Authors:Christian Chidi Okeke Pages: 1 - 21 Abstract: Internal security challenges in Nigeria, particularly herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts, have worsened over time. In Anambra state, clashes by the two groups have equally persisted. The key concern of this study was on the effect of this challenge on national development in Nigeria. In essence, the objective of this study was to examine how herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state have affected national development in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study, the following hypothesis was posed: Herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state have not supported national development in Nigeria. Anchored on the Eco-Violence Theory and the Deprivation, Frustration and Aggression Theory as the frameworks for analysis, the study adopted descriptive survey design and Questionnaire as instrument for data collection. Analysis of data was quantitatively carried out. Among other things, the study found out that herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state have some negative consequences which include loss of lives, farmlands, cattle and property; worsened level of poverty and threat to jobs. It also found out that Nigeria cannot achieve national development in the face of the recurring herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in Anambra state as the impacts affect the rest of the country. In view of the findings, the study recommended the need for the state government to devise strategies for effective implementation of its Cattle and Other Livestock Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law 2021. It equally recommended Federal Government’s proactive intervention in ending the herdsmen and farmers’ conflicts in the state. PubDate: 2022-04-23 DOI: 10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i130294
Authors:Olusegun Oladeinde Pages: 22 - 28 Abstract: In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic, the first primary and immediate response of countries all over the world, including Nigeria, has been to introduce series of protocol, including lockdown ( and its “relaxation”), and other public heath guidelines on the large section of the population and business activities, as attempts to reduce the spread of the pandemic. However, implicated in the lockdown protocols has also been “irreparable damage” on the people, and their socio-economic activities; unleashing twin problems of deprivation and anxiety, for people in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). The paper analyses and provides a critical understanding of current dimensions and implications of COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and livelihood of a particular category of Nigerian population refers to as vulnerable group. It evaluates the current policy response and intervention programs of public authority in Nigeria, in mitigating the impact of the crisis. Evidence continue to show that strict lockdown directives not only affect social life of the people, but more significantly, with dire consequences on their livelihood. PubDate: 2022-04-23 DOI: 10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i130295
Authors:Olusegun Oladeinde Pages: 29 - 37 Abstract: The concept of social process is further explicated in this paper as a route to further understand employment relations system; in its comparative perspectives and analysis. The paper argues that analysis of employment relations needs to focus on context i.e. specifics, and cross national patterns of cultural/social process trajectories, in the explanation of institutional structures and characteristics that influence the dynamics and functions of a variety of employment relations systems. Review of extant literature on employment relations system calls for a re-cast, and embedding of social process into employment relations analysis. Such nuanced perspective seeks to adequately explain national employment relations institutions and their outcomes in historicity and context. Integrating cultural/social process nuances into our understanding, significantly explains all the dimensions embedded in a national employment relations system. PubDate: 2022-04-23 DOI: 10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i130296
Authors:M. A. Nguyễn Thị Minh Huế Pages: 38 - 47 Abstract: Mural paintings in An Định Palace include decorative floral arrangements, European motifs combined with Huế's traditional motifs, especially the six landscape paintings of the mausoleums of the six former emperors of the Nguyễn Dynasty. They were drawn with oil paint applied directly on the walls of the interior space in the Khải Tường pavilion. The works reflect the values of human life, aesthetic ideals, the East-West visual aesthetics, and the unique aesthetic and French cultural influences upon Emperor Khải Định. Through the murals, he expressed deep memories of his ancestors. Additionally, these six landscape paintings imply the topic of mausoleums - which indicates the world of death and its heavy atmosphere. It brings the hidden aesthetic codes, especially arising from the life and the physiology of Emperor Khải Định, which have been left unanswered. PubDate: 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i130298
Authors:Maimuna Begum, Bibi Marium Pages: 48 - 60 Abstract: Aims: Lemon is a popular citrus fruit in Bangladesh. Post-harvest management is very important to make lemon production profitable. The current study was carried out to measure the post-harvest practices of lemon farmers, to identify the determinants or factors influencing post-harvest losses of lemon at farm levels, and the associated problems of lemon farmers. Study Design: This article is about investigating the determinants or factors influencing post-harvest losses of lemon farmers and is placed on empirical analysis. It was also conducted to determine the practices and problems regarding post-harvest of lemon at the farm levels. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in purposively selected five intensivelemon growing villages of Sreemangal Upazila in the Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh purposively selected as they signify the top lemon (e.g. local, bilati, and china varieties) producing areas of Moulvibazar district. The study period was the harvesting season of lemons from April to May 2019. Methodology: The relevant data were collected using structured questionnaires via face-to-face interviews with 160 lemon farmers that were selected using simple random sampling. The post-harvest practices of lemon farmers were measured by using descriptive statistics. The farm-level determinants of post-harvest losses of lemon in the survey areas were identified using a multiple linear regression model, and the Problem Faced Index (PFI) was generated to assess the severity of the particular problem of lemon farmers in the study areas. Results: From descriptive statistics results, it is found that farmers in the study area harvested their lemons under mature green conditions (67.6 percent) to reap the benefits of a longer life span, and 59.5 percent of them use the bamboo basket for packaging and transportation purposes. Lemon farmers were using manual vans (48.7 percent) and motor driving rickshaws (25.3 percent) to carry their products in the market. From the multiple linear regression model, it is shown that the key determinants of post-harvest losses in the study area were total production, labor, transportation, storage, distance, market place, and lemon farmers’ farming experience. Lack of storage facilities was the greatest severe problem for lemon farmers, after overproduction and supply of lemon in the peak season, lack of quality seed, high input prices, disease infection, insect infestation, and so on. Conclusion: Therefore, this study highlights developing suitable storage facilities, convenient transportation, scientific harvesting methods, and a fair price policy to reduce lemon post-harvest losses at the farm levels. PubDate: 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i130299
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