Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1101-1262 - ISSN (Online) 1464-360X Published by Oxford University Press[416 journals]
Authors:Mackenbach J. Pages: 241 - 241 Abstract: In his book ‘The Expanding Circle’, bioethicist Peter Singer describes how human altruism began as a drive to protect one’s kin and community members, but has since developed into a consciously chosen ethic with a gradually widening circle of moral concern. In the distant past, humans were only concerned with the well-being of their family and fellow villagers, but in more recent times, this developed into a concern for all their countrymen, and then from a concern with white people only into a concern including people of colour. It is not so long ago that black Africans were not even considered human beings.1 PubDate: Tue, 23 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa224 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Damiani G; Pascucci D, Sindoni A, et al. Pages: 244 - 252 Abstract: BackgroundPrimary care services are the first point of contact in a healthcare system; in the last years, many mergers and reconfigurations have taken place in this setting. The aim of this study is to summarize the literature evidence on the relationship between the increase in the size of these organizations and their performance.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was carried out querying EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, from their inception to January 2020. Articles which quantitatively assessed outcomes and process indicators of merger/structural reorganization of primary care organizations and qualitative articles that assessed staff perception and satisfaction were included in the review.ResultsA total of 3626 articles was identified and another study was retrieved through snowball search; 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Studies about lipid profile evaluation and emergency admissions for chronic conditions showed moderate evidence in supporting the merging of primary care organizations; conversely, clinical outcome studies did not reach a sufficient level of evidence to support merging actions. A moderate evidence of a negative effect on patient’s perspective was found.ConclusionActually, there is no strong evidence in favour or against merging of primary care organizations without equivocation. This review supports the possibility to identify indicators for evaluating a merging process of primary care organizations and for adopting eventual remedies during this process. Further efforts should be made to identify additional indicators to assess merge actions among primary care organizations. PubDate: Wed, 24 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa248 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Beetsma R; Burgoon B, Nicoli F, et al. Pages: 253 - 258 Abstract: BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak has heightened ongoing political debate about the international joint procurement of medicines and medical countermeasures. The European Union (EU) has developed what remains largely contractual and decentralized international procurement cooperation. The corona crisis has broadened and deepened public debate on such cooperation, in particular on the scope of cooperation, solidarity in the allocation of such cooperation, and delegation of cooperative decision-making. Crucial to political debate about these issues are public attitudes that constrain and undergird international cooperation.MethodsOur survey includes a randomized survey experiment (conjoint analysis) on a representative sample in five European countries in March 2020, informed by legal and policy debate on medical cooperation. Respondents choose and rate policy packages containing randomized mixes of policy attributes with respect to the scope of medicines covered, the solidarity in conferring priority access and the level of delegation.ResultsIn all country populations surveyed, the experiment reveals considerable popular support for European cooperation. Significant majorities preferred cooperation packages with greater rather than less scope of medicines regulated; with priority given to most in-need countries; and with delegation to EU-level rather than national expertise.ConclusionJoint procurement raises delicate questions with regard to its scope, the inclusion of cross-border solidarity and the delegation of decision-making, that explain reluctance toward joint procurement among political decision-makers. This research shows that there is considerable public support across different countries in favor of centralization, i.e. a large scope and solidarity in the allocation and delegation of decision-making. PubDate: Sun, 17 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa201 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Björk J; Mattisson K, Ahlbom A. Pages: 272 - 277 Abstract: BackgroundThis aggregated population study investigated the impact of the seemingly quasi-randomly assigned school winter holiday in weeks 6–10 (February to early March) on excess mortality in 219 European regions (11 countries) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring 2020. A secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of government responses to the early inflow of infected cases.MethodsData on government responses weeks 8–14 were obtained from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Regional data on total all-cause mortality during weeks 14–23 in 2020 were retrieved from Eurostat and national statistical agencies and compared with the average mortality during same period 2015–2019. Variance-weighted least square regression was used with mortality difference as dependent variable with adjustment for country, population density and age distribution.ResultsBeing a region with winter holiday exclusively in week 9 was in the adjusted analysis associated with 16 weekly excess deaths [95% confidence interval (CI) 13–20] per million inhabitants during weeks 14–23, which corresponds to 38% of the excess mortality in these regions. A more stringent response implemented in week 11, corresponding to 10 additional units on the 0–100 ordinal scale, was associated with 20 fewer weekly deaths (95% CI 18–22) per million inhabitants.ConclusionsWinter holiday in week 9 was an amplifying event that contributed importantly to the excess mortality observed in the study regions during the spring 2020. Timely government responses to the resulting early inflow of cases reduced the excess in mortality. PubDate: Wed, 24 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab017 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Lippi G; Ferrari A, Targher G. Pages: 278 - 279 Abstract: All vitamin D tests carried out for outpatients aged 18 years or older during the last 3 years at an Italian University Hospital was reviewed. The serum vitamin D concentrations measured since the Italian coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown to present did not significantly differ from the previous 2 years (78 vs. 77 nmol/l; P = 0.277), whilst the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be even marginally lower in 2020 (16.0% vs. 17.9%; P = 0.003). These results suggest that vitamin D deficiency in our province has not increased during the Italian COVID-19 outbreak or in correspondence with the nationwide lockdown. PubDate: Thu, 11 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab004 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Islam N; Lewington S, Kharbanda R, et al. Pages: 280 - 282 Abstract: Data on patients discharged following COVID-19 hospitalization is scarce. We conducted an electronic health records study of community-acquired COVID-19 patients discharged between 15 March and 14 July 2020 from hospitals in Oxfordshire, UK. Of 403 discharged patients, 114 (28%) were readmitted or died within 60 days (incidence rate 18/100 person-months). Rates of readmission or death were twice as high among those ≥ 65 years as those < 65 years [standardized rate ratio: 2.21 (95% CI: 1.45–3.56)] and among women than men [2.25 (1.05–4.18)]. These findings suggest important sex differences in 60-day outcomes following COVID-19 hospitalization that have not previously been well described. PubDate: Mon, 15 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab009 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Lutaud R; Scronias D, Ward J, et al. Pages: 283 - 285 Abstract: France has been at the epicenter of the worldwide debate about hydroxychloroquine, as the main advocacy for its use to treat COVID-19 comes from a research unit led by Didier Raoult in Marseille. Among a national panel of 2940 general practitioners, we found that physicians in the areas most strongly affected by the epidemic or closest to the epicenter of the controversy reported that the hydroxychloroquine debate had made it difficult for them to deal with patients' treatment requests. Their adherence to official recommendations was also lower. It will be necessary to examine the conditions producing so strong a conflict. PubDate: Mon, 15 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab002 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Cherrie M; Curtis S, Baranyi G, et al. Pages: 297 - 303 Abstract: BackgroundInternational literature shows unemployment and income loss during the Great Recession worsened population mental health. This individual-level longitudinal study examines how regional economic trends and austerity related to depression using administrative prescription data for a large and representative population sample.MethodsRecords from a sample of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (N=86 500) were linked to monthly primary care antidepressant prescriptions (2009–15). Regional economic trends were characterized by annual full-time employment data (2004–14). Economic impact of austerity was measured via annual income lost per working age adult due to welfare reforms (2010–15). Sequence analysis identified new cases of antidepressant use, and group-based trajectory modelling classified regions into similar economic trajectories. Multi-level logistic regression examined relationships between regional economic trends and new antidepressant prescriptions. Structural equation mediation analysis assessed the contributory role of welfare reforms.ResultsEmployed individuals living in regions not recovering post-recession had the highest risk of beginning a new course of antidepressants (AOR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08–1.38). Individuals living in areas with better recovery trajectories had the lowest risk. Mediation analyses showed that 50% (95% CI 7–61%) of this association was explained by the impact of welfare benefit reforms on average incomes.ConclusionsFollowing the Great Recession, local labour market decline and austerity measures were associated with growing antidepressant usage, increasing regional inequalities in mental health. The study evidences the impact of austerity on health inequalities and suggests that economic conditions and welfare policies impact on population health. Reducing the burden of mental ill-health primarily requires action on the social determinants. PubDate: Sun, 07 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa253 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Mlinarić M; Kohler E, Kunst A, et al. Pages: 333 - 340 Abstract: BackgroundStudies on adolescent secondhand smoke exposure within the family often dichotomously operationalize migration background without paying attention to social and cultural diversity within migrant populations. As a result, little is known about variation within migrant groups in smoke-free family environments (SFFEs). This study analyses the association between SFFEs and parental migration from different world regions.MethodsData from 14- to 16-year-old adolescents (N = 17 144) on SFFEs and parental migration were obtained from cross-sectional repeated SILNE-R surveys. A multivariable multinomial regression was applied, presenting relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for maternal or paternal tobacco smoking and home smoking bans. Variation in migration background was measured according to parental sex and place of birth.ResultsApproximately 18% of adolescents are exposed to maternal smoking, and 25% are exposed to paternal smoking. Almost half of the respondents do not live in SFFEs but are subject to permissive (5%) or partial (39%) smoking bans at home. We found that adolescents of Eastern European descent are at a higher risk of being exposed to both paternal and maternal smoking. A sex difference in parental smoking was found among Arabic/Islamic migrants, where mothers are less likely to be smokers. Maternal and paternal African origins are associated with prohibitive smoking bans at home. Eastern European mothers show higher odds of permissiveness and freely allowing smoking at home.ConclusionNotable within-differences according to parental sex and place of birth were found for SFFEs and should be taken into account when implementing equity-sensitive tobacco prevention programs. PubDate: Wed, 06 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa241 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Mullie P; Guillot G, Pizot C, et al. Pages: 355 - 360 Abstract: BackgroundProspective cohort studies on diet and cancer report risk associations as hazard ratios. But hazard ratios do not inform on the number of people who need to alter their dietary behaviours for preventing cancer. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of people that need to alter their diet for preventing one additional case of female breast or colorectal cancer.MethodsBased on the largest prospective studies done in the USA and in Europe, we computed the number of subjects who need to alter their diet.ResultsFor preventing one case of breast cancer, European women should increase their fruit consumption by 100 g/day during 33 000 person-years, and US women by 60 g/day during 10 600 person-years. For vegetables, European women should increase their consumption by 160 g/day during 26 900 person-years and US women by 100 g/day during 19 000 person-years. For preventing one case of colorectal cancer, European subjects should decrease their red meat consumption by 20 g/day during 26 100 person-years, and US subjects by 30 g/day during 8170 person-years. For processed meat, European subjects should decrease their consumption by 20 g/day during 17 400 person-years, and US subjects by 10 g/day during 7940 person-years.ConclusionsLarge number of subjects would need to alter their intake of fruits, vegetables, red and processed meat during many years in order to prevent one additional breast or colorectal cancer. PubDate: Thu, 07 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa233 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Pancar N; Mercan Y. Pages: 361 - 366 Abstract: BackgroundIn this study, aimed to determine the frequency of participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings, the factors affecting participation and the association between CRC screening behaviors and health literacy (HL).MethodsThis community-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 408 people residing in Kirklareli, a province in Northwestern Turkey, between August and November 2019.ResultsCRC screenings participation prevalence was 21.1%. Of them, 17.2% participated in fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) screenings, 7.6% participated in colonoscopy screenings, and 86.5% had inadequate or limited-problematic HL. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of not participating in CRC screenings was high in the participants who worked at a paid job (OR: 3.001, 95% CI: 1.018–8.850), who did not do any physical activity regularly (OR: 2.516, 95% CI: 1.251–5.060), who were not aware of the presence of an early diagnosis test for CRC (OR: 32.613, 95% CI: 13.338–79.742), who did not have a person having had CRC screening in their immediate environment (OR: 3.562, 95% CI: 1.752–7.240) and who had sufficient or excellent HL (OR: 3.324, 95% CI: 1.128–9.796). According to adjusted for some characteristics, there was no significant association between participation in CRC screenings and THLS-sub-dimensions and THLS-processes (P>0.05).ConclusionsParticipation in CRC screenings was low, and those with a high HL level were more likely not to participate in CRC screenings. Working status, knowledge and awareness levels affected the participation to CRC screenings. To encourage people to participate in screenings and to improve their HL, awareness-raising attempts for target groups should be increased. PubDate: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa227 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Morais L; Paravidino V, Mediano M, et al. Pages: 367 - 372 Abstract: BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention educational activities, isolated or combined with the modification of the school environment on total physical activity time.MethodsThis is a school-based randomized controlled trial, conducted with 2511 students from fifth and sixth-grade in Brazil, that employed a parallel, three-group experimental arms: control group (CG), PAAPPAS group (PG) and PAAPPAS-environment group (PEG). During the 2016 school year, the PG received educational activities in the classroom, providing a general basis for a healthy lifestyle. The PEG received the same educational activities and also modifications in the school environment to stimulate physical activity practice during one month. Physical activity was evaluated through a validated physical activity questionnaire. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed to evaluate the rate of change of physical activity time between groups using PROC GENMOD procedure. All analyses were performed using SAS.ResultsTotal physical activity time increased by 22% in PEG compared with CG (P = 0.003). No difference was observed between PEG and PG (Δ = 60.20 vs. 36.37, respectively; P = 0.27) and between PG and CG (Δ = 36.37 vs. 9.70, respectively; P = 0.23). The proportion of individuals who attended at least 150 min week−1 of physical activity increased in PEG compared with PG (P = 0.04); however, no difference was observed between PEG and CG (P = 0.19) and between PG and CG (P = 0.26). For 300 min week−1, no difference was observed between groups.ConclusionA school-based multi-component intervention including modification of the school environment was effective for increasing physical activity time among adolescents. PubDate: Tue, 13 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab025 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Caleyachetty R; Stafford M, Cooper R, et al. Pages: 385 - 390 Abstract: BackgroundWhile childhood social risk factors appear to be associated with adult obesity, it is unclear whether exposure to multiple childhood social risk factors is associated with accelerated weight gain during adulthood.MethodsWe used the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a British population-based birth cohort study of participants born in 1946, height and weight were measured by nurses at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 and self-reported at 20 and 26 years. The 9 childhood socioeconomic risk factors and 8 binary childhood psychosocial risk factors were measured, with 13 prospectively measured at age 4 years (or at 7 or 11 years if missing) and 3 were recalled when participants were age 43. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the association between the number of childhood social risk factors and changes in body mass index (BMI) with age.ResultsIncreasing exposure to a higher number of childhood socioeconomic risk factors was associated with higher mean BMI across adulthood for both sexes and with a faster increase in BMI from 20 to 64 years, among women but not men. Associations remained after adjustment for adult social class. There was no evidence of an association between exposure to childhood psychosocial risk factors and mean BMI in either sex at any age.ConclusionsStrategies for the prevention and management of weight gain across adulthood may need to tailor interventions in consideration of past exposure to multiple socioeconomic disadvantages experienced during childhood. PubDate: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa237 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Savona N; Macauley T, Aguiar A, et al. Pages: 391 - 396 Abstract: BackgroundTo make effective progress towards a global reduction in obesity prevalence, there needs to be a focus on broader structural factors, beyond individual-level drivers of diet and physical activity. This article describes the use of a systems framework to develop obesity prevention policies with adolescents. The aim of this research was to use the group model building (GMB) method to identify young people’s perceptions of the drivers of adolescent obesity in five European countries, as part of the EU-funded Co-Create project.MethodsWe used GMB with four groups of 16–18-year-olds in schools in each of the five European countries (The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal and the UK) to create causal loop diagrams (CLDs) representing their perceptions of the drivers of adolescent obesity. The maps were then merged into one, using a new protocol.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty-seven participants, aged 16–18 years, engaged in 20 separate system mapping groups, each of which generated 1 CLD. The findings were largely congruent between the countries. Three feedback loops in the merged diagram particularly stand out: commercial drivers of unhealthy diets; mental health and unhealthy diets; social media use, body image and motivation to exercise.ConclusionsGMB provides a novel way of eliciting from young people the system-based drivers of obesity that are relevant to them. Mental health issues, social media use and commercial practices were considered by the young people to be key drivers of adolescent obesity, subjects that have thus far had little or no coverage in research and policy. PubDate: Sat, 20 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa251 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Stennett M; Blokland A, Watt R, et al. Pages: 396 - 402 Abstract: BackgroundThere are stark ethnic inequalities in the prevalence of UK childhood obesity. However, data on adolescent overweight in different ethnic groups are limited. This study assessed ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence during mid-adolescence using body mass index (BMI) and explored the contribution of socioeconomic and behavioural factors.MethodsWe analyzed data from 10 500 adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years who participated in sweep six of the Millennium Cohort Study. Ethnic inequalities in overweight and mean BMI were assessed using multiple regression models. Results were stratified by sex and adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioural factors.ResultsBlack Caribbean males had significantly higher BMI than White males after full adjustment [excess BMI 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–5.19] and were over three times more likely to be overweight [odds ratio (OR): 3.32, 95% CI 1.95–5.66]. Black Africans females had significantly higher BMI compared with White females (excess BMI 1.86, 95% CI 0.89–2.83; OR for overweight 2.74, 95% CI 1.64–4.56), while Indian females had significantly lower BMI compared with White females (reduced BMI −0.73, 95% CI −1.37 to −0.09). Socioeconomic and behavioural factors often considered to be associated with overweight were more prevalent in some ethnic minority groups (lower socioeconomic position, lack of breakfast consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption, and infrequent physical activity), but adjustment for these factors did not fully explain ethnic differences in overweight/BMI.ConclusionEthnic inequalities in overweight prevalence are evident in mid-adolescence and vary according to sex. Differences in overweight/BMI between ethnic groups were not fully accounted for by socioeconomic or behavioural factors. PubDate: Sat, 24 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab023 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Millar S; Mongan D, O’Dwyer C, et al. Pages: 441 - 447 Abstract: BackgroundKnowledge of factors relating to patterns of cannabis use is important for informing drug policy. This study determined factors associated with recent and current cannabis use. In addition, we explored factors related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD)—defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders—among current users.MethodsWe analyzed data from Ireland’s 2010–11 and 2014–15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years or more, living in private households. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with recent (last year) and current (last month) cannabis use compared to experiential use. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors related to CUD among current users.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of experiential cannabis use was 18.3%, with 3.0% and 3.3% of participants indicating recent or current use, respectively; 41.3% of current users indicated having a CUD. Factors associated with both recent or current cannabis use included younger age, not being married or cohabiting, having no dependent children and current use of tobacco or alcohol. Male gender, younger age and lower educational levels were significantly related to CUD among current users.ConclusionsMales, adolescents/young adults and individuals with lower educational levels are more likely to be current users of cannabis and are at a greater risk of having a CUD. Health professionals should be aware of these factors to improve detection and prevention of CUD. PubDate: Wed, 24 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab007 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Delnoij D. Pages: 448 - 448 Abstract: MackenbachJohan P. A History of Population Health: Rise and Fall of Disease in Europe. Leiden – Boston: Brill-Rodopi, 2020. 430 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-42582-8 PubDate: Sun, 25 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa258 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Patrick R; Reeves A. Pages: 242 - 243 Abstract: Ten years ago, in October 2010, George Osborne, then Chancellor of the Exchequer for the UK, used his speech at the Conservative Party Conference to deliver a stinging critique of social welfare. Announcing welfare reforms, including the popular Benefit Cap, he promised: PubDate: Sun, 29 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa215 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Nguyen N; Maxwell A, Donnelly M, et al. Pages: 259 - 264 Abstract: BackgroundThere is a mismatch between attitudinal support for tissue donation and its translation into behavioural action (i.e. become registered donor). The legal and motivational context around tissue donation may contribute to better understanding of this mismatch.MethodsData were extracted from the Eurobarometer 82.2 survey (2014). Data included socio-demographic characteristics, motivations underlying attitudes to tissue donation and the legal context within which donation was considered (opt-in and opt-out consent). The sample was partitioned based on contextual information and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit regressions were used to explore the relationship between passive and active support for tissue donation.ResultsApproximately 56% of 25 879 respondents stated a willingness to donate tissue after death (passive support) and 9.1% reported that they were a registered donor (active support). We found evidence of unobserved heterogeneity between active and passive support across contexts. Our findings suggest that contexts in which altruistic motives can be supported by self-interest may increase the probability of converting passive to active support. Factors associated with increased support for tissue donation included: higher levels of education; good knowledge of the healthcare system; confidence in the safety of tissue donation; readiness to be a tissue recipient and knowing a recipient of donated tissue.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the value of examining active and passive support for tissue donation together within specific contexts. This more nuanced approach affords clearer insights that may help to guide policy makers confronted with apparently conflicting evidence around strategies intended to promote organ and tissue donation. PubDate: Wed, 07 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa148 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Han K; Kim S. Pages: 265 - 271 Abstract: BackgroundStudies have shown the importance of managing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), at the primary treatment level. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association between medical treatment institutions and health outcomes in patients with dyslipidemia, a major risk of CVD, to provide evidence for increasing chronic disease management at the primary care level in Korea.MethodsWe used National Health Insurance Sampling cohort data, of which 37 506 patients were newly diagnosed with dyslipidemia during 2009–14. CVD risk and changes in serum cholesterol level after dyslipidemia diagnosis were outcome variable examined. A generalized estimating equation model was used to identify associations between initial medical institution, CVD risk and changes in serum cholesterol levels. The Cox proportional-hazard ratio was used to assess the association between initial medical institutions and detailed CVD risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess CVD risk following treatment with prescription medication.ResultsOur analyses demonstrate that CVD risk was lower at primary care-level community health centers and clinics compared to tertiary hospitals, with a statistically significant difference observed in clinics. Ischemic heart disease was lower at community health centers and clinics. However, all medical institution types were associated with significantly lower serum cholesterol levels compared to the baseline.ConclusionsManagement of patients with dyslipidemia at primary care institutions was associated with reduced CVD risk and decreased serum cholesterol levels. Therefore, policymakers should strengthen the quality of healthcare at primary care institutions and educate patients that these institutions are appropriate for managing chronic disease. PubDate: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa139 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Smyth B; O’Farrell A, Cullen W. Pages: 285 - 291 Abstract: BackgroundNew psychoactive substance (NPS) use can negatively impact health and may result in drug-related hospital admissions (DRHAs). Irish youth reported very high rates of NPS use by international standards, the most common being synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. There was a rapid expansion in specialist shops, called head shops, selling NPS in 2010. Government responded to public protests about head shops by enacting legislation in May and August 2010 to end this trade. Many academics argued that such actions would prove futile. We sought to determine if changes in head shop activity coincided with changes in DRHA.MethodsThe national database on admissions to general hospitals hospital in-patient enquiry was examined focusing on young adults admitted from 2008 to 2012, and all emergency admissions with an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of mental disorder related to any drug (F11–F19) were identified. Joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to explore for the presence of trend changes in DRHA.ResultsJoinpoint regression analysis identified a significant downward trend change which occurred in June 2010 (95% CI February 2010 to January 2011). DRHA increased by 0.5% (95% CI 0.1–0.9) per month prior to this and then fell by 2.6% (95% CI −1.4 to −3.8) per month over the next 16 months.ConclusionsCessation of NPS sale by head shops coincided with a reversal in the upward trend of emergency hospital admissions related to drugs. Although correlation does not confirm causation, legislation which successfully curtails the commercial sale of NPS may result in reduced hospitalizations. PubDate: Wed, 28 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa171 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Amendola S; Plöderl M, Hengartner M. Pages: 291 - 297 Abstract: BackgroundEcological studies have explored associations between suicide rates and antidepressant prescriptions in the population, but most of them are limited as they analyzed short-term correlations that may be spurious. The aim of this long-term study was to examine whether trends in suicide rates changed in three European countries when the first antidepressants were introduced in 1960 and when prescription rates increased steeply after 1990 with the introduction of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).MethodsData were extracted from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide rates were calculated for people aged 10–89 years from 1951–2015 for Italy, 1955–2016 for Austria and 1951–2013 for Switzerland. Trends in suicide rates stratified by gender were analyzed using joinpoint regression models.ResultsThere was a general pattern of long-term trends that was broadly consistent across all three countries. Suicide rates were stable or decreasing during the 1950s and 1960s, they rose during the 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s and thereafter they declined. There were a few notable exceptions to these general trends. In Italian men, suicide rates increased until 1997, then fell sharply until 2006 and increased again from 2006 to 2015. In women from all three countries, there was an extended period during the 2000s when suicide rates were stable. No trend changes occurred around 1960 or 1990.ConclusionsThe introduction of antidepressants around 1960 and the sharp increase in prescriptions after 1990 with the introduction of the SSRIs did not coincide with trend changes in suicide rates in Italy, Austria or Switzerland. PubDate: Wed, 25 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa204 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Morinaga M; Rai D, Hollander A, et al. Pages: 304 - 312 Abstract: BackgroundThere is an emerging evidence that the migration and the ethnic minority status are associated with the risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). This systematic review aimed to investigate whether associations are specific to ASD or ID; whether and which migration-related or ethnically determined factors are associated with the risk of ASD and ID; and what mechanisms may explain these risks.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline and PsycINFO for studies reporting on the risks of ASD and/or ID among migrants, descendants of migrants and/or ethnic minorities. Risks of any ASD, ASD + ID, ASD – ID and any ID were reviewed in relation to migration and ethnic minority status, with consideration to the study quality. In addition, possible underlying mechanisms suggested in the included studies were summarized.ResultsThirty-five studies were included. The summarized evidence indicated an increased risk of ASD + ID and a decreased risk of ASD – ID in migrants, descendants of migrants and ethnic minorities. These associations appeared more pronounced among children of migrant mothers, with origin in low-income countries, and among descendants of migrants. Data on ID were scarce. Suggested mechanisms explaining the increased risks of ASD + ID included environmental factors acting in utero and genetic factors (including consanguinity), while ascertainment bias was proposed to account for the lowered risks of diagnosed ASD – ID.ConclusionMigration-related factors acting in utero and/or associated with origin in low-income countries may be important in the ASD + ID aetiology, although further confirmative studies are needed. PubDate: Tue, 13 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa108 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Di Pietro M; Zaçe D, Sisti L, et al. Pages: 313 - 320 Abstract: BackgroundWhile many studies focus on specific aspects of Unaccompanied Migrant Minors’ (UMMs) health, especially mental well-being, there is a lack of tools comprehensively assessing their needs. To fill this gap, we developed and validated a questionnaire to thoroughly assess unAccompaniEd miGrant mInorS’ physical, psychological, legal, spiritual, social and educational needs (AEGIS-Q).MethodsThis work consisted of three stages. The first one involved an extensive literature review. Given the results of the review, a first draft of the questionnaire was developed and submitted to a panel of experts for validation (Delphi method-second stage). During the third stage, the final version of the questionnaire was pilot-tested in a sample of 18 UMMs.ResultsThe questionnaire, drafted based on the results of the review, consisted of sections covering personal data, migration profile, physical health needs and access to healthcare, psychological needs, legal needs, spiritual needs and educational and social needs of UMMs. After two Delphi rounds, the final version of the questionnaire, consisting of 83 questions, was structured. The pilot study had a response rate of 89–100%. We found substantial reliability for most of the sections in the questionnaire, including physical health (α=0.652), legal (α=0.781), and educational and social (α=0.614) needs. The questions regarding psychological needs had very high reliability (α=0.860).ConclusionsThe questionnaire offers a useful sharable tool to assess and monitor UMMs’ needs, helping the reception system to better know and meet their needs and implement the taking in charge. PubDate: Wed, 11 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa184 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Östergren O; Korhonen K, Gustafsson N, et al. Pages: 321 - 325 Abstract: BackgroundMost first-generation migrants have lower mortality compared to the native population. Finnish-born migrants in Sweden instead have higher mortality; possibly because of health behaviours established before migration. To increase our understanding of this excess mortality, we compared the cause-specific mortality of Finnish migrants in Sweden to both the native population of Sweden and the native Finnish population residing in Finland.MethodsWe used Swedish and Finnish register data, applying propensity score matching techniques to account for differences in sociodemographic characteristics between the migrants, Swedes and Finns. The index population were Finnish migrants aged 40–60, residing in Sweden in 1995. We compared patterns of all-cause, alcohol- and smoking-related, and cardiovascular disease mortality across the groups in the period 1996–2007.ResultsFinnish migrant men in Sweden had lower all-cause mortality compared to Finnish men but higher mortality compared to the Swedish men. The same patterns were observed for alcohol-related, smoking-related and cardiovascular disease mortality. Among women, all three groups had similar levels of all-cause mortality. However, Finnish migrant women had higher alcohol-related mortality than Swedish women, similar to Finnish women. Conversely, migrant women had similar levels of smoking-related mortality to Swedish women, lower than Finnish women.ConclusionsFinnish-born migrants residing in Sweden have mortality patterns that are typically in between the mortality patterns of the native populations in their country of origin and destination. Both the country of origin and destination need to be considered in order to better understand migrant health. PubDate: Tue, 24 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa192 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Wallace M; Khlat M, Guillot M. Pages: 326 - 333 Abstract: BackgroundWithin Europe, France stands out as a major country that lacks recent and reliable evidence on how infant mortality levels vary among the native-born children of immigrants compared with the native-born children of two parents born in France.MethodsWe used a nationally representative socio-demographic panel consisting of 296 400 births and 980 infant deaths for the period 2008–17. Children of immigrants were defined as being born to at least one parent born abroad and their infant mortality was compared with that of children born to two parents born in France. We first calculated infant mortality rates per 1000 live births. Then, using multi-level logit models, we calculated odds ratios of infant mortality in a series of models adjusting progressively for parental origins (M1), core demographic factors (M2), father's socio-professional category (M3) and area-level urbanicity and deprivation score (M4).ResultsWe documented a substantial amount of excess infant mortality among those children born to at least one parent from Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, Western Africa, Other Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas, with variation among specific origin countries belonging to these groups. In most of these cases, the excess infant mortality levels persisted after adjusting for all individual-level and area-level factors.ConclusionsOur findings, which can directly inform national public health policy, reaffirm the persistence of longstanding inequality in infant mortality according to parental origins in France and add to a growing body of evidence documenting excess infant mortality among the children of immigrants in Europe. PubDate: Mon, 30 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa186 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Gram M; Therkildsen C, Clarke R, et al. Pages: 340 - 346 Abstract: BackgroundColorectal cancer screening program using a fecal immunochemical test aims to reduce morbidity and mortality through early detection. Although screening participation is free-of-charge, almost 40% of the invited individuals choose not to participate. To bring new insight into how non-participation can be identified and targeted, we examined the association between marital status and screening participation; with a focus on partner concordance in participation and sex differences.MethodsThis nationwide cross-sectional study included all Danish citizens aged 50–74 years, who were invited to colorectal cancer screening between 2014 and 2017. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) of participation while adjusting for sociodemographic variables.ResultsA total of 1 909 662 individuals were included in the analysis of which 62.7% participated in the screening program. Participation was highest among women. Stratified by marital status, screening participation was markedly lower in widowed (61.5%), divorced (54.8%) and single (47.3%), while participation reached 68.4% in married individuals. This corresponded to ORs of 0.59 (95% CI 0.58–0.59) for widowed, 0.56 (95% CI 0.55–0.56) for divorced and 0.47 (95% CI 0.47–0.48) for single, compared to married individuals. Individuals married to a participating partner were five times more likely to participate than married individuals with a non-participating partner, regardless of gender.ConclusionsMarital status was strongly associated with participation in colorectal cancer screening, and participation was even higher in married individuals with a participating partner. Future efforts to increase participation in colorectal cancer screening could potentially benefit from considering the role of partner concordance. PubDate: Sat, 14 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa206 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Unanue-Arza S; Solís-Ibinagagoitia M, Díaz-Seoane M, et al. Pages: 346 - 355 Abstract: BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes require high levels of participation in order to reduce mortality. To improve participation rates, it is necessary to identify the health risk factors and social inequalities associated with non-participation.MethodsA systematic review was conducted between June and September of 2019 in six databases: CINHAL, Medline, Scopus, Social Sciences Citation Index, Embase and PsycINFO. Studies assessing the relationship between health risk factors, participation in preventive activities and participation in CRC screening were included. Methodological assessment was carried out according to the Quality Assessment Tools of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.ResultsA total of nine studies that analyze participation in both organized and opportunistic screening programmes using any type of screening method were finally selected. Data were mainly self-reported although in two studies medical records were also studied. We identified several variables: gender, body mass index, consultation with a doctor or a specialist, educational level, employment, health insurance, residence, ethnicity, age, marital status, income, other preventive activities, obesity, physical activity, smoking, family history of CRC and general health status.ConclusionThe scarcity of studies linking risk factors, social inequalities and participation in preventive activities for participation in screening in the same study makes it difficult to reach definitive patterns related to non-participation in CRC screening programmes. Nevertheless, being under 60, obese, smoker and sedentary have shown an association with non-participation as well as not visiting a doctor. PubDate: Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa203 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Reimers A; Marzi I, Schmidt S, et al. Pages: 373 - 378 Abstract: BackgroundInactivity in children and adolescents is a global issue requiring interventions that target different domains of physical activity, such as active transport. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, historical trends and socio-demographic correlates of active commuting to school (ACS) in a nationwide sample of girls and boys from Germany.MethodsData of commuting behaviour and socio-demographic factors were collected, covering three measurement points from 2003 to 2017. The MoMo Study derived its data from a representative sample of children and adolescents aged 4–17 years who answered a questionnaire (N = 11 387). Statistically significant differences between Baseline, Wave 1 and Wave 2 were determined via 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for complex samples.ResultsOverall, ACS decreased from 84.4% at the first measurement point to 78.3% in the third measurement point. The proportion of cases in which children opted for passive modes of commuting increased predominantly in those aged 4–5 years, in children with a low-to-medium socio-economic status, and in children residing in small- or medium-sized towns. No gender differences were found in active commuting. The results of multinomial logistic regression identified age, migration background and residential area as correlates of walking for boys. For girls, the likelihood of walking, cycling and taking public transport instead of opting for motorized transport increased with age.ConclusionsIntervention programmes to increase active transport in children and adolescents should target different age groups and also consider parental influence in determining the child’s choice of transport mode. PubDate: Sun, 04 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa141 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Drosopoulou G; Sergentanis T, Mastorakos G, et al. Pages: 379 - 384 Abstract: BackgroundBoth deviations from normal weight, namely, underweight and overweight/obese status, have been inversely associated with psychosocial health in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychosocial health and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents in five European countries, while assessing the effect of sociodemographic variables.MethodsA cross-sectional school-based study of adolescents aged 14–17.9 years was conducted in the framework of the European Network for Adolescent Addictive Behavior survey. Self-reported questionnaires from Greece, Iceland, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain were used for the current analysis. Associations between Youth Self-Report (YSR) scales and BMI status were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. The effect of sociodemographic variables was also measured.ResultsΤhe sample consisted of 7005 adolescents aged 14–17.9 years. Borderline/clinical scores on some YSR scales were independently associated with overweight/obesity, specifically total problems (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.18–1.96), internalizing ( OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16–1.91), externalizing (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.68), social (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19–2.35) and thought problems (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20–2.20). Among subscales, overweight/obesity specifically correlated with anxiety/depression (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.33–2.51), withdrawal/depression (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02–2.48) and rule-breaking behavior (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.15–2.08). Underweight was associated with problems on activities (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01–1.68) and withdrawal/depression (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.27–3.01).ConclusionsLower levels of psychosocial health are associated with both deviations from normal weight. These findings suggest the need for health policies that target health habits and lifestyle, as well as positive attitudes towards the body image, with respect to the different psychosocial characteristics of each body weight status category. PubDate: Thu, 05 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa189 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Kinnunen J; Rimpelä A, Lindfors P, et al. Pages: 402 - 408 Abstract: BackgroundStudies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students’ e-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries.MethodsSILNE-R data (N=12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14–17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsAbout 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29).ConclusionsStudents’ e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them. PubDate: Tue, 20 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa145 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Dieteren C; Faber T, van Exel J, et al. Pages: 409 - 417 Abstract: BackgroundThere is debate around the composition of life years gained from smoking elimination. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to synthesize existing evidence on the effect of smoking status on health expectancy and to examine whether smoking elimination leads to compression of morbidity.MethodsFive databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles. Studies that presented quantitative estimates of health expectancy for smokers and non-/never-smokers were eligible for inclusion. Studies were searched, selected and reviewed by two reviewers who extracted the relevant data and assessed the risk of bias of the included articles independently.ResultsThe search identified 2491 unique records, whereof 20 articles were eligible for inclusion (including 26 cohorts). The indicators used to measure health included disability/activity limitations (n=9), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) (n=2), weighted disabilities (n=1), self-rated health (n=9), chronic diseases (n=6), cardiovascular diseases (n=4) and cognitive impairment (n=1). Available evidence showed consistently that non-/never-smokers experience more healthy life years throughout their lives than smokers. Findings were inconsistent on the effect of smoking on the absolute number of unhealthy life years. Findings concerning the time proportionally spent unhealthy were less heterogeneous: nearly all included articles reported that non-/never-smokers experience relatively less unhealthy life years (e.g. relative compression of morbidity).ConclusionsSupport for the relative compression of morbidity due to smoking elimination was evident. Further research is needed into the absolute compression of morbidity hypothesis since current evidence is mixed, and methodology of studies needs to be harmonized. PubDate: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa235 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Enders C; Staudt A, Freyer-Adam J, et al. Pages: 418 - 423 Abstract: BackgroundThe aim was to investigate the suitability of a municipal registry office for alcohol screening and brief intervention. We analyzed whether trial participation and retention differ by alcohol- and health-related, demographic and socio-economic participant characteristics.MethodsOver 3 months, all 18- to 64-year-old visitors of a registry office were systematically screened. Persons with alcohol consumption in the past 12 months (N = 1646) were randomized to brief alcohol intervention (BAI) or assessment only. BAI was delivered by computer-generated individualized feedback letters at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Logistic and ordered logistic regression models were used to investigate whether the odds of trial participation and retention depended on participant characteristics. Models were rerun separately for low-risk and at-risk drinkers with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption scores ≥4/≥5 for women/men indicating at-risk drinking.ResultsThe trial participation rate was 67% with higher odds of participation in younger adults (P < 0.001). Retention rates at 3 and 6 months were 85% and 81%, respectively. Higher retention was associated with older age, higher level of school education and non-smoking (all p-values ≤0.05). Low-risk drinkers were more likely to participate in the trial (P < 0.01) and in post-baseline assessments (P < 0.05) than at-risk drinkers.ConclusionOur data suggest that registry offices could be a suitable setting to reach people from the general population for BAI. Especially the understudied group of low-risk drinkers was well reached through BAI and showed high adherence. BAI that addresses alcohol consumers beyond those at risk may be well accepted in proactively recruited people from the general population. PubDate: Thu, 05 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa195 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Vashishtha R; Pennay A, Dietze P, et al. Pages: 424 - 431 Abstract: BackgroundEvidence suggests adolescent alcohol consumption has declined since the turn of the millennium in almost all high-income countries. However, differences in the timing and magnitude of the decline have not been explored across countries.MethodsWe examined trends in adolescent past month or monthly alcohol consumption prevalence from cross-national or national survey reports for 39 countries and four US territories. For each country, we calculated the magnitude of the decline in youth drinking as the relative change in prevalence from the peak year to the most recent year available. Heat maps were utilized to present the timing and magnitudes of these declines.ResultsThe timing and extent of youth drinking declines have varied markedly across countries. The decline began in the USA before 1999, followed by Northern European countries in the early 2000s; Western Europe and Australasia in the mid-2000s. The steepest declines were found for Northern Europe and the UK, and the shallowest declines were observed in Eastern and Southern European countries.ConclusionsPrevious analyses of the decline in adolescent drinking have emphasized the wide reach of the changes and their near-coincidence in time. Our analysis points to the other side of the picture that there were limits to the wide reach, and that there was considerable variation in timing. These findings suggest that as well as broader explanations that stretch across countries, efforts to explain recent trends in adolescent drinking should also consider factors specific to countries and regions. PubDate: Sat, 14 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa193 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Morris S; Stewart D, Madden M, et al. Pages: 432 - 436 Abstract: BackgroundThis scoping review aims to map the extent, range and nature of qualitative research on people’s ‘perceptions’ of their own alcohol consumption.MethodsA systematic search of five electronic databases was conducted. A total of 915 abstracts were screened and 452 full texts examined, of which 313 papers met the inclusion criteria (including a report of qualitative data on perceptions, experiences or views of people’s own drinking in peer-reviewed journals published in English).ResultsThis study maps the available literature assembled over approximately 30 years, which was found to be extensive and diverse. Many existing studies are focused largely on people’s ‘experiences’ of their own drinking behaviours, particularly when they were drinking in ways commonly understood as heavy, risky or problematic. Fewer studies focused on populations whose drinking was not heavy or was risky in less obvious ways, such as older adults prescribed medications for chronic health conditions. Most studies were conducted since 2010, with the rate of publications increasing since 2014.ConclusionsThis review identifies gaps in the evidence regarding people’s perceptions of their own drinking and opportunities for qualitative studies to make valuable contributions to alcohol research. Gaps discussed include patterns of drinking that are less obviously problematic, and in relation to consumption of alcohol in those parts of the world where overall consumption and harms from alcohol are high. Such studies could usefully be informed by existing studies in the evidence mapping. PubDate: Mon, 23 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa211 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Fuster D; Studer J, Gmel G, et al. Pages: 437 - 441 Abstract: BackgroundInformation about correlates of cannabis vaping in Europe is scarce.MethodsIn a cohort of 1613 Swiss young males currently using cannabis, we used logistic regression, adjusting for age, linguistic region and education to assess the association between sensation seeking, substance use and sociodemographic variables with cannabis vaping.ResultsMean age was 25.38 years, 60.4% had post-secondary education and 57.3% lived in French-speaking cantons; 26.3% met criteria for nicotine dependence, 16.0% met criteria for alcohol use disorder and 34.9% used illicit drugs other than cannabis; 27.4% used cannabis at least twice a week and 27.8% met criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Ninety-four participants (5.8%) reported cannabis vaping (of them 87.4% reported infrequent cannabis vaping). In the adjusted analysis, using joints with no tobacco {adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.45 (1.02–1.76)}, water pipe with [aOR (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.29–2.24)] and without tobacco [aOR (95% CI) = 2.15 (1.60–2.87)], cannabis mixed with food [aOR (95% CI) = 1.61 (1.29–2.02)], using cannabis >2 times a week [aOR (95% CI) = 3.73 (2.40–5.81)], meeting criteria for CUD [aOR (95% CI) = 4.19 (2.70–6.50)], using illicit drugs other than cannabis [aOR (95% CI) = 1.88 (1.23–2.87)], weekly number of alcohol drinks [aOR (95% CI) = 1.01 (1.00–1.03)] and living in the German-speaking area of Switzerland [aOR (95% CI) = 2.70 (1.71–4.25)] were associated with higher odds of cannabis vaping; post-secondary schooling [aOR (95% CI) = 0.37 (0.16–0.86)] and vocational training [aOR (95% CI) = 0.41 (0.17–0.99)] (as opposed to primary schooling) were associated with lower odds of cannabis vaping.ConclusionCannabis vaping might be a marker of riskier behaviours among cannabis users. PubDate: Mon, 09 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa176 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
Authors:Zeegers Paget D; Nagyova I, Zeegers Paget D, et al. Pages: 449 - 453 Abstract: In this European Public Health news, I am happy to present the plans of EUPHA’s next-generation network, called EUPHAnxt. Brinzac presents the new vision of EUPHAnxt: creating a strong and durable network of future public health professionals to ensure that EUPHA’s voice will continue to be loud, clear and unbiased. This is in line with EUPHA’s new strategy and objectives, whereby evidence should be the basis for policy and practice and evidence itself should be easily accessible. PubDate: Tue, 24 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab022 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 2 (2020)
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