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- High nitrate variability on an Alaskan permafrost hillslope dominated by
alder shrubs
Abstract: High nitrate variability on an Alaskan permafrost hillslope dominated by alder shrubs
Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Brent D. Newman, Verity G. Salmon, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Cathy J. Wilson, Sanna Sevanto, Nathan A. Wales, George B. Perkins, Oana C. Marina, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 16, 1889–1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, 2022
Degrading permafrost and shrub expansion are critically important to tundra biogeochemistry. We observed significant variability in soil pore water NO3-N in an alder-dominated permafrost hillslope in Alaska. Proximity to alder shrubs and the presence or absence of topographic gradients and precipitation events strongly influence NO3-N availability and mobility. The highly dynamic nature of labile N on small spatiotemporal scales has implications for nutrient responses to a warming Arctic.
PubDate: Thu, 19 May 2022 00:07:55 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022 2022
- The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the
Antarctic snowpack
Abstract: The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack
Ghislain Picard, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Alison F. Banwell, Ludovic Brucker, and Giovanni Macelloni
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-85,2022
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Using a snowpack radiative transfer model, we investigate in which conditions meltwater can be detected from passive microwave satellite observations from 1.4 to 37 GHz. In particular, we determine the minimum detectable liquid water content, the maximum depth of detection of a buried wet snow layer and the risk of false alarm due to supraglacial lakes. These results provide information for the developers of new, more advanced satellite melt products, and for the users of the existing products.
PubDate: Thu, 19 May 2022 00:07:55 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2022-852022
- Inter-comparison and evaluation of Arctic sea ice type products
Abstract: Inter-comparison and evaluation of Arctic sea ice type products
Yufang Ye, Yanbing Luo, Yan Sun, Mohammed Shokr, Signe Aaboe, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Fengming Hui, Xiao Cheng, and Zhuoqi Chen
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-95,2022
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Arctic sea ice type (SIT) variation is a sensitive indicator of climate change. This study gives systematic inter-comparison and evaluation of nine SIT products. Main results include: 1) Differences of various SIT products can be significant, with daily Arctic multiyear ice extent up to 4.5 × 106 km2; 2) Ku-band scatterometer SIT productsgenerally perform better; 3) Factors such as satellite inputs, classification methods, training datasets and post-processings highly impact their performances.
PubDate: Thu, 19 May 2022 00:07:55 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2022-952022
- On the periodicity of free oscillations for a finite ice column
Abstract: On the periodicity of free oscillations for a finite ice column
Daniel Moreno, Alexander Robinson, Marisa Montoya, and Jorge Alvarez-Solas
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-97,2022
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Our study tries to understand how the ice temperature evolves in a large mass as in the case of Antarctica. We found a relation that tells us the ice temperature at any point. These results are important because they also determine how the ice moves. In general, ice moves due to slow deformation (as if pouring honey from a jar). Nevertheless, in some regions the ice base warms enough and melts. The liquid water then serves as lubricant and the ice slides and its velocity increases rapidly.
PubDate: Thu, 19 May 2022 00:07:55 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2022-972022
- The sensitivity of landfast sea ice to atmospheric forcing in
single-column model simulations: a case study at Zhongshan Station,
Antarctica
Abstract: The sensitivity of landfast sea ice to atmospheric forcing in single-column model simulations: a case study at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica
Fengguan Gu, Qinghua Yang, Frank Kauker, Changwei Liu, Guanghua Hao, Chao-Yuan Yang, Jiping Liu, Petra Heil, Xuewei Li, and Bo Han
The Cryosphere, 16, 1873–1887, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1873-2022, 2022
The sea ice thickness was simulated by a single-column model and compared with in situ observations obtained off Zhongshan Station in the Antarctic. It is shown that the unrealistic precipitation in the atmospheric forcing data leads to the largest bias in sea ice thickness and snow depth modeling. In addition, the increasing snow depth gradually inhibits the growth of sea ice associated with thermal blanketing by the snow.
PubDate: Tue, 17 May 2022 00:07:55 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1873-2022 2022
- Towards accurate quantification of ice content in permafrost of the
Central Andes – Part 1: Geophysics-based estimates from three different
regions
Abstract: Towards accurate quantification of ice content in permafrost of the Central Andes – Part 1: Geophysics-based estimates from three different regions
Christin Hilbich, Christian Hauck, Coline Mollaret, Pablo Wainstein, and Lukas U. Arenson
The Cryosphere, 16, 1845–1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1845-2022, 2022
In view of water scarcity in the Andes, the significance of permafrost as a future water resource is often debated focusing on satellite-detected features such as rock glaciers. We present data from> 50 geophysical surveys in Chile and Argentina to quantify the ground ice volume stored in various permafrost landforms, showing that not only rock glacier but also non-rock-glacier permafrost contains significant ground ice volumes and is relevant when assessing the hydrological role of permafrost.
PubDate: Tue, 17 May 2022 00:07:55 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1845-2022 2022
- Kara and Barents sea ice thickness estimation based on CryoSat-2 radar
altimeter and Sentinel-1 dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar
Abstract: Kara and Barents sea ice thickness estimation based on CryoSat-2 radar altimeter and Sentinel-1 dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar
Juha Karvonen, Eero Rinne, Heidi Sallila, Petteri Uotila, and Marko Mäkynen
The Cryosphere, 16, 1821–1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1821-2022, 2022
We propose a method to provide sea ice thickness (SIT) estimates over a test area in the Arctic utilizing radar altimeter (RA) measurement lines and C-band SAR imagery. The RA data are from CryoSat-2, and SAR imagery is from Sentinel-1. By combining them we get a SIT grid covering the whole test area instead of only narrow measurement lines from RA. This kind of SIT estimation can be extended to cover the whole Arctic (and Antarctic) for operational SIT monitoring.
PubDate: Fri, 13 May 2022 11:07:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1821-2022 2022
- Comment on: Macroscopic water vapor diffusion is not enhanced in snow
Abstract: Comment on: Macroscopic water vapor diffusion is not enhanced in snow
Andrew Hansen
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-83,2022
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
This paper shows that mass transfer in a layered ice/humid air microstructure resulting from the synchronous sublimation and deposition of water vapor across ice grains, known as hand-to-hand water vapor transport, leads to enhanced mass diffusion. Hand-to-hand mass transport modeling has been criticized as being "not physical." The paper presents an entirely different approach to diffusion by showing diffusion enhancement can be predicted with no reference to hand-to-hand vapor transport.
PubDate: Fri, 13 May 2022 11:07:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2022-832022
- An evaluation of Antarctic sea-ice thickness from the Global Ice-Ocean
Modeling and Assimilation System based on in situ and satellite
observations
Abstract: An evaluation of Antarctic sea-ice thickness from the Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System based on in situ and satellite observations
Sutao Liao, Hao Luo, Jinfei Wang, Qian Shi, Jinlun Zhang, and Qinghua Yang
The Cryosphere, 16, 1807–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1807-2022, 2022
The Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (GIOMAS) can basically reproduce the observed variability in Antarctic sea-ice volume and its changes in the trend before and after 2013, and it underestimates Antarctic sea-ice thickness (SIT) especially in deformed ice zones. Assimilating additional sea-ice observations with advanced assimilation methods may result in a more accurate estimation of Antarctic SIT.
PubDate: Wed, 11 May 2022 11:07:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1807-2022 2022
- Surface melt on the Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
(2003–2021)
Abstract: Surface melt on the Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica (2003–2021)
Dominic Saunderson, Andrew Mackintosh, Felicity McCormack, Richard Selwyn Jones, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-94,2022
Preprint under review for TC (discussion: open, 0 comments)
We investigate the variability of surface melt on the Shackleton Ice Shelf in East Antarctica over the last two decades (2003–2021). We use daily satellite observations and a machine learning approach called a self-organising map to identify nine common spatial patterns of melt. These patterns allow comparisons of melt within and across melt seasons, and highlight the importance of local controls such as topography, katabatic winds, and albedo on driving surface melt.
PubDate: Wed, 11 May 2022 11:07:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2022-942022
- Brief communication: A framework to classify glaciers for water resource
evaluation and management in the Southern Andes
Abstract: Brief communication: A framework to classify glaciers for water resource evaluation and management in the Southern Andes
Nicole Schaffer and Shelley MacDonell
The Cryosphere, 16, 1779–1791, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1779-2022, 2022
Over the last 2 decades the importance of Andean glaciers, particularly as water resources, has been recognized in both scientific literature and the public sphere. This has led to the inclusion of glaciers in environmental impact assessment and the development of glacier protection laws. We propose three categories that group glaciers based on their environmental sensitivity to hopefully help facilitate the effective application of these measures and evaluation of water resources in general.
PubDate: Tue, 10 May 2022 11:07:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1779-2022 2022
- Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a
shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate
Abstract: Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate
Wenfeng Huang, Wen Zhao, Cheng Zhang, Matti Leppäranta, Zhijun Li, Rui Li, and Zhanjun Lin
The Cryosphere, 16, 1793–1806, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022, 2022
Thermal regimes of seasonally ice-covered lakes in an arid region like Central Asia are not well constrained despite the unique climate. We observed annual and seasonal dynamics of thermal stratification and energetics in a shallow arid-region lake. Strong penetrated solar radiation and high water-to-ice heat flux are the predominant components in water heat balance. The under-ice stratification and convection are jointly governed by the radiative penetration and salt rejection during freezing.
PubDate: Tue, 10 May 2022 11:07:51 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 2022
- Polarimetric radar reveals the spatial distribution of ice fabric at domes
and divides in East Antarctica
Abstract: Polarimetric radar reveals the spatial distribution of ice fabric at domes and divides in East Antarctica
M. Reza Ershadi, Reinhard Drews, Carlos Martín, Olaf Eisen, Catherine Ritz, Hugh Corr, Julia Christmann, Ole Zeising, Angelika Humbert, and Robert Mulvaney
The Cryosphere, 16, 1719–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1719-2022, 2022
Radio waves transmitted through ice split up and inform us about the ice sheet interior and orientation of single ice crystals. This can be used to infer how ice flows and improve projections on how it will evolve in the future. Here we used an inverse approach and developed a new algorithm to infer ice properties from observed radar data. We applied this technique to the radar data obtained at two EPICA drilling sites, where ice cores were used to validate our results.
PubDate: Fri, 06 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1719-2022 2022
- Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to
the regional scale: an application to High Mountain Asia
Abstract: Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: an application to High Mountain Asia
Loris Compagno, Matthias Huss, Evan Stewart Miles, Michael James McCarthy, Harry Zekollari, Amaury Dehecq, Francesca Pellicciotti, and Daniel Farinotti
The Cryosphere, 16, 1697–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022, 2022
We present a new approach for modelling debris area and thickness evolution. We implement the module into a combined mass-balance ice-flow model, and we apply it using different climate scenarios to project the future evolution of all glaciers in High Mountain Asia. We show that glacier geometry, volume, and flow velocity evolve differently when modelling explicitly debris cover compared to glacier evolution without the debris-cover module, demonstrating the importance of accounting for debris.
PubDate: Fri, 06 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022 2022
- Divergence of apparent and intrinsic snow albedo over a season at a
sub-alpine site with implications for remote sensing
Abstract: Divergence of apparent and intrinsic snow albedo over a season at a sub-alpine site with implications for remote sensing
Edward H. Bair, Jeff Dozier, Charles Stern, Adam LeWinter, Karl Rittger, Alexandria Savagian, Timbo Stillinger, and Robert E. Davis
The Cryosphere, 16, 1765–1778, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1765-2022, 2022
Understanding how snow and ice reflect solar radiation (albedo) is important for global climate. Using high-resolution topography, darkening from surface roughness (apparent albedo) is separated from darkening by the composition of the snow (intrinsic albedo). Intrinsic albedo is usually greater than apparent albedo, especially during melt. Such high-resolution topography is often not available; thus the use of a shade component when modeling mixtures is advised.
PubDate: Fri, 06 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1765-2022 2022
- Synoptic control over winter snowfall variability observed in a remote
site of Apennine Mountains (Italy), 1884–2015
Abstract: Synoptic control over winter snowfall variability observed in a remote site of Apennine Mountains (Italy), 1884–2015
Vincenzo Capozzi, Carmela De Vivo, and Giorgio Budillon
The Cryosphere, 16, 1741–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1741-2022, 2022
This work documents the snowfall variability observed from late XIX century to recent years in Montevergine (southern Italy) and discusses its relationship with large-scale atmospheric circulation. The main results lie in the absence of a trend until mid-1970s, in the strong reduction of the snowfall quantity and frequency from mid-1970s to 1990s and in the increase of both variables from early 2000s. In the past 50 years, the nivometric regime has been strongly modulated by AO and NAO indices.
PubDate: Fri, 06 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1741-2022 2022
- Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers
in the Central and Eastern Himalaya
Abstract: Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya
Stefan Fugger, Catriona L. Fyffe, Simone Fatichi, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Thomas E. Shaw, Baohong Ding, Wei Yang, Patrick Wagnon, Walter Immerzeel, Qiao Liu, and Francesca Pellicciotti
The Cryosphere, 16, 1631–1652, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022, 2022
The monsoon is important for the shrinking and growing of glaciers in the Himalaya during summer. We calculate the melt of seven glaciers in the region using a complex glacier melt model and weather data. We find that monsoonal weather affects glaciers that are covered with a layer of rocky debris and glaciers without such a layer in different ways. It is important to take so-called turbulent fluxes into account. This knowledge is vital for predicting the future of the Himalayan glaciers.
PubDate: Thu, 05 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022 2022
- Comparison of ice dynamics using full-Stokes and Blatter–Pattyn
approximation: application to the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Abstract: Comparison of ice dynamics using full-Stokes and Blatter–Pattyn approximation: application to the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Martin Rückamp, Thomas Kleiner, and Angelika Humbert
The Cryosphere, 16, 1675–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1675-2022, 2022
We present a comparative modelling study between the full-Stokes (FS) and Blatter–Pattyn (BP) approximation applied to the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. Both stress regimes are implemented in one single ice sheet code to eliminate numerical issues. The simulations unveil minor differences in the upper ice stream but become considerable at the grounding line of the 79° North Glacier. Model differences are stronger for a power-law friction than a linear friction law.
PubDate: Thu, 05 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1675-2022 2022
- The effect of changing sea ice on wave climate trends along Alaska's
central Beaufort Sea coast
Abstract: The effect of changing sea ice on wave climate trends along Alaska's central Beaufort Sea coast
Kees Nederhoff, Li Erikson, Anita Engelstad, Peter Bieniek, and Jeremy Kasper
The Cryosphere, 16, 1609–1629, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1609-2022, 2022
Diminishing sea ice is impacting waves across the Arctic region. Recent work shows the effect of the sea ice on offshore waves; however, effects within the nearshore are less known. This study characterizes the wave climate in the central Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska. We show that the reduction of sea ice correlates strongly with increases in the average and extreme waves. However, found trends deviate from offshore, since part of the increase in energy is dissipated before reaching the shore.
PubDate: Thu, 05 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1609-2022 2022
- Network connectivity between the winter Arctic Oscillation and summer sea
ice in CMIP6 models and observations
Abstract: Network connectivity between the winter Arctic Oscillation and summer sea ice in CMIP6 models and observations
William Gregory, Julienne Stroeve, and Michel Tsamados
The Cryosphere, 16, 1653–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1653-2022, 2022
This research was conducted to better understand how coupled climate models simulate one of the large-scale interactions between the atmosphere and Arctic sea ice that we see in observational data, the accurate representation of which is important for producing reliable forecasts of Arctic sea ice on seasonal to inter-annual timescales. With network theory, this work shows that models do not reflect this interaction well on average, which is likely due to regional biases in sea ice thickness.
PubDate: Thu, 05 May 2022 20:08:57 +020
DOI: 10.5194/tc-16-1653-2022 2022
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