Authors:Muharrem Selçuk ÜNAL Abstract: During the period of President İsmet İnönü, Minister of National Education Hasan Ali Yücel and General Director of Primary Education İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, the Law on Village Institutes was accepted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on April 17, 1940. Four Village teacher schools opened in 1937-38 were transformed into Village institutes with this law. It is seen that the number of village institutes reached 21 in 1948. The village institutes that were opened during the years of the Second World War were able to receive very limited financial support from the state. In this context, village institute students and teachers were greatly affected by the limited opportunities in education and training. Therefore, while forming the aim of the article, how the practices of village institutes shape the lives of teachers and students within the framework of current conditions; The analyzes and evaluations made are revealed with the memories of the said section personally. Looking at the past 14 years, it has been seen that the target audience in this field, which has an important place in Turkish national education and is just as controversial, where great hopes and goals are aimed, is indisputably students. The best way to understand their daily life styles during the time they spend in classroom, workshop, field and weekend activities is; to learn their stories from them. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ufuk ADAK Abstract: As the capital of Aydın Province, Izmir, such as Salonica and Beirut, became one of the important trade hubs of the East Mediterranean. Shifting from the shabby wooden piers to the actual harbors constructed in Izmir between 1869 and 1875 boosted the economic activities of the city. The increase in international trade also resulted in the concession hunting between France and Britain which could be seen in the case of the power struggle over the management of the Izmir Port. Based on the Ottoman archival sources, Hizmet newspaper published in Ottoman in Izmir, and the nineteenth-century French and British press, this article aims to examine the multi-layered history of Izmir Port from the perspective of international concession hunting. In addition to Dussaud Fréres, the investor company and the representatives of rival companies, the French and British press were also involved in the discussions about the construction and management of Izmir Port. Izmir Port, constructed by the Dussauds, a Marseillan Company, which increased the export of agricultural products of the West Anatolian hinterland, became one of the key economic, social, and cultural spheres of Izmir that was on the travel route of European travelers in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Erkam TEMİR Abstract: The semi-autocratic and semi-democratic political regimes that started to emerge after the Cold War were called ‘hybrid regimes’. In the beginning, hybrid regimes were seen as a stage before the transition to full democracy. Although some hybrid regimes have democratized over the years, some have not changed at all, and even some of them have become more autocratic. Therefore, theories about hybrid regimes have started to evolve. In this article, Russian political scientist Ekaterina Mikhailovna Schulmann's views on political science criticism and hybrid regimes are discussed. Schulmann is shown among the most influential political scientists and most influential women in Russia. Schulmann’s ideas and observations on hybrid regimes are valuable as they offer an insider and original view. In fact, western theorists built the main lines in the formation of the concept. However, her approach went beyond being a local adaptation of the ideas of western theorists. Expanding the theoretical framework of the concept, Shulman developed the theory and established a balanced link between theory and truth. The article includes Schulmann's critique of political science. Her ideas about hybrid regimes are discussed. Issues such as the functioning of decision-making processes in hybrid regimes, how the power has changed hands, and the tendency of autocratization and democratization have been examined. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ilgın Gizem SEVİM Abstract: Events that happened within the twentieth century such as World War I, Great Depression, World War II and the Cold War had a great and global impact that encouraged states to seek alliances in order not to be alone in the international arena. In this study, Turkey-South Korea relations examined as one of these alliance searches and tried to be evaluated. From the beginning of the relations of the two countries to the friendship stage and the reasons of this situation; economic, political, cultural, military and technological relations up to the present aimed to evaluate on a periodic basis. Although the communication of countries with each other seems to be a necessity on a global basis, it also provides opportunities for their development. From this point of view, the similarities and differences between them were tried to be revealed; what is the dimension of the relationship between the two countries, the present situation has been examined, the deficiencies in the relations, the similarities and the extent to which these deficiencies can be carried have been evaluated and suggestions have been made for further development. From the evaluations made upon two countries, it has been tried to comprehend how the country’s international relations should be. Therefore, in our opinion, with the understanding of the size, level and strength of the relations to be established between Turkey and South Korea and the development of relations as a result of the efforts of the two countries; it will ensure the formation of the “Turkey-South Korea Model” in the field of international relations. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Kader ALTIN; Elif KÖMÜRCÜ Abstract: The concept of “levirate” is the name given to the tradition of a woman whose husband dies, marrying one of her husband’s remaining male relatives in its broadest sense. There are many components shaping the cultural context that feeds the levirate, but the most important is the secondary sphere in which women are positioned. Women are considered as property of men within this sphere. The house chosen by the wife is the house of the husband. However, the way to gain a legitimate position in that house is to maintain the role of an active bride. The key to this legitimate continuity is the levirate. Since widowed women do not initiate a legal claim process under oral law, it has become even more difficult to stop the process leading to the levirate because the custody of the man’s family is accepted as legitimate in traditional culture. Levirate marriages constitute a policy of the Turkic States, and they have enabled them to become a dominant/power in the region by establishing kinships. Because, the woman to be married was chosen to serve a political interest in previous Turkic States. The deterioration of the state order was prevented after the death of a husband, the woman was not allowed to return to her own family, and the state order was maintained by remarrying from within the dynasty. The present study, the practice of levirate, which is one of the forms of marriage that finds application in traditional societies, focused on the nine levirate marriages of the ruling class in the Mameluke State, revealed that, unlike the levirate marriages in Turkish political life before, the marriages were not made on the basis of establishing a political bond. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Tayfun YILDIRIM Abstract: Edward Palmer Thompson, who considers class as a relation and a process, has developed an original Marxist theory of class. Thompson criticized structuralist Marxism, which treats classes as carriers of structures. He emphasized the power of the class to be a subject. Thompson, who traced the class relations in the everyday experiences of ordinary people, developed a humanistic historical methodology. In this study, which aims to examine E.P Thompson's class theory, Thompson's classes will be discussed in line with a broad theoretical spectrum and accompanied by a rich conceptual repertoire to show that he adds great wealth to Marxist class theory. First of all, it will be tried to explain the humanist historical perspective on which Thompson's class theory is based. Afterward, Thompson's class theory will be examined in general, based on his theses in his work titled ‘The Making of the English Working Class’. Thompson's theory of class will be discussed in comparison with other Marxist class theories (especially structuralist Marxist class theory) and the originality of the concept of class as a relation and process will be shown. Finally, it will be argued that Thompson's theory of class transcends the dualisms of subject-determination, class-structure, praxis-historical obligation. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
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