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- Is a more physical representation of aerosol activation needed for
simulations of fog'
Abstract: Is a more physical representation of aerosol activation needed for simulations of fog'
Craig Poku, Andrew N. Ross, Adrian A. Hill, Alan M. Blyth, and Ben Shipway
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7271–7292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7271-2021, 2021
We present a new aerosol activation scheme suitable for modelling both fog and convective clouds. Most current activation schemes are designed for convective clouds, and we demonstrate that using them to model fog can negatively impact its life cycle. Our scheme has been used to model an observed fog case in the UK, where we demonstrate that a more physically based representation of aerosol activation is required to capture the transition to a deeper layer – more in line with observations.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Measurement report: Fourteen months of real-time characterisation of the
submicronic aerosol and its atmospheric dynamics at the
Marseille–Longchamp supersite
Abstract: Measurement report: Fourteen months of real-time characterisation of the submicronic aerosol and its atmospheric dynamics at the Marseille–Longchamp supersite
Benjamin Chazeau, Brice Temime-Roussel, Grégory Gille, Boualem Mesbah, Barbara D'Anna, Henri Wortham, and Nicolas Marchand
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7293–7319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7293-2021, 2021
The temporal trends in the chemical composition and particle number of the submicron aerosols in a Mediterranean city, Marseille, are investigated over 14 months. Fifteen days were found to exceed the WHO PM2.5 daily limit (25 µg m−3) only during the cold period, with two distinct origins: local pollution events with an increased fraction of the carbonaceous fraction due to domestic wood burning and long-range pollution events with a high level of oxygenated organic aerosol and ammonium nitrate.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Complex refractive indices in the ultraviolet and visible spectral region
for highly absorbing non-spherical biomass burning aerosol
Abstract: Complex refractive indices in the ultraviolet and visible spectral region for highly absorbing non-spherical biomass burning aerosol
Caroline C. Womack, Katherine M. Manfred, Nicholas L. Wagner, Gabriela Adler, Alessandro Franchin, Kara D. Lamb, Ann M. Middlebrook, Joshua P. Schwarz, Charles A. Brock, Steven S. Brown, and Rebecca A. Washenfelder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7235–7252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7235-2021, 2021
Microscopic particles interact with sunlight and affect the earth's climate in ways that are not fully understood. Aerosols from wildfire smoke present particular challenges due to their complexity in shape and composition. We demonstrate that we can experimentally measure aerosol optical properties for many types of smoke particles, using measurements of smoke from controlled burns, but that the method does not work well for smoke with high soot content.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Analysis of CO2 spatio-temporal variations in China using a
weather–biosphere online coupled model
Abstract: Analysis of CO2 spatio-temporal variations in China using a weather–biosphere online coupled model
Xinyi Dong, Man Yue, Yujun Jiang, Xiao-Ming Hu, Qianli Ma, Jingjiao Pu, and Guangqiang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7217–7233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7217-2021, 2021
The dynamics of CO2 has received considerable attention in the literature, yet uncertainties remain. We applied an online coupled weather-biosphere model to simulate biosphere processes and meteorology simultaneously to characterize CO2 dynamics in China. Anthropogenic emission was more influential in upper air, and the biosphere flux played a more important role in surface CO2, suggesting a significant influence of the boundary layer thermal structure on the accumulation and depletion of CO2.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Source apportionment of fine organic carbon at an urban site of Beijing
using a chemical mass balance model
Abstract: Source apportionment of fine organic carbon at an urban site of Beijing using a chemical mass balance model
Jingsha Xu, Di Liu, Xuefang Wu, Tuan V. Vu, Yanli Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Bo Zheng, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7321–7341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, 2021
Source apportionment of fine aerosols in an urban site of Beijing used a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Seven primary sources (industrial/residential coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, cooking and vegetative detritus) explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. CMB was found to resolve more primary OA sources than AMS-PMF, but the latter apportioned more secondary OA sources.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Spatial and temporal changes of the ozone sensitivity in China based on
satellite and ground-based observations
Abstract: Spatial and temporal changes of the ozone sensitivity in China based on satellite and ground-based observations
Wannan Wang, Ronald van der A, Jieying Ding, Michiel van Weele, and Tianhai Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7253–7269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7253-2021, 2021
We developed a method to determine the type of photochemical regime of ozone formation by using only satellite observations of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide as well as ozone measurements on the ground. It was found that many cities in China, because of their high level of air pollution, are in the so-called VOC-limited photochemical regime. This means that the current reductions of nitrogen dioxide resulted in higher levels of photochemical smog in these cities.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Modeled changes in source contributions of particulate matter during the
COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Abstract: Modeled changes in source contributions of particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Jinlong Ma, Juanyong Shen, Peng Wang, Shengqiang Zhu, Yu Wang, Pengfei Wang, Gehui Wang, Jianmin Chen, and Hongliang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7343–7355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7343-2021, 2021
Due to the reduced anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown, mainly from the transportation and industrial sectors, PM2.5 decreased significantly in the whole Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and its major cities. However, the contributions and relative importance of different source sectors and regions changed differently, indicating that control strategies should be adjusted accordingly for further pollution control.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols
Abstract: Distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols
Tao Tang, Drew Shindell, Yuqiang Zhang, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Gunnar Myhre, Gregory Faluvegi, Bjørn Samset, Timothy Andrews, Dirk Olivié, Toshihiko Takemura, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-186,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Previous studies showed that black carbon (BC) could warm the surface with decreased incoming radiation. With climate models, we found that the surface energy redistribution plays a more crucial role on surface temperature compared with other forcing agents. Though BC could reduce the surface heating, the energy dissipates less efficiently, manifested by reduced convective and evaporative cooling, making temperature response positive.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- The Sun's Role for Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic
Abstract: The Sun's Role for Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic
Annika Drews, Wenjuan Huo, Katja Matthes, Kunihiko Kodera, and Tim Kruschke
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-241,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Solar irradiance varies with a period of approximately 11 years. Using a unique large chemistry climate model dataset, we investigate the solar surface signal in the North Atlantic and European region, and find that changes over time, depending on the strength of the solar cycle. For the first time, we estimate the potential predictability associated with including realistic solar forcing in a model. These results may improve seasonal to decadal predictions of European climate.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Mapping gaseous amines, ammonia, and their particulate counterparts in
marine atmospheres of China’s marginal seas: Part 1 – Differentiating
marine emission from continental transport
Abstract: Mapping gaseous amines, ammonia, and their particulate counterparts in marine atmospheres of China’s marginal seas: Part 1 – Differentiating marine emission from continental transport
Dihui Chen, Yanjie Shen, Juntao Wang, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-258,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
The study provides solid evidences to demonstrate that atmospheric trimethylamine (TMAgas) and particulate trimethylaminium in PM2.5 (TMAH+) observed in marine atmospheres were uniquely derived from sea-water emissions. As sea-derived TMAgas correlated significantly with DMAgas and NH3gas, sea-derived DMAgas and NH3gas can be estimated and quantify the contribution to the observed species in the marine atmosphere. Similarly, the contributions of primary DMAH+ have also been estimated.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Technical Note – AQMEII4 Activity 1: Evaluation of Wet and Dry
Deposition Schemes as an Integral Part of Regional-Scale Air Quality
Models
Abstract: Technical Note – AQMEII4 Activity 1: Evaluation of Wet and Dry Deposition Schemes as an Integral Part of Regional-Scale Air Quality Models
Stefano Galmarini, Paul Makar, Olivia Clifton, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse Bash, Roberto Bianconi, Roberto Bellasio, Johannes Bieser, Tim Butler, Jason Ducker, Johannes Flemming, Alma Hozdic, Christopher Holmes, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Richard Kranenburg, Aurelia Lupascu, Juan Luis Perez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Young-Hee Ryu, Roberto San Jose, Donna Schwede, Sam Silva, Marta Garcia Vivanco, and Ralf Wolke
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-313,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
This technical note presents the research protocols for Phase 4 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4). This initiative has three goals: (i) to define the state of wet and dry deposition in regional models, (ii) to evalute how dry-deposition influences on air concentration and flux predictions, and (iii) to identify the causes for prediction differences. The evaluation compares LULC-specific dry-deposition, as well as effective conductances and fluxes.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Annual exposure to PAHs in urban environments linked to wintertime
wood-burning episodes
Abstract: Annual exposure to PAHs in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes
Irini Tsiodra, Georgios Grivas, Kalliopi Tavernaraki, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Maria Apostolaki, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Alexandra Gogou, Constantine Parinos, Konstantina Oikonomou, Maria Tsagkaraki, Pavlos Zarmpas, Athanasios Nenes, and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-393,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
We analyze observations from year-long measurements at Athens, Greece. Nighttime wintertime PAH levels are four times higher than daytime, and wintertime values are 15 times higher than summertime. Biomass burning aerosol during wintertime pollution events is responsible for these significant wintertime enhancements, and accounts for 43 % of the population exposure to PAH carcinogenic risk. Biomass burning poses additional health risks beyond those associated with high PM levels that develop.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Extreme Ice Crystal Events Linked to Biomass and Fossil Fuel Combustion
Abstract: Extreme Ice Crystal Events Linked to Biomass and Fossil Fuel Combustion
Graciela B. Raga, Darrel Baumgardner, Blanca Rios, Yanet Díaz-Esteban, Alejandro Jaramillo, Martin Gallagher, Bastien Sauvage, Pawel Wolff, and Gary Lloyd
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-288,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
The In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) is a small fleet of commercial aircraft that carry a suite of meteorological, gas, aerosol and cloud sensors and have been measuring worldwide for almost 9 years, since late 2011. Extreme Ice Events (EIE) have ben identified from the IAGOS cloud measurements and linked to surface emissions for biomass and fossil fuel consumption. The results reported here are highly relevant for climate change and flight operations forecasting.
PubDate: 2021-05-12T01:53:20+02:00
- Captured cirrus ice particles in high definition
Abstract: Captured cirrus ice particles in high definition
Nathan Magee, Katie Boaggio, Samantha Staskiewicz, Aaron Lynn, Xuanyi Zhao, Nicholas Tusay, Terance Schuh, Manisha Bandamede, Lucas Bancroft, David Connelly, Kevin Hurler, Bryan Miner, and Elissa Khoudary
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7171–7185, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7171-2021, 2021
The cryo-electron microscopy images and analysis in this paper result from the first balloon-borne capture, preservation, and high-resolution imaging of ice particles from cirrus clouds. The images show cirrus particle complexity in unprecedented detail, revealing unexpected morphology, a mixture of surface roughness scales and patterns, embedded aerosols, and a large variety of habits within a single cloud. The results should inform ongoing efforts to refine modeling of cirrus radiative impact.
PubDate: 2021-05-11T01:53:20+02:00
- Mobile monitoring of urban air quality at high spatial resolution by
low-cost sensors: impacts of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Abstract: Mobile monitoring of urban air quality at high spatial resolution by low-cost sensors: impacts of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Shibao Wang, Yun Ma, Zhongrui Wang, Lei Wang, Xuguang Chi, Aijun Ding, Mingzhi Yao, Yunpeng Li, Qilin Li, Mengxian Wu, Ling Zhang, Yongle Xiao, and Yanxu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7199–7215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7199-2021, 2021
Mobile monitoring with low-cost sensors is a promising approach to garner high-spatial-resolution observations representative of the community scale. We develop a grid analysis method to obtain 50 m resolution maps of major air pollutants (CO, NO2, and O3) based on GIS technology. Our results demonstrate the sensing power of mobile monitoring for urban air pollution, which provides detailed information for source attribution and accurate traceability at the urban micro-scale.
PubDate: 2021-05-11T01:53:20+02:00
- Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes
Observatory, northern Europe, 2001–2018
Abstract: Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001–2018
Karl Espen Yttri, Francesco Canonaco, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Hans Gundersen, Anne-Gunn Hjellbrekke, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, André S. H. Prévôt, David Simpson, Sverre Solberg, Jason Surratt, Kjetil Tørseth, Hilde Uggerud, Marit Vadset, Xin Wan, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7149–7170, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7149-2021, 2021
Carbonaceous aerosol sources and trends were studied at the Birkenes Observatory. A large decrease in elemental carbon (EC; 2001–2018) and a smaller decline in levoglucosan (2008–2018) suggest that organic carbon (OC)/EC from traffic/industry is decreasing, whereas the abatement of OC/EC from biomass burning has been less successful. Positive matrix factorization apportioned 72 % of EC to fossil fuel sources and 53 % (PM2.5) and 78 % (PM10–2.5) of OC to biogenic sources.
PubDate: 2021-05-11T01:53:20+02:00
- Convergent evidence for the pervasive but limited contribution of biomass
burning to atmospheric ammonia in peninsular Southeast Asia
Abstract: Convergent evidence for the pervasive but limited contribution of biomass burning to atmospheric ammonia in peninsular Southeast Asia
Yunhua Chang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Sawaeng Kawichai, Qian Wang, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Tippawan Prapamontol, and Moritz F. Lehmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7187–7198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, 2021
In this study, we integrated satellite constraints on atmospheric NH3 levels and fire intensity, discrete NH3 concentration measurement, and N isotopic analysis of NH3 in order to assess the regional-scale contribution of biomass burning to ambient atmospheric NH3 in the heartland of Southeast Asia. The combined approach provides a valuable cross-validation framework for source apportioning of NH3 in the lower atmosphere and will thus help to ameliorate predictions of biomass burning emissions.
PubDate: 2021-05-11T01:53:20+02:00
- Particle-phase processing of α-pinene NO3 secondary organic aerosol
in the dark
Abstract: Particle-phase processing of α-pinene NO3 secondary organic aerosol in the dark
David M. Bell, Cheng Wu, Amelie Bertrand, Emelie Graham, Janne Schoonbaert, Stamatios Giannoukos, Urs Baltensperger, Andre S. H. Prevot, Ilona Riipinen, Imad El Haddad, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-379,2021
Preprint under review for ACP (discussion: open, 0 comments)
A series of studies designed to investigate the evolution of organic aerosol were performed in an atmospheric simulation chamber, using an oxidant found at night (NO3). The chemical composition steadily changed from its initial composition through different chemical reactions taking place inside of the aerosol. These results show the composition of organic aerosol is steadily changing during its lifetime in the atmosphere.
PubDate: 2021-05-11T01:53:20+02:00
- Increased primary and secondary H2SO4 showing the opposing roles in
secondary organic aerosol formation from ethyl methacrylate ozonolysis
Abstract: Increased primary and secondary H2SO4 showing the opposing roles in secondary organic aerosol formation from ethyl methacrylate ozonolysis
Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Guangyan Xu, Qingxin Ma, Biwu Chu, Wanqi Sun, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7099–7112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7099-2021, 2021
This work highlights the opposing effects of primary and secondary H2SO4 on both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and constitutes. Our findings revealed that a substantial increase in secondary H2SO4 particles promoted the SOA formation of ethyl methacrylate with increasing SO2 in the absence of seed particles. However, increased primary H2SO4 with seed acidity enhanced ethyl methacrylate uptake but reduced its SOA formation in the presence of seed particles.
PubDate: 2021-05-10T01:53:20+02:00
- Assessing and improving cloud-height-based parameterisations of global
lightning flash rate, and their impact on lightning-produced NOx and
tropospheric composition in a chemistry–climate model
Abstract: Assessing and improving cloud-height-based parameterisations of global lightning flash rate, and their impact on lightning-produced NOx and tropospheric composition in a chemistry–climate model
Ashok K. Luhar, Ian E. Galbally, Matthew T. Woodhouse, and Nathan Luke Abraham
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7053–7082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7053-2021, 2021
Lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNOx) greatly influence tropospheric photochemistry. The most common parameterisation of lightning flash rate used to calculate LNOx in global composition models underestimates measurements over the ocean by a factor of 20–25. We formulate and validate an alternative parameterisation to remedy this problem. The new scheme causes an increase in the ozone burden by 8.5 % and the hydroxyl radical by 13 %, and these have implications for climate and air quality.
PubDate: 2021-05-10T01:53:20+02:00
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