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Behanzin Précieux Christian, Agbandji Lucien , Hekpazo Patricia , Sainou Jadix , Hounkponou Edouard
Pages: 471 - 486
Abstract: Ganvié is a lake city in Benin, West Africa, known for its unique architecture and culture. However, the city is facing numerous environmental challenges that threaten the livelihoods and culture of its inhabitants. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of the environmental challenges facing Ganvié, their drivers, consequences, existing interventions and policies, and potential solutions. The state of the environment around the city of Ganvié is highly contaminated, due to the various pollutions caused by waste and wastewater, the decomposition of acadjas, petroleum products that spill into the lake during transportation, etc. However, the impacts of climate change, combined with increasing demographic pressure, are threatening the way of life of the inhabitants. Solving these problems will require a combination of community engagement, policy interventions and technological innovations.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81974
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Response of Different Levels of NPK and FYM on Growth and Yield of Cluster
Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. Neelam-61
Authors: Mukesh Kumar Rolaniya , Tarence Thomas , Anurag Kumar Singh
Pages: 487 - 491
Abstract: Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of inorganic fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. A research was conducted during Zaid season 2022 on central research farm of department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, (NAI) SHUATS, Prayagraj. Field trial was designed on Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments. It may be concluded from the trial that the different level of NPK and FYM in the experiment gave the highest value. The best results were obtained with T9 treatment which included (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1). This treatment resulted in the maximum plants height with the most leaves, no. of clusters plant-1, no. of pod cluster-1, no of pod plant-1, length of pod (cm) and highest pod yield. In contrast, the control treatment (T1) had the lowest results in all categories. The available NPK and FYM with the treatment combination of T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1) was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of cluster bean. Therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of cluster bean.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81975
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Growth and Yield Response of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv.
Pusa Navbahar to Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: Virendra Kumar, Ram Bharose, Arun Alfred David , Tarence Thomas , I. Srinath Reddy
Pages: 492 - 496
Abstract: The investigation on cluster bean with application of integrated nutrient management with comprised of 12 treatments with three level of NPK, two levels of PSB and Rhizobium in factorial randomized block design. The treatment T12 has shown the significant results when applied 100% of NPK with PSB and Rhizobium among the different levels of treatment combinations. Growth parameters viz., plant height (90.96 cm), number of nodules plant-1(59.48), number of branches plant-1 (2.66) at 90 DAS (day after sowing), and yield parameters viz., number of clusters plant-1 (14.62), number of pods cluster-1 (13.39), pod length (17.42 cm),pod yield(77.29 q ha-1) has shown best in treatment T12(NPK @100% + PSB @100% + Rhizobium @100%) of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in comparison to other treatment combination.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81976
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
- Influence of Microbial Inoculants and Molybdenum on Yield and Economics of
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Dilip Choudhary , Rajesh Singh , Thakur Indu
Pages: 497 - 501
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to study the influence of microbial inoculants and molybdenum on the yield and economics of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.). The research was carried out at Crop Research Farm, SHUATS, Prayagraj, India in Rabi 2022. The study included biofertilizer and three levels of Molybdenum (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ha). The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with 10 treatments, each replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.8), Organic Carbon (0.43%), Available N (181.58 kg/ha), Available P (15.45 kg/ha), and Available K (197.64 kg/ha). The results indicated that the higher seed yield (1638.35 kg/ha), stover yield (3539.00 kg/ha), gross return (105101.20 INR/ha), net return (71599.20 INR/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.14) were observed in treatment 9, which involved the seed inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB along with the soil application of Molybdenum 1.0 kg/ha.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81977
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2023)
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