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- In Memoriam - Arnett Dennis
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Authors: Andrew Detwiler
PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +000
- Editor's Message - 2023
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Authors: Tom DeFelice
PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +000
- President's Message - 2023
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Authors: Andrew Detwiler
PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +000
- A Laboratory Investigation of the Effects of Pyrotechnic Hygroscopic
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Authors: Cloud Seeding Technologies
Abstract: The article is an examination of an experimental study of the interaction of hygroscopic aerosol particles of various origins, particularly thermocondensation variant and mechanically destroyed (pre-prepared powders), with a warm cloudy environment (T>217K). Depending on the concentration, properties, and spectrum of the aerosol used, as well as the structure of the colloidal cloud medium, the result of the interaction can be a stabilized and/or destabilized form of the latter. Our experimental results have shown no consensus on whether the variant from exposing standard pyrotechnic flares equipped with a composition that generates a hygroscopic-variant aerosol to destabilize the colloidal stability of the cloud media, and, accordingly, can lead to an increase in precipitation. The authors believe this is due to the significant uncertainty in the processes of aerosol formation, both in the process of laboratory experiments and directly during cloud seeding operations.
PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +000
- Warm Fog Elimination by Seeding with Salty Drops: Experiments and Theory
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Authors: Alexander Khain; Mark Pinsky, Ehud Gavze, Ayala Ronen, Smuel Elisha, Ofir Shoshanim, Pavel Khain
Abstract: A method for warm fog elimination by seeding with salty drops was tested in a fog chamber in laboratory experiments, a field experiment, and by a geometrically simple numerical model with an accurate calculation of condensational growth and evaporation of fog droplets and seeding salty drops. The laboratory experiments, conducted in a 3 × 3 × 2.7 m fog chamber, showed an increase in visibility from a few meters to about 100 m in several seconds after seeding. A field experiment in which natural fog was seeded with salty drops ejected for 10 s over an area of 6 × 6 m from heights of 3 and 10 m showed a substantial increase in visibility for about 1.5-2 min. The limited duration of increased visibility was related to the background wind that advected the environmental fog into the seeded area. The numerical model successfully reproduced the laboratory and field experiments’ results. The numerical model was used to analyze optimal seeding regimens and visibility sensitivity to the concentration, size, and salinity of the seeding drops, concentration of the fog droplets, the height of seeding, and other parameters.
PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +000
- On the Implementation of Rain Enhancement Operational Maneuvers using UAS
with Autonomous-Adaptive Technologies-
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Authors: Thomas P. DeFelice
Abstract: The research team implemented a framework involving an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) with atmospheric and cloud microphysical sensing and autonomous adaptive control technologies that searched, identified, performed, monitored and evaluated cloud system candidates for successful cloud seeding operations to enhance precipitation using hygroscopic seeding agents. The implementation featured trials in the U.S. Great Plains area following U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations during a three-week summer field campaign. The trials provide a demonstrated step toward the potential for improved seeding targeting efficiency, and hence improved operational cloud seeding activity effectiveness. The implementation of the integrated UAS provided and exploited the temporal and spatial cloud-scale sensitivities to overcome the operational and natural uncertainties, or sparseness of environmental attributes, needed to increase cloud seeding operational efficiency. The following sections provide some background (Section 2.0), followed by results of the field campaign and their discussion (Section 3.0). Then some closing remarks and a recommendation for future work (Section 4.0).
PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +000
- Editor Message - 2019
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Authors: David J. Delene
PubDate: Wed, 07 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +000
- Editor's Message - 2022
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Authors: Tom DeFelice
PubDate: Wed, 02 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +000
- The Kenya hail suppression program
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Authors: Thomas Henderson
Abstract: Beginning in October 1967, an operational hail suppression program was initiated in an area located some 130 miles northwest of Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa. The project was supported by private companies which have approximately 45,000 acres of select tea in production. Within the operational area, average precipitation is about 71 inches and hail on the ground is experienced on more than 200 days per year. During the period October 1967 through January 1975, silver iodide was applied by aircraft at cloud base in the inflow area identified to be relevant to that volume of cloud which gives birth to, and allows growth of, hailstones. Program design included a rate of silver iodide application sufficient to produce ice nuclei concentrations of 100 - 1,000 per liter effective at -15C within this important hail producing volume of cloud. A total of 1582 operational days and 2,910 seeding flight hours have been logged. More than 5,700 individual cumulus cells have been seeded. In comparisons of hail damage from seeded and non- seeded cumulus developments, the average damage to tea has apparently been reduced by approximately 40%.
- Background and summary information on the Kings River weather modification
program conducted during the 19-year period from 1954 through 1973-
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Authors: Thomas Henderson
Abstract: The Kings River is one of several streams which originates in the high snowfields along the western slope of the Sierra Range in California and flows from its 1600 square mile watershed to the rich San Joaquin Valley. Emerging from the foothills east of Fresno, the total annual flow has ranged from a minimum of less than 400,000 acre feet to a maximum of more than 4,300,000 acre feet. The average for the past 40 years has been approximatel1y, 600,000 acre feet......
- Background and summary information on the Kings River weather modification
program conducted during the 19-year period from 1954 through 1973-
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Authors: Thomas Henderson
Abstract: The Kings River is one of several streams which originates in the high snowfields along the western slope of the Sierra Range in California and flows from its 1600 square mile watershed to the rich San Joaquin Valley. Emerging from the foothills east of Fresno, the total annual flow has ranged from a minimum of less than 400,000 acre feet to a maximum of more than 4,300,000 acre feet. The average for the past 40 years has been approximatel1y, 600,000 acre feet......
- Survey of industry practices in weather modification: preliminary report
of WMA committee on industry practices-
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Authors: Keith Brown; Arnett Dennis, Ronald Lininger
Abstract: Some time ago the Weather Modification Association made a commitment to attempt to determine "industry practice" in the weather modification field. There were a number of reasons for undertaking this study, but one of the major reasons was the federal rule on weather modification reporting. This rule states that if a weather modification activity report indicates a significant departure from practices generally employed in similar circumstances then state officials will be notified. Since these industry practices have never been specified, it is important that the full range of practices be determined......
- Present and future of weather modification: regional issues
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Authors: Stanley Changnon Jr.
Abstract: This paper 1) reviews potential weather modification technologies, 2) speculates about the applicability of these technologies in regions of the United States, and 3) estimates the efforts needed and required to get technologies operationat lhroughout the States.....
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