Authors:Thomas F. Remington Abstract: The recent publication of Kenneth Dyson’s book Conservative Liberalism, Liberalism, Ordo-Liberalism, and the State offers an occasion to reconsider the body of ideas known as ordoliberalism. The books reviewed here represent much of the most recent scholarship in English on the subject. In this essay, I undertake two tasks: first, to clarify what the term properly refers to and in particular how it is related to “neoliberalism,” and, second, to consider its influence on postwar German policies and institutions. I argue that much of the recent discussion of ordoliberalism and neoliberalism overlooks important differences between early ordoliberal thinking and the ideas associated with neoliberalism. Over time, as neoliberalism evolved and particularly as it became an ideological justification for policies and institutions justifying the accumulation of concentrated market power, these differences have become wider even as they have been obscured by misreadings of ordoliberalism. A better understanding of ordoliberalism can also provide insights relevant to the contemporary debates about the crisis of liberal democracy and capitalism. Is it in fact a “third way” for ordering an economy, an alternative to neoliberalism and socialism' PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.161 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Konstantin F. Zavershinskiy, Alexander I. Koryushkin Abstract: The article examines qualitative changes in the socio-cultural parameters of intergenerational communication that impact social cohesion and civic identification in contemporary society. Diversification of symbol production and an increase in the number of agents of political communications, a greater heterogeneity of political ideologies, and modes of political representation shape political processes. To adequately address these changes, one needs new theoretical models of political socialization. Such models would examine youth political incorporation as a particular form of communication predicated on the spatial and temporal design of political events within national communities. The focus on generational differences in the interpretation of political events helps explain youth positioning vis-à-vis older generations. In this case, political socialization goes beyond the processes of the younger generation’s adaptation to institutions and value-normative regimes of the “adult” society. It is a communicative process of establishing generational political expectations. Analysis of the legitimating profiles of national memory—those that include competing symbolic representations of images of the future and the past, typologies of the heroic, concepts of guilt and responsibility—is crucial to studying the political socialization of the younger generation. The authors emphasize the significance of both a theoretical and applied analysis of symbolic structures of political memory and the role of iconic power in understanding intergenerational continuity and change. Drawing on the methods of cultural sociology, the authors outline novel theoretical approaches to studying youth political socialization in today's society. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.162 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sofya B. Abramova, Natalya L. Antonova, Riccardo Campa, Natalia G. Popova Abstract: With the advance of technoscience, digital technologies have started to reshape the traditional array of social fears experienced by younger generations by triggering the appearance of new, digital fears. In this article, we undertake a sociological analysis to investigate the concept of digital fears both theoretically and empirically. Our survey conducted among Russian young people aged 18–30 in 2020 (N = 1050, Sverdlovsk region, Russian Federation) showed that fear is a distinctive characteristic of the social well-being of this generation. Moreover, fear tends to become more pronounced both quantitatively (i.e., the frequency of emergence) and qualitatively (i.e. the emergence of new types). The identified digital fears of young people allowed us to draw their typology. Depending on the specifics of digital threat, the following types were distinguished: those associated with impact and control, crime and security, communication and activity, technology and innovation, and social inequality. We show that the expanding range of social fears leads to the formation of catastrophic thinking in young people, thereby affecting the level of social well-being and distorting the image of the future. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.163 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Andrey V. Rezaev, Natalia D. Tregubova, Anastasia A. Ivanova Abstract: Modern states need an understandable, quantifiable, and predictable object of regulation—the population. Epidemiological situations, such as the pandemic of COVID-19, pose a clear and significant threat to the manageability of the population. Thus, the widespread introduction of a lockdown as a regulatory method during the current pandemic could be associated with the need to preserve an understandable and quantifiable management object. This paper considers, analyses, and compares two' deviant' cases of COVID-19pandemin responses: South Korea and Sweden. In South Korea, the pandemic regulations were dominated by large-scale testing and contact tracing, while lockdown policies have played a supplementary role. Sweden’s attempt to develop population immunity by introducing less stringent measures that its neighbours has attracted much attention worldwide. The authors conduct desk research and analyze secondary data on pandemic regulations and their effects in these two countries in 2020. Similarities and differences between Swedish and South Korean cases are formulated regarding trust inside and between the states. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.164 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Evgeny V. Popov, Anna Yu. Veretennikova, Kseniya М. Kozinskaya Abstract: In the present work, the authors set out to identify common ground between social entrepreneurship and the sharing economy, justify the application of these models for the sustainable development of society, as well as conduct a bibliographic study into these concepts to identify areas of overlap between them. For a more in-depth analysis, we studied 20 social entrepreneurs and 20 English versions of websites of organizations that implement the sharing economy model. Based on semantic data analysis and latent Dirichlet allocation, the texts under examination were grouped into 5 topics according to frequency of occurrence of keywords using the Python programming language. In order to trace a connection between these topics and sustainable development, we selected words that can serve as markers of environmental, social and economic aspects of the activities of these organizations. Each identified topic has appeared to have an aspect of digitalization. The study revealed that the application of the sharing economy model by social entrepreneurs and companies contributes to the sustainable development of society. The obtained results can be used in elaboration of approaches to provide the sustainable development of society. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.165 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sikandar Sikandar, Sanaullah Panezai, Shahab E. Saqib, Said Muhammad, Bilal Bilal, Imran Khan Abstract: Children are forced to work when families face financial pressures due to poverty, illness, or the loss of jobs. There is, however, still a perceived lack of research on the key factors contributing to child labor in Pakistan. This study examines the determinants of child labor in Mardan and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 200 households were interviewed. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from the family heads whose children are in child labor. A stepwise-regression model was adopted to explore the strength of the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The dependent variable was the child labor ratio and the independent variables were the socio-economic and demographic’ characteristics such as age, education, family size, parents’ occupation, adult males and females, family income. The findings show that the family size was the most important determinant of child labor. Likewise, the number of adult females, parents’ occupation as daily wages labor, and the parents’ age had a positive influence on the extent of child labor. However, the number of adult males, family income, and parents’ education had a negative relationship with the extent of child labor. The questionnaire survey had shown that families considered poverty to be the main reason behind child labor, unemployment was the second reason and the third was number of dependent females within the families. Therefore, the government may target these families from lower socio-economic backgrounds to disseminate information about family planning and also include these people in the current governmental program to help them financially. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.166 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Mojtaba Valibeigi, Sakineh Maroofi, Sara Danay Abstract: This article aims to address the issues of segregation, and gender discrimination in the traditional culture of Iranian home. Accordingly, a reading of the home with emphasis on its territories and the issues of segregation and gendering is done and the social characteristics of the home has studied. Using expert opinions, seven house samples are selected. Then, with reviewing plans, maps, interviews, and visual observations, it is conducted a content analysis of activities, social relations, and physical features. The results show that individual values have forgotten and, the privacy is defined as a collective state for a family. Under the management of the father, the home was a biological and economic nature and, the activity patterns, the division of works, the food preparation at house, and social relationships are completely influenced by gender. Due to the definition of space with fixed elements like walls and entrances, the Issue of segregation is more fixed. Finally, it seems that Iranian home culture further emphasizes to the concepts like confidentiality, purity, cooperation, and humility. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.167 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Andrey B. Berzin, Aleksey V. Maltsev, Natalya A. Zavyalova Abstract: The paper presents a comparative analysis of sociological data concerning teachers working in the Sverdlovsk Region (Russian Federation). The data was collected in 1989, 2016, and 2021. The surveys investigated social ideas and stereotypes reflecting public attitudes towards teachers in Russia and teaching communities. The research is based on a hybrid multi-paradigm methodology comprising systemic, structural, functional, generalized, temporal, and procedural descriptions. We used the data obtained from questionnaires surveying teachers in 1989 (n = 1183 participants), 2016 (n = 529 participants), 2021 (n = 412 participants). Data processing was carried out with the help of the VORTEX software application. The comparative data analysis demonstrated that, while the proportion of female teachers and teachers of older age groups has increased over three decades, this has been accompanied by an increase in the education level. It is significant that the motivation for selecting the teaching profession and overall levels of satisfaction remained the same. However, at the same time, assessments of the possibility to advance through a teaching career and professional well-being have noticeably deteriorated. Among key factors affecting teachers’ satisfaction are physical conditions, low wages, lack of time for private life and the stress of endless school reforms. All of this has led to a decline in the prestige of the teaching profession along with the formation of a negative image. The paper describes efforts required to ensure the enhancement of the teaching profession in the Russian Federation. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.168 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Svetlana V. Ryazanova Abstract: The article examines social instruments used to consolidate small religious groups in modern society. Such groups are viewed as a variant of the development of a local Orthodox parish founded as communities of like-minded people. The object of our consideration is an isolated religious group that has existed in the Perm region (Russia). This group evolved from an Orthodox parish to a modern-type spiritual group that used non-Orthodox sources of information and was headed by a female leader. The study identifies the social instruments that were the most effective for the consolidation of this small religious community. The research includes the reconstruction of the history of the community and the analysis of the materials of spiritual seminars of the group, reflecting the gradual transformation of the teachings and the change in the status of the leader of the group. The research data were acquired from several sources: interviews and personal correspondence of the author with former members of the group, materials of journalistic investigations, etc. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.169 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Tigran S. Simyan Abstract: Sergei Parajanov was one of the most innovative directors of postwar Soviet cinema, which made him suspect to the Soviet authorities and eventually led Parajanov to serving a prison sentence. This article discusses how the trauma of Parajanov’s prison experience was reflected in the textual and visual output (letters, drawings and collages) that he created during his imprisonment out of the materials at hand. The study relies on comparative-historical and semiotic methods. Parajanov’s homosexuality made his position in prison precarious and ambiguous. He went through a variety of occupations and laboriously navigated both the prison hierarchy and Soviet penal system’s vigilant control. However, by his own count, Parajanov crafted 800 objects during his imprisonment. The article explores the recurring motives such as the crane hook, halo, and a hunched posture. This imagery is placed in the context of Parajanov’s everyday life in prison and is interpreted in the light of his textual documents from that period. PubDate: 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.170 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
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