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- Extremes of surface snow grains change in East Antarctica and their
relationship with meteorological conditions
Abstract: Extremes of surface snow grains change in East Antarctica and their relationship with meteorological conditions
Claudio Stefanini, Giovanni Macelloni, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Vincent Favier, Benjamin Pohl, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-61,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Local and large scale meteorological conditions have been considered in order to explain some peculiar changes of the snow grains on the East Antarctic Plateau from 2000 to 2022, by using remote sensing observations and ERA5 reanalysis. We identified some extreme grain size events on the highest ice divide, results of a combination of low wind speed and low temperature conditions. Moreover, the beginning of the seasonal grain growth has been linked to the occurrence of atmospheric rivers.
PubDate: Tue, 30 May 2023 04:37:29 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-612023
- Consistent histories of anthropogenic western European air pollution
preserved in different Alpine ice cores
Abstract: Consistent histories of anthropogenic western European air pollution preserved in different Alpine ice cores
Anja Eichler, Michel Legrand, Theo M. Jenk, Susanne Preunkert, Camilla Andersson, Sabine Eckhardt, Magnuz Engardt, Andreas Plach, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 17, 2119–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2119-2023, 2023
We investigate how a 250-year history of the emission of air pollutants (major inorganic aerosol constituents, black carbon, and trace species) is preserved in ice cores from four sites in the European Alps. The observed uniform timing in species-dependent longer-term concentration changes reveals that the different ice-core records provide a consistent, spatially representative signal of the pollution history from western European countries.
PubDate: Thu, 25 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2119-2023 2023
- Simulating the Laurentide Ice Sheet of the Last Glacial Maximum
Abstract: Simulating the Laurentide Ice Sheet of the Last Glacial Maximum
Daniel Moreno-Parada, Jorge Alvarez-Solas, Javier Blasco, Marisa Montoya, and Alexander Robinson
The Cryosphere, 17, 2139–2156, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2139-2023, 2023
We have reconstructed the Laurentide Ice Sheet, located in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 years ago). The absence of direct measurements raises a number of uncertainties. Here we study the impact of different physical laws that describe the friction as the ice slides over its base. We found that the Laurentide Ice Sheet is closest to prior reconstructions when the basal friction takes into account whether the base is frozen or thawed during its motion.
PubDate: Thu, 25 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2139-2023 2023
- Forcing and impact of the Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover in
1979–2014
Abstract: Forcing and impact of the Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover in 1979–2014
Guillaume Gastineau, Claude Frankignoul, Yongqi Gao, Yu-Chiao Liang, Young-Oh Kwon, Annalisa Cherchi, Rohit Ghosh, Elisa Manzini, Daniela Matei, Jennifer Mecking, Lingling Suo, Tian Tian, Shuting Yang, and Ying Zhang
The Cryosphere, 17, 2157–2184, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2157-2023, 2023
Snow cover variability is important for many human activities. This study aims to understand the main drivers of snow cover in observations and models in order to better understand it and guide the improvement of climate models and forecasting systems. Analyses reveal a dominant role for sea surface temperature in the Pacific. Winter snow cover is also found to have important two-way interactions with the troposphere and stratosphere. No robust influence of the sea ice concentration is found.
PubDate: Thu, 25 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2157-2023 2023
- An evaluation of a physics-based firn model and a semi-empirical firn
model across the Greenland Ice Sheet (1980–2020)
Abstract: An evaluation of a physics-based firn model and a semi-empirical firn model across the Greenland Ice Sheet (1980–2020)
Megan Thompson-Munson, Nander Wever, C. Max Stevens, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, and Brooke Medley
The Cryosphere, 17, 2185–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2185-2023, 2023
To better understand the Greenland Ice Sheet’s firn layer and its ability to buffer sea level rise by storing meltwater, we analyze firn density observations and output from two firn models. We find that both models, one physics-based and one semi-empirical, simulate realistic density and firn air content when compared to observations. The models differ in their representation of firn air content, highlighting the uncertainty in physical processes and the paucity of deep-firn measurements.
PubDate: Thu, 25 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2185-2023 2023
- Representation of soil hydrology in permafrost regions may explain large
part of inter-model spread in simulated Arctic and subarctic climate
Abstract: Representation of soil hydrology in permafrost regions may explain large part of inter-model spread in simulated Arctic and subarctic climate
Philipp de Vrese, Goran Georgievski, Jesus Fidel Gonzalez Rouco, Dirk Notz, Tobias Stacke, Norman Julius Steinert, Stiig Wilkenskjeld, and Victor Brovkin
The Cryosphere, 17, 2095–2118, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2095-2023, 2023
The current generation of Earth system models exhibits large inter-model differences in the simulated climate of the Arctic and subarctic zone. We used an adapted version of the Max Planck Institute (MPI) Earth System Model to show that differences in the representation of the soil hydrology in permafrost-affected regions could help explain a large part of this inter-model spread and have pronounced impacts on important elements of Earth systems as far to the south as the tropics.
PubDate: Tue, 23 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2095-2023 2023
- Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland
Abstract: Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland
Bernd Etzelmüller, Ketil Isaksen, Justyna Czekirda, Sebastian Westermann, Christin Hilbich, and Christian Hauck
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-50,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Permafrost (permanently frozen ground) is widespread in the mountains of Norway and Iceland. Several boreholes were drilled after 1999 for long-term permafrost monitoring. We document an unprecedented warming of permafrost, including the development of unfrozen bodies in the permafrost. Warming and degradation of mountain permafrost may lead to more natural hazards.
PubDate: Tue, 23 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-502023
- Dynamical response of the southwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet to rapid
Bølling-Allerød warming
Abstract: Dynamical response of the southwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet to rapid Bølling-Allerød warming
Sophie L. Norris, Martin Margold, David J. A. Evans, Nigel Atkinson, and Duane G. Froese
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-73,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
The transition from last glacial to interglacial was a period of abrupt climatic change. Here we reconstruct the behaviour of the southwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet, which covered large parts of the Canadian Prairies, during this transition using detailed landform mapping. Our reconstruction depicts three shifts in the ice sheet’s dynamics. We attribute these changes to abrupt climatic change and also consider the role of regional lithology and topography in controlling the ice sheet’s dynamics.
PubDate: Mon, 22 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-732023
- Using specularity content to evaluate five geothermal heat flux maps of
Totten Glacier
Abstract: Using specularity content to evaluate five geothermal heat flux maps of Totten Glacier
Yan Huang, Liyun Zhao, Yiliang Ma, Michael Wolovick, and John C. Moore
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-58,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 1 comment)
Geothermal heat flux (GHF) is an important factor affecting the basal thermal environment of an ice sheet and crucial for its dynamics. But it is poorly defined for the Antarctic ice sheet. We simulate the basal temperature and basal melting rate with five different GHF datasets. We use specularity content as a two-sided constraint to discriminate between local wet or dry basal conditions. Two medium magnitude GHF distribution maps rank best, showing that most of the inland bed area is frozen.
PubDate: Mon, 22 May 2023 00:16:16 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-582023
- Spatial characteristics of frazil streaks in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya
from high-resolution visible satellite imagery
Abstract: Spatial characteristics of frazil streaks in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya from high-resolution visible satellite imagery
Katarzyna Bradtke and Agnieszka Herman
The Cryosphere, 17, 2073–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2073-2023, 2023
The frazil streaks are one of the visible signs of complex interactions between the mixed-layer dynamics and the forming sea ice. Using high-resolution visible satellite imagery we characterize their spatial properties, relationship with the meteorological forcing, and role in modifying wind-wave growth in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya. We provide a simple statistical tool for estimating the extent and ice coverage of the region of high ice production under given wind speed and air temperature.
PubDate: Wed, 17 May 2023 22:10:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2073-2023 2023
- Investigating the spatial representativeness of Antarctic ice cores: A
comparison of ice core and radar-derived surface mass balance
Abstract: Investigating the spatial representativeness of Antarctic ice cores: A comparison of ice core and radar-derived surface mass balance
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Hugues Goosse, Kenichi Matsuoka, Sarah Wauthy, Vikram Goel, Rahul Dey, Bhanu Pratap, Brice Van Liefferinge, Thamban Meloth, and Jean-Louis Tison
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-65,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
The net accumulation of snow over Antarctica is key for assessing current and future sea-level rise. Ice cores record a noisy snowfall signal to verify model simulations. We find that ice core net snowfall is biased to lower values for ice rises and the Dome Fuji site (Antarctica), while the relative uncertainty in measuring snowfall increases rapidly with distance away from the ice core sites at the ice rises but not at Dome Fuji. Spatial variation in snowfall must therefore be considered.
PubDate: Wed, 17 May 2023 22:10:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-652023
- Change in Antarctic ice shelf area from 2009 to 2019
Abstract: Change in Antarctic ice shelf area from 2009 to 2019
Julia R. Andreasen, Anna E. Hogg, and Heather L. Selley
The Cryosphere, 17, 2059–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2059-2023, 2023
There are few long-term, high spatial resolution observations of ice shelf change in Antarctica over the past 3 decades. In this study, we use high spatial resolution observations to map the annual calving front location on 34 ice shelves around Antarctica from 2009 to 2019 using satellite data. The results provide a comprehensive assessment of ice front migration across Antarctica over the last decade.
PubDate: Tue, 16 May 2023 22:10:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2059-2023 2023
- Brief communication: Non-linear sensitivity of glacier mass balance to
climate attested by temperature-index models
Abstract: Brief communication: Non-linear sensitivity of glacier mass balance to climate attested by temperature-index models
Christian Vincent and Emmanuel Thibert
The Cryosphere, 17, 1989–1995, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1989-2023, 2023
Temperature-index models have been widely used for glacier mass projections in the future. The ability of these models to capture non-linear responses of glacier mass balance (MB) to high deviations in air temperature and solid precipitation has recently been questioned by mass balance simulations employing advanced machine-learning techniques. Here, we confirmed that temperature-index models are capable of detecting non-linear responses of glacier MB to temperature and precipitation changes.
PubDate: Fri, 12 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-1989-2023 2023
- Estimating snow accumulation and ablation with L-band interferometric
synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)
Abstract: Estimating snow accumulation and ablation with L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)
Jack Tarricone, Ryan W. Webb, Hans-Peter Marshall, Anne W. Nolin, and Franz J. Meyer
The Cryosphere, 17, 1997–2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023, 2023
Mountain snowmelt provides water for billions of people across the globe. Despite its importance, we cannot currently measure the amount of water in mountain snowpacks from satellites. In this research, we test the ability of an experimental snow remote sensing technique from an airplane in preparation for the same sensor being launched on a future NASA satellite. We found that the method worked better than expected for estimating important snowpack properties.
PubDate: Fri, 12 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023 2023
- A field study on ice melting and breakup in a boreal lake,
Pääjärvi, in Finland
Abstract: A field study on ice melting and breakup in a boreal lake, Pääjärvi, in Finland
Yaodan Zhang, Marta Fregona, John Loehr, Joonatan Ala-Könni, Shuang Song, Matti Leppäranta, and Zhijun Li
The Cryosphere, 17, 2045–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2045-2023, 2023
There are few detailed studies during the ice decay period, primarily because in situ observations during decay stages face enormous challenges due to safety issues. In the present work, ice monitoring was based on foot, hydrocopter, and boat to get a full time series of the evolution of ice structure and geochemical properties. We argue that the rapid changes in physical and geochemical properties of ice have an important influence on regional climate and the ecological environment under ice.
PubDate: Fri, 12 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2045-2023 2023
- Chemical and visual characterisation of EGRIP glacial ice and cloudy bands
within
Abstract: Chemical and visual characterisation of EGRIP glacial ice and cloudy bands within
Nicolas Stoll, Julien Westhoff, Pascal Bohleber, Anders Svensson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Carlo Barbante, and Ilka Weikusat
The Cryosphere, 17, 2021–2043, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2021-2023, 2023
Impurities in polar ice play a role regarding its climate signal and internal deformation. We bridge different scales using different methods to investigate ice from the Last Glacial Period derived from the EGRIP ice core in Greenland. We characterise different types of cloudy bands, i.e. frequently occurring milky layers in the ice, and analyse their chemistry with Raman spectroscopy and 2D imaging. We derive new insights into impurity localisation and deposition conditions.
PubDate: Fri, 12 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-2021-2023 2023
- Impact of time-dependent data assimilation on ice flow model
initialization: A case study of Kjer Glacier, Greenland
Abstract: Impact of time-dependent data assimilation on ice flow model initialization: A case study of Kjer Glacier, Greenland
Youngmin Choi, Helene Seroussi, Mathieu Morlighem, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, and Alex Gardner
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-64,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Ice sheet models are often initialized using present-day conditions, but these methods have limitations in capturing the transient evolution of the system. We used time-dependent data assimilation to better capture the acceleration of Kjer Glacier in West Greenland. We compared snapshot and transient inverse methods and found that transient-calibrated simulations better capture past trends and reproduce changes after the calibration period, even with limited observations.
PubDate: Thu, 11 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-642023
- Impact of atmospheric forcing uncertainties on Arctic and Antarctic sea
ice simulations in CMIP6 OMIP models
Abstract: Impact of atmospheric forcing uncertainties on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice simulations in CMIP6 OMIP models
Xia Lin, François Massonnet, Thierry Fichefet, and Martin Vancoppenolle
The Cryosphere, 17, 1935–1965, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1935-2023, 2023
This study provides clues on how improved atmospheric reanalysis products influence sea ice simulations in ocean–sea ice models. The summer ice concentration simulation in both hemispheres can be improved with changed surface heat fluxes. The winter Antarctic ice concentration and the Arctic drift speed near the ice edge and the ice velocity direction simulations are improved with changed wind stress. The radiation fluxes and winds in atmospheric reanalyses are crucial for sea ice simulations.
PubDate: Wed, 10 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-1935-2023 2023
- A model of the weathering crust and microbial activity on an ice-sheet
surface
Abstract: A model of the weathering crust and microbial activity on an ice-sheet surface
Tilly Woods and Ian J. Hewitt
The Cryosphere, 17, 1967–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1967-2023, 2023
Solar radiation causes melting at and just below the surface of the Greenland ice sheet, forming a porous surface layer known as the weathering crust. The weathering crust is home to many microbes, and the growth of these microbes is linked to the melting of the weathering crust and vice versa. We use a mathematical model to investigate what controls the size and structure of the weathering crust, the number of microbes within it, and its sensitivity to climate change.
PubDate: Wed, 10 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-1967-2023 2023
- Measurement of Ice Shelf Rift Width with ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry:
Automation, Validation, and the behavior of Halloween Crack, Brunt Ice
Shelf, East Antarctica
Abstract: Measurement of Ice Shelf Rift Width with ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry: Automation, Validation, and the behavior of Halloween Crack, Brunt Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Ashley Morris, Bradley P. Lipovsky, Catherine C. Walker, and Oliver J. Marsh
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-63,2023
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Floating ice shelves hold back Antarctic ice flow, but they are thinning and retreating. To help predict future mass loss we need a better understanding of the behavior of the rifts from which icebergs detach. We automate rift width measurement using surface elevation data from the ICESat-2 laser altimetry satellite, and validate using satellite images and GPS receivers placed around the "Halloween Crack" on Brunt Ice Shelf. We find rift opening stagnated following calving from an adjacent rift.
PubDate: Wed, 10 May 2023 21:42:33 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2023-632023
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