Authors:Seray ALTUNÖZ Abstract: XIII. It is known that many tradesmen and artisans Turks migrated to Anatolia with the invasion movement of the Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan in the 19th century. As a matter of fact, we see that the Ahilik organization was established in such an environment in this period when Anatolian cities will begin to be newly formed. In this study, in general, the transformation of this migration from the future of the Ahi into an organization, the connection between the Ahi and the future, the formation of the organization, its meaning and significance are discussed. In addition, the process of starting to implement the organization in Bolu Mudurnu, its impact on different areas of society and the process of deterioration of the institution were described. The social reflections of the Ahi community, its contributions to different segments of the society, beyond being an institution, producing solutions to various problems of the society in social, economic, cultural and different areas, and its activities to create social value have been tried to be explained in detail by acting on the example of Mudurnu. The Ahi organization, which developed during the Ahi Evran period in the 13th century, is a professional-moral organization that was put into practice about eight hundred years ago and successfully implemented. The Ottoman town of Mudurnu, known for keeping the Ahi culture alive, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2015 with the title “Mudurnu Historical Ahi City; Witnesses of Ahiism (Bolu)”. PubDate: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ahmet BEKAROĞLU; Halit ÖZDEN Abstract: The Turks, who spread from Turkistan to Anatolia and from Anatolia to other countries and continents with the spirit of conquest, have made nature and the animals living in it the nature an inseparable part of their daily lives, both in their migration movements and in the places where they have settled. Calm-tempered animals such as deer, which are at a trainable level, were used in freight transportation, especially in the first conquest periods of Anatolia; it was used extensively in the construction of mosques, complexes, inns and baths. The first Alperens who came to Kastamonu also used deer. It is possible to see antlers as an example of fidelity at the entrance of many shrines in Kastamonu, where the narrations about deer are told. Wolves have had an important place in the lives of Turks in the historical process. The leading wolves to whom value is attributed are Gökbörü and Bozkurt (Gray wolf). These two types were valued in connection with power and prestige. In the article, the extension of the wolf and deer beliefs from past to present in Kastamonu was investigated by scanning the articles in the literature with field research, interviews with source people, on-site detection and archiving. The beliefs about wolves and deer that still persist in Kastamonu have been compiled and the narratives have been evaluated to examine the reality of these beliefs and whether they still continue or not. In the ancient Turkish city of Kastamonu, the views and opinions about these beliefs, which came from the ancestral homeland, were expressed based on the narratives and visuals obtained through field research, especially the source people who are still alive. PubDate: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Elif EKİNCİ ÖZYARDIMCI Abstract: As ecological problems reach a global dimension and threaten all living things, these problems have been on the world agenda especially in the last period of the 20th century and the attention of feminists has turned to ecology movements. This process brought a new dimension to women's studies in the western societies of the 1980s: Ecofeminism. Global ecological problems, which started to make itself felt in the 1970s and enveloping the world, started to be of interest in ideologies as well as in many areas of social life. At this point, ecosocialism came to the fore with the ecology discussions within the Marxist framework, and it started with the determination that the capitalist mode of production in Marxist thought exploits both labor and nature. In the first part of the study, the concept of ecofeminism, environmental ecofeminist approaches from the perspective of ecofeminism, and criticisms of ecofeminism will take place. In the second part, the ecosocialism approach will be discussed; The concepts of ecocentrism and technocentrism will be explained. Marxist approaches to nature and environment will be discussed. In the conclusion part, a general evaluation will be made about these two approaches. PubDate: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ayşe KAVUNCU; Malang FAYE Abstract: The article argues that Russia's decision to initiate an attack on Ukraine in February 2022 was an inevitable move for both its material and ontological security. By adopting an offensive stance and directly engaging in a conflict with a former Soviet country, Russia transformed the ongoing tension with the West into a full-fledged confrontation. At this juncture, the article primarily emphasizes that Russia's assault on Ukraine has solidified its "anti-Western" rhetoric, which serves as a crucial pillar of its ontological security. However, it asserts that while this aggression bolstered the anti-Western discourse to some extent, it also harmed Russia's ontological security in terms of other biographical narratives and routines. In essence, the article examines the historical development of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and delves beyond the concrete steps taken, exploring the dangers posed by such aggressive behavior to Russia's ontological security, particularly with regard to its biographical narratives and routines. Within this framework, the article posits that Russia's ontological security relies on contemporary biographical narratives and routines rooted in the discourse of the “continuing state”, "strong state", sovereign democracy," "anti-Westernism," "anti-globalism," and "neo-Eurasianism.". PubDate: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mustafa YENİ; Deniz TABAKCIOĞLU Abstract: Exams are a method used to measure a person's knowledge and experience. Examinations, which were a part of the Ottoman education system, became more important especially with the modernization of the military structure. In this study, the reports written about the exams held at the Naval School in 1912 will be analyzed. The reports were prepared after the transition to the British system in Ottoman naval officer training. Therefore, the reports examine the expectations from the new education model and the problems observed in the education system in this regard. Here, on the one hand, the opinions of the educators on the training of naval officers will be discussed from the perspective of the educators, and on the other hand, the expectations of the students in choosing the profession of naval officer will be evaluated from the reports. The main source of the reports is derived from a file in the folder located in the Naval History Archive. In addition, the study, which is enriched with other archival documents, will try to illuminate the invisible aspects of the Ottoman naval officer training based on original sources. PubDate: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +030
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