Authors:Fegani BEYLER Abstract: Extensive scientific, philosophical and artistic activities were carried out in the Islamic World’s various science and civilization centers during the early Middle Ages. In these centers, noteworthy works of mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, pharmacology, optics, botany, chemistry and other fields of science, which would later determine improvement paths for these fields, were created.Abu al-Izz Ismail ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari (12th-13th centuries), was a magnificent Muslim scientist known for his work named The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (Kitab fi ma‘rifati’l-hiyal al-handasiyya) and he was born in geography where many scientists were trained. He contributed to the development of science and civilization, the joint legacy of humanity and demonstrated his true capability and success in the field of ilm al-hiyal (the scientific field which addresses the information and practices regarding mechanical technology and engineering in Islamic science history). From this perspective, it is evident that al-Jazari had a wide field of interest, made his mark in the age he lived in with his brave and innovative ideas, and was a wise engineer.al-Jazari’s detailed descriptions and explanations of water clocks, oil lamp clocks and water pumping machines, as well as their construction, were astounding. In addition, al-Jazari’s studies on metal casting techniques, cone valves, wheel balance and the real-world use of aspiration tubes are important in contemporary engineering studies. When all these are considered, it becomes clear that his designation as the “Leonardo da Vinci of the Islamic World” is not a coincidence.Many studies on al-Jazari’s scientific legacy have been conducted in various parts of the world. There are various manuscripts of his aforementioned book. Based on these manuscripts, the work has been -fully or partially- translated into many languages, including Turkish. The German and English translations served as a basis for studies on al-Jazari in other languages.In recent years, studies conducted on al-Jazari in Türkiye (books, articles, domestic and international symposiums, congresses etc.) have demonstrated his brilliance and competence as a scientist. Furthermore, studies on al-Jazari are still ongoing in Türkiye.As for Russia, the scientific legacy of the scientists raised in the Islamic World such as Avicenna, al-Farabi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, al-Battani, al-Kashi, Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was researched within the scope of a special plan and program. Depending on the relevant studies, al-Jazari and his work drew attention as well.A small portion of the aforementioned Russian studies is known in Türkiye. It is safe to assume that al-Jazari studies in Russia are virtually unknown in Türkiye.The present study primarily aims to contribute to the literature on the scientific legacy of al-Jazari, a Middle Age Islamic scientist best known for his famous work in the mechanical field. More specifically, the present study aims to:1) to identify the studies on al-Jazari in Russia, and in the former USSR countries, where academic studies are still in Russian after the Soviet Union period, to create a chronological biography and to set forth their compilation; in other words, to create a bibliography which includes Russian studies on al-Jazari;2) to provide information on the structure and content of the studies in question, to detect the methodological issues encountered in these works, and make solution recommendations to solve these issues;3) to contribute to continuing and future studies in Türkiye on al-Jazari in terms of source and material index.In conclusion, it should be stated that comparative reading was conducted centered on The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (Kitab fi ma‘rifati’l-hiyal al-handasiyya). It should also be noted that Russian popular internet publications (which are not based on academic research and are created/reproduced for commercial and personal purposes) were excluded from the assessment. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Murat SEL Abstract: Farabi, a Turkish-Islamic philosopher, lived between approximately 870-950 years and is considered one of the most important Islamic philosophers. In this study, the virtuous or virtuous cities of this great Islamic philosopher were examined and tried to be compared with each other. According to him, the purpose of human birth is happiness and this happiness can only be achieved in virtuous or virtuous cities. While investigating what qualifications a person or people who could be president or chief should have in this virtuous city, it was also examined who and to what extent Farabi might have been affected. According to Farabi, virtuous life is possible only in virtuous societies or cities. He also revealed the qualities of cities that are not virtuous and explained the mistakes they made one by one. Although he lived more than a thousand years ago, he is a rare philosopher who sees the future and evaluates and interprets societies accordingly. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Azmi TURKAN; Nuri TÜRK, Muhittin ÖZDEMİR Abstract: It is known that moral and ethical values are sometimes ignored in educational activities. Cheating, which is one of these behaviors, can be handled within the ethical and unethical behaviors of students in the educational process. The purpose of this research is to examine the views of pre-service teachers about cheating behavior in the context of students, teachers and supervisors and to determine the reasons for cheating. In addition, it was tried to determine how pre-service teachers evaluated cheating behavior in the context of ethical and moral values. Phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 28 pre-service teacher determined by criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. The criterion of this research was determined as taking the Morality and Ethics in Education course at the undergraduate level in teacher education. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect the data. The data were analysed using content analysis technique in Nvivo qualitative analysis programme. Research findings show that students cheat for academic, emotional and systemic reasons. While the participants evaluated cheating behavior in terms of values; considered it in the context of supervisor, student and teacher. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet Ali EROĞLU Abstract: The color of turquoise, which is identified with Turkish culture and art, has taken part in literature as Turkish color with using in many Turkish communities from Central Asia to the present, in the Seljuk and Ottoman period. The turquoise color, which is generally used in architectural structures, mosques, tiles, ceramics and items using daily was used as turquoise blue in the Ottoman period. In order to search the signs and similarities of Turkish culture and art in different continents, field and literature research was conducted on different dates. I t has been determined that the turquoise color has been used in patterns, motifs, symbols, clothes, accessories and jewellery in many objects examined in the National Museum of the American where Indian culture is located (National Museum of the American ındian). This research was conducted to determine whether this color known as Turkish color in the literature has a relation with Turkish culture and art in another continent that doesn’t have a border. Related to the subject, field research examining Native Amrican culture and art was conducted in 2015 by visiting the regions of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Chinle, Gallup, Hubel, Santa Fe, Shiprock, Ganado, Albuquerque in North America, which are located on the American continent. Altough the color turquoise has been used in different places and in different shapes in Turkish art and Native American culture, it has been revealed that there is a paralellism in the meaning it imposes.Both communities have made turquoise a part of their culture. They consecrated the turquoise color by attrubiting mythlogical meanings. Turquoise is one of the important colors that has many meanings for Native Americans.The color of turquoisehas always been believed to represent prestige and power among Native Americans. Turquoise color and stones are very common in this community that is one of the important indigenous tribes of the United States, known as the Navajo tribe. During the research; in the source researches on Native American rugs, clothes, bead shoes called loafers, bags and jewellery, it has been understood that the American Indians, who live in the area called reservation area, which is the largest settlement in North America, frequently use turquoise color and it has been appeared that turqoise Stone has been used in decoration of many objects and turquoise color beads have been preferred especially in the decoration of shoe and daily used objects.It is understood that turquoise is also consecrated as a color in both Turkish and Native American culture and art. The reason why the Indian communities use turquoise and its color frequently is that one of the mineral deposits where turquoise stone is extracted in the world being in this region. Altough it is desired to investigate how this color, which took its place in the literature as a Turkish color at the beginning of the research, went to the USA continent and why it was used, the result can be explained by the fact that there are many turquoise Stone mineral deposits there. This similarity that is only seen as a color similarity between cultures can be explained by the mystical meaning of this color in both cultures. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Feyzi KAYSİ; Emrah AYDEMİR, Sevinç GÜLSEÇEN Abstract: The usage areas and intensities of technological devices in daily life are increasing. In this regard, the effects of these devices in the field of education have started to be seen more. With the practices that support professional education practices, students' professional perceptions and skills are tried to be developed. Knowing and implementing these studies by university students can also increase the effectiveness of these practices. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of university students' smartphone and internet use on their professional development. In this context, study was carried out with qualitative techniques. The study designed in a case study pattern, data was collected through a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained were carried out by face-to-face interview method and voice recordings were taken during the interviews in line with the participants' permissions. After the transcripts of the voice recordings, the data obtained were subjected to content analysis. Among the findings of the study, Research, Smart Phone and Internet Usage, and Professional Development themes were revealed. In the study, it is understood that the use of smartphones and the internet positively affects the professional development of students. In this context, it is prominent that the smartphone and mobile internet give the opportunity to make instant research on the subject or a problem. Via the internet, watching videos for professional purposes and accessing articles have been identified as important advantages of these tools. However, in case of uncontrolled usage, it was stated that it negatively affected the skill acquisition in the lessons. These negative situations were expressed as being unable to focusing for courses, distraction and smartphone addiction. Among the suggestions of the study, it was stated that more professional practices should be produced to increase the professional skills of students. In addition, faculty members can be provided lists to students for professional practices and websites to increase students' smartphone and internet usage efficiency. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Serap Melek ERYAZICI Abstract: Memoir which is one of the most common genre in the literary field has a special place in terms of presenting historical and social facts. A memoir is not the history itself but one of the aiding tools to understand history. This particular genre primarily focuses on the events and the phenomena that leaves traces in a personal account. It sheds light on historians, researchers and to those who contribute studies on psychosocial and socio-political issues. Most importantly, it makes the facts remembered for all times. In this regard, the purpose of this particular study is to explore how memoir as a literary non-fiction genre promotes sustainable awareness of gender-based injustice against women as presented in I am Malala (2013) by Malala Yousafzai and Christina Lamb. It is widely acknowledged that patriarchy and dominant masculine perception of gender norms have institutionalized power over women in many parts of the world. Much research on global gender-based inequalities has shed light on the particular effects and bitter consequences of applied dogmatic socio-political sanctions against women's rights. Among the most important factors for female gender role trauma can be shown as the violation of rights and freedom due to the lack of legal protection. To view how gender-based injustice is produced and justified as two critical means of power, one should highlight the domains of ideology and power dynamics. Especially in South Asia countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan, government policies impose ideological constraints on women's rights. In this regard, literary analysis is an effective way to create universal awareness of the destructive effects of patriarchal hegemony, sex bias, and stereotypical labeling. As this genre suggests, the memoirs collected in the book constitute a work of high significance that reflects the effects of gender discrimination via historical events and promotes universal awareness. Thus, the study will carry out qualitative research by focusing on the published book as the main source. Supported by secondary sources, the findings of the study draw out the fact that memoir plays a pivotal role and is a powerful agent in dealing with gender-based injustice issues and a key to universalize international awareness on gender development. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Fulya ATİLA Abstract: In this research, it is aimed to analyze the psychological capital, class connectedness and alienation of university students according to the views of students and instructors. According to the findings of the research conducted with the qualitative method, some of the factors that reduce the psychological capital of the students are; their concerns about the future, employment problems, and not knowing their profession. Some of the factors that increase their psychological capital are; students' positive future expectations, high motivation, self-confidence, physical endurance, communication power. According to the participants, some of the factors that reduce students' class connectedness are experiencing grouping, being closed to communication, finding people insincere, lack of joint activity; Some of the factors that increase students' classroom connectedness are being in different social environments, the effect of team sports, being friendly and learning from each other. According to the participants, some of the factors that reduce students' alienation from school are the belief in the benefits of the lessons, the equipment of the university, the management-instructor-student relationship; Some of the factors that increase the alienation of students from school are not choosing the department voluntarily, the location of the faculty to the campus, and the scarcity of social areas. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ali ÇELİK Abstract: The Holy Quran described the Prophet as a possessor of superior morality and presented him to the believers as an admirable model to be followed. As a matter of divine command, Muslims, along with the Qur'an, also took the hadiths of the Prophet as a basis and tried to shape their religious and cultural lives according to these foundations. However, there have been cases where the hadiths, which are one of the two main sources of religion, were misunderstood or decontextualized over time. If it is accepted that the correct understanding of a text or discourse is almost as important as its existence, then it will be better understood how important it is to fully understand the hadiths. In this context, it is important to construct the text correctly in the minds as it might open the door to misunderstanding, loss and distortion. One of the hadiths that may cause misunderstandings is the hadith about "killing the lizard (gecko) at the first hit". Since the research has been done on the authenticity of the narration, details about its authenticity haven’t been given. The main theme of our research is how the related narration is understood by the religion teachers who undertake the task of religious preaching and how it is transferred to the society. In this study, case study method, which is one of the qualitative research methods and interview technique as data collection tool were used. In this context, 21 religion teachers were interviewed about the narration in question, other than the interviews made for the preliminary research. However, in the interviews, it was noticed that the concept meant in the related narration was not understood by the general participants. As based on the results of the research, some suggestions are presented so that religious teachers can be equipped in order to understand the meaning of hadiths in a better way. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ferhat KAÇAR Abstract: Identity has a wide range of concepts, from the product identity of the companies to the post-colonial identity, from personal identities to ethnic, religious, sexual, and social identities. Especially in the modern age, the identity problem is not only decisive at the level of national identity but also at the level of different identities in cultural life. Therefore, the definition of identity and the discussions about identity have always been the focus of cinema. In this article, concepts such as identity, the other, and the subaltern are first defined to discuss identity in cinema. Later, I tried to analyze the discussions about these concepts based on Akın's films. Akın, in his films, explained different identities in the social-political world; groups with cultural, religious, linguistic, and racial differences can live together peacefully if desired. It is also shown that people living together can respect all kinds of identities and that it is not a problem for a person to have more than one identity. In this respect, films such as Short and Painless (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), Against the Wall (2004), On the Edge of Life (2007), The Cut (2014), and Shattered (2017); The concepts such as migration, identity, the other, and cultural change were analyzed with the "sociological method" and "discourse analysis" methods. Thus, the theoretical definitions of identity were tried to be embodied in Akın's films. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hakan AKAR; Lütfü SİZER Abstract: It is important to objectively evaluate renewable resources, which are in a key position environmentally with respect to energy efficiency. In this respect, the electricity energy need has been mentioned in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, and the distributed energy production aspect of renewable resources has been emphasized. Then, the effects of distributed energy generation on energy losses and the impact of losses on external debt stocks have been evaluated separately. In parallel with this, the analyzes have been made on the sub-Saharan African sample. The results of the research are aimed to set an example for other countries with a similar energy outlook. In the empirical part, ARDL boundary test analysis has been carried out using the annual data for the period of 1971-2014 belonging to Sub-Saharan Africa. The results obtained show that there is a statistically significant cointegration relationship between the variables in the long run. According to the statistically significant results, the increases in distributed energy production decrease the amount of electricity loss-leakage. Increases in electricity losses raise the amount of external debt. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Vildane ÖZKAN (ALİEVA Abstract: The article is the first known sociological study to take a holistic view of the Bulgars' connections with the social-cultural geography of Iran between the years 632-2021. The aim is to examine the historical and current relations between the Bulgars and the Iranian geography by keeping the Bulgarian variable in the center. Within the scope of the article, the term Bulgars refers to three Bulgar communities: Black Sea Bulgars (the first Bulgar state), European Bulgar(ian)s (Bulgaria) and Asian Bulgars (Tatarstan). The name Iran has been officially used in international relations since 1935, but the term Iran is often added when referring to previous periods of the country for the sake of clarity in the article. The method and technique of the study consists of the multi-layered analysis of the primary data obtained in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia and Iran between the years 2010-2021 and the secondary data (including archaeological data) obtained from monitoring both historical and current processes within the framework of historical sociology. Five main conclusions reached: 1. From the first Bulgar state established in 632 in the north of the Black Sea to the present day, there has been a continuous, intensifying interaction between the Bulgar(ian)s and Iran, albeit with certain interruptions, mostly in the form of exchange and solidarity. The influence of Persian culture, one of the elements of Iran, spread primarily among the elite in all three Bulgar communities. 2. The relations between the European Bulgar(ian)s and Iran initially started as political-military relations, and today they reach the search for a common ethnicity and race. This search of the Bulgarians in Bulgaria is the most original relationship established with Iran in the Balkans today. 3. The relations between the Asian Bulgars and Iran initially started as commercial relations, and today they intensify as cultural-diplomatic relations. 4. Bulgaria has relations with both the ruling and opposition circles in Iran, while Tatarstan has relations with the government in Iran. 5. In the near future, relations between Bulgaria, Tatarstan and Iran may turn from bilateral to tripartite relations under the leadership of Bulgaria and Iran. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Songül MOLLAOĞLU Abstract: Intertextuality, which was applied in order to point out or reveal the connections or relationships between two or more texts and was initially only used in text analysis, was used in different disciplines in later periods. With this approach, it is a method that is considered within the scope of concepts such as reflection, emulation, conscious inspiration, by taking names specific to the discipline in which it is used, such as interfilm, intermusic, interphotographic, intermedia. The determining factor in this method is not which field study it is used in, but the systemic relations of the studies with each other. The concept of intertextuality, which is a widely used analysis method in artistic field studies, has left its place to the concept of intersymbolism or interpictoriality over time. In intersymbolism or interpictoriality, a transformation is made for artistic mediation by quoting the form constructed by someone else, and transferring this quoted form to another context. In the field of visual arts, in almost every period, it is seen that the artist quotes from the production of another artist as well as quoting his own work. In this study, it is aimed to examine the intersemiotics or inter-picture relationship of the Pieta theme, which is quoted in the forms that Michelangelo's Pieta theme uses repeatedly in the artist's later works and in artistic forms produced by different artists in different artistic periods. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Veysel ŞAHİN; Merve TORĞUT Abstract: Ömer Seyfettin (1884-1920) has an important place in Turkish storytelling. Ömer Seyfettin, who turns to the national one in Turkish storytelling, tries to reveal the world of values of the Turkish nation by starting from the national one.There are rules/values that give order to societies. These rules/values that give order to societies; religious, moral, etiquette and legal rules/values. Ömer Seyfettin deals with the problems of the society/individual in his stories. Ömer Seyfettin is aware that the main thing that drives the individual/society to extinction is the ignorance of the national values that make the individual/society exist by the individual/society. In Ömer Seyfettin's stories, while the individual/family/society that nullifies the values of the society is dragged to the brink of extinction, the individual/family/society that makes these values exist also makes themselves exist together with the values. Since the author is a part of society, his literary creation reflects the society to which he belongs. Sociology of literature tries to reveal the relationship between literature and society by examining the reflections of society on the literary work and the literary work on the society. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Murat ÇABAZ Abstract: Seal has been an art that has completed its development until today, with human beings drawing pictures on walls, soil, rocks and leaving their marks. The seal has taken an important place among handicraft products by being influenced by different branches of art in its formation process. It has a great role in showing the economic structure of the society according to both the religion and social understanding of the society it is affected and the quality of the material used. In this context, in this study, a group of seals belonging to the Ottoman period were discussed and tried to be analyzed in detail from many aspects with the perspective of art history. It has been determined that the seals included in the study are divided into different groups according to their intended use. This situation provides rich data in terms of the aims and purposes of the study. Therefore, as in other branches of art, the seals in this work, which belong to the last period of the Ottomans, are aimed to illuminate the period they belong to in many ways. Considering the issues such as the material, form and the writing used on the seals, which were the subject of the research, different samples were selected as much as possible. In applying such a method, it is to ensure that the works in question can be evaluated as a whole with all their aspects. For this purpose, a group of seals in Kars Museum have been analyzed and documented in all aspects. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Habibe TEMİZSU Abstract: As a term the word imperialism originated from the Latin word ‘imperator’ and was rather linked with authoritarian rulings and their arbitrary treatments. In administrative statements it is basically dwelled on the misapplication of resources of others. As a matter of fact close to the end of the middle ages, when Europe was on the eve of enlightenment, the explorers took advantage of the new lands in every aspect. Although the World became acquainted with colonialism in long ago ancient times, empires changed their regulations in historical process. In this new era, the imperial powers not just combated against the indigenous people, but they had also among each other a serious long lasting competition. Yet being permanent in the new land was the essential success and to achieve this goal, each one was following methods differing in details. Within this period, colonialism was expanded across the oceans with geographical discoveries and showed an alteration. Portuguese and the Spanish, pursued by the British, French and Dutch, were seizing every piece of soil, but among all these European powers, Britain’s expansionism gained supremacy in progress of time. No doubt that the Britons followed a systematic settlement policy for the new colonies to be there to stay, as their competitors did, but various political, economical and cultural practices towered Britain over her rivals and oriented the new position. In this study, British Imperialism that was living its golden age during 19th century, will be examined in historical context, and analyzed within the scope of its separateness from the other imperial powers. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet Ali YARIM Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the Abilene paradox in schools in the context of its causes and consequences. The research is in the phenomenology model, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The study group of the research consists of teachers working in schools in Erzurum city center in the 2021-2022 academic year. In the interview, the data were obtained with a semi-structured interview form. The obtained data were analyzed by content analysis methods. According to the results of the research, there is a high level of Abilene paradox in schools. Teachers are forced to participate in decisions and practices that they do not want or believe, especially due to legal obligations, fear of being excluded from the group, and avoiding responsibility. Decisions and practices taken in schools outside of the will and belief of teachers often result in failure. This has consequences that affect organizations and schools such as inefficiency, cynicism, mental distress, lack of motivation, insecurity, negative climate and failure. As a solution to these problems, it is recommended to inform the employees, to participate in the decisions, to give autonomy and to apply the governance rules. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet SONGUR; Seyit ORDU Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Bitcoin-related news and both Bitcoin price and return within the scope of time-varying causality analysis with the help of daily data covering the period 1.1.2016-4.12.2022. The existence of the said relationship was investigated using Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006)'s Boostrapt-Based Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test and time-varying causality analysis. The causality test findings obtained indicate that there is a mutual causality relationship between the news about Bitcoin and the price of Bitcoin. On the other hand, when the causality findings between Bitcoin return and Bitcoin-related news are examined, it can be said that there is no causality relationship from Bitcoin-related news to Bitcoin returns, whereas there is a causality from Bitcoin returns to Bitcoin-related news. In addition, when we look at the course of the causality relations in question over time, it has been seen that the number of news about Bitcoin increased especially during the periods when Bitcoin prices increased. In this context, it is important for individuals who will invest in both Bitcoin and altcoin market to make transactions by taking into account the news about Bitcoin and altcoin in order for the investment to be healthy. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet Fatih KARACA Abstract: In this study, quantitative features and readability of columns belong to 18 columnists who write for the newspapers having the highest circulation of Türkiye. 12262 columns published between the years 2017-2021 on the following topics: education, economy, health, sports and life were analysed with the developed software and Natural Language Processing techniques. Average number of sentences, words, syllables and letters of columns, average word number of sentences, average syllable and letter numbers of words were determined, and readability of texts were identified by Ateşman, Çetinkaya-Uzun and Bezirci-Yılmaz formulas, and the results were presented. Data obtained as a result of processing columns were evaluated in terms of category, newspaper and author.The columns consist of averagely 42.08 sentences, 429.88 words, 1166.32 syllables and 2699.44 letters. Moreover, the average word number of sentences is 10.22, whereas the average syllable number of words is 2.71 and the average letter number of words is 6.28. The average readability of columns were as follows respectively according to Ateşman, Çetinkaya-Uzun and Bezirci-Yılmaz: 63.16 (medium difficulty), 38.40 (educational reading) and 11.87 (high school 11-12.class). According to Ateşman formula, the level of the columns was predominantly easy (43.91%), whereas there is no text at the level of very easy. According to Çetinkaya-Uzun, the columns were predominantly at the level of independent reading (69.32%). Furthermore, according to Bezirci-Yılmaz the texts were mostly at the level of secondary school (30.00%), high school (29.58%) and academic (27.81%), there is no text at the level of primary school 1-2.classAverage number of sentences is the only quantitative feature in which the difference is over 50% between the categories. Despite this, it was found out that the difference between newspapers and authors exceeds 50% in all quantitative features except average number of syllables and letters of words. It was seen that the difference in quantitative features was more evident in authors compared to category and newspaper. It was revealed that the newspaper has more decisive influence than the category, the author has more decisive influence than both the category and the newspaper in terms of readability in all 3 formulas. On the other hand, it was found out that 9 authors in 4 newspapers and 3 categories have been writing columns highly above the average educational level of Türkiye, at the undergraduate/academic level. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Münevver BARTAMAY Abstract: Besides being a trauma in itself, being a refugee is an almost impossible situation for the refugee to overcome since it is a difficult experience and there is no way to return. According to Salman Akhtar, who likens the departure of the refugee from the homeland to the departure of the baby from the mother's womb, “exile” is linguistically equivalent to a refugee. For an adult, the experience of being a refugee is influenced by the comfort or difficulty of his previous life; If he had to leave a life with a high level of prosperity, becoming a refugee will be very difficult, and if the harsh experience of camp life is added to this, depression and premature aging will be inevitable. If he has been through a more difficult life and the welfare of the country of asylum is higher, this may also be a chance for a new life. But there is a group among refugees for whom the variable is not welfare or poverty; the most important deficiency for them is the lack of parents: this group is children. In this study, the story of an orphan child who has been exposed to traumas caused by wars and has to become a refugee will be examined and the difficult consequences of the trauma of being a refugee that he had to deal with also will be focused on. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İzzet AYDEMİR; Mehmet Emin YAŞAR Abstract: This research, since it took place in a certain time period, determines the relationship between health literacy level and behaviors of acquiring and confirming health information in the digital environment, is a cross-sectional study. In the study, appropriate statistical methods were preferred according to the data quality. Within the study, which is carried out on a university staff in Turkey the stratified sampling method was preferred for data gathering. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package Program for Social Science) V24.0 software. The results of the research were interpreted at 95% confidence interval and 5% confidence level (p PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ahmet Melik SAHABİ Abstract: Sustainability performance has become an issue that companies closely monitor and develop strategies to address under pressure from their stakeholders. One of the most important reasons for this result is the awareness among stakeholders about global warming in the age of information. For this reason, sustainability performance plays an undeniable role in the transition to a green economy at the brink of the climate crisis. The purpose of this study is to highlight sustainability performance's importance to investors and owners of companies seeking low risk and high returns. It was examined whether ESG scores retrieved from Refinitiv, representing sustainability performance, affected stock price volatility and stock returns. The study examined companies traded on Borsa Istanbul using panel data econometrics. In addition to the combined ESG score and its three dimensions, the effects of cash flows, financial leverage and firm size are also examined. Findings obtained from eight different models that have been established show that high sustainability performance affects returns positively, while affects volatility negatively. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet Emin BARS Abstract: There are sciences in Turkish-Islamic culture that deal with various practices for learning the unknown and the future. One of these sciences is science of the stars. Although science of the stars is sometimes associated with fortune-telling and seen as an unrealistic science, it deeply affected the society. Beliefs that the stars have an effect on the works people do have led to the emergence of the genre called “saatname” based on this science. Such works were respected by both the public and the rulers. The impact of the seven stars on the works of the seven times of the day is the subject of the saatnames. There are many manuscripts in different libraries about the genre of saatname. However, most of such works have not been studied yet. There are few studies in the scientific field about the genre of saatname. In this study, a manuscript prose example of an unknown author in the Fleischer Catalogue of the Leipzig Library in Germany was examined. The text, which was arranged in the form of a small tractate, was written to inform the provisions of the hours, to indicate which works were good to be done at which hour and which ones were bad. In the text, the positive and negative effects of the seven stars in seven times of seven days are explained. The influence of the stars on the days and times continues in a regular circular cycle. It has been observed that the effect of stars on auspicious deeds is more. Another notable feature is that there is no mention of any sinister work when certain stars are in effect. It is important in terms of Turkish cultural history to evaluate many examples of saatnames, which are generally a short genre. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yakup KAYA Abstract: Discussions about the diversity and difference of definitions of the concept of ideology and the theoretical approaches to what ideology really is and how the concept is used in many fields continue. In this aspect, the concept has a structure dominated by definitional uncertainty. Considering different results it may reveal, it is important by which of the ideological definitions religion and its social reflections are examined and interpreted. For this reason, how the concept of ideology is in communication and interaction with the Sociology of Religion, which focuses on the social dimensions of religion, and in terms of its purpose and function is a matter that should be examined. In this study, firstly, after the short and general historical process of the concept of ideology has been revealed, various and different definitions of the concept have been emphasized. There is no generally accepted method in social sciences regarding the usability of the concept of ideology in religious analysis. However, there are approaches to the application of the concept to the analysis of religion. In the context of the religious analysis of thinkers such as Marx, Durkheim, Weber and Troeltsch, the position, effect and limitation of the concept in terms of the purpose and function of the Sociology of Religion have been tried to be analyzed. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hüseyin SEVİNÇ Abstract: The 1950 elections in Turkey are of significant importance as they represent the first election in which the government changed hands through a democratic process. This study examines the 1950 elections in the context of the seat maximization approach. The study analyzes the decision taken by the ruling party at the time, the Republican People's Party (CHP), regarding the current electoral system, and the situation that arose as a result of the expectations related to this decision. The central argument of this study is that the decisions made by ruling parties to change or maintain the electoral system are shaped by the expectation of increasing their own representation. The study highlights the main issue that decisions taken by ruling parties within the framework of seat maximization may not always correspond with the resulting outcomes. In this study, the seat maximization approach is first introduced, followed by an analysis of the political and social structure of the period. Finally, the demands of political parties regarding the electoral system and the resulting outcomes are evaluated. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Teymur EROL; Hasan KAVRUK Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop a scale designed as a five-point Likert to determine the tendency of secondary school students to use metacognitive writing strategies. Correlational research model was used in the study. The data used in the study were collected at once from secondary school students in the central districts of Malatya by simple random sampling method, and then randomly divided into two groups for two-stage factor analysis. The study data were analyzed in terms of content and construct validity. In addition, the factor analysis technique used in the scale development processes was applied. In the first stage of the study, exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the data of 443 students in the first study group, and a single factor scale structure consisting of 35 items emerged. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.93. In the second stage, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out by using the data set obtained from 354 students. The model, which was determined to be one factor, was tested and validated using confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Şule ÖZÜN Abstract: A vast number of people moved from rural to urban regions in the latter part of the nineteenth century as a result of the effects of industrialization and urbanization, which in turn led to the collapse of the pre-industrial lifestyle and economy. Conflicts on an emotional and intellectual level were also fostered by the decline of the old systems and constraints, as well as the structured and organized way of life pertaining to the pre-industrial era. Many novelists of this transitional period, such as Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy, George Gissing, Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, and E. M. Forster, questioned the social, economic, political, religious, moral, cultural, and artistic institutions along with their established conventions. However, Forster, looking beyond the national boundaries, used references to other cultures, religions, alien settings, bi-national characters, and diverse traditions after traveling particularly to Italy and India. Forster’s two visits to India, one in 1912 and the other in 1921, gave him an experiential knowledge of the country. In his discursively complex international novel, A Passage to India (1924), besides religious and socioeconomic differences, Forster uncovers significant cultural problems that can be observed in India’s arbitrary imposition of a corrupted imperial system. In the novel, Forster explores the chronotopic cartographies of India and England in terms of their similarity and difference using individuals, mores, and settings. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how the theme of the East/West dichotomy in Forster’s A Passage to India creates liminal spaces and characters discussing the false perception of India by the British. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İbrahim HELVACI; Cahit POLAT, Ragıp TERZİ Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the occupational satisfaction levels of psychologists working in institutions and organizations affiliated with various ministries in Türkiye. In addition to determining whether there is a significant difference in the occupational satisfaction levels of psychological counselors working in organizations connected to various ministries, this study examined the relationship between factors like gender, marital status, professional experience, education level, perception of the city where they live, perception of the salary they earn, and sense of belonging to the ministry they in which they work. Using a personal information form and the Occupational Satisfaction Scale (OSS), data from 229 psychological counselors employed by the Ministries of National Education, Justice, and Family and Social Services were collected. According to the findings, psychological counselors working in institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education had significantly higher levels of professional satisfaction than those working in institutions affiliated with the Ministries of Justice and Family and Social Services, and psychological counselors working in institutions affiliated with the Ministry of Justice had significantly higher levels of occupational satisfaction than those working in institutions affiliated with the Ministry of Family and Social Services. While gender, professional experience, and sense of belonging to the ministry all made a significant difference in psychological counselors occupational satisfaction levels, there were no significant differences in marital status, educational status, city of residence, or perception of salary earned. The study's findings were reviewed in the context of related literature, and suggestions are given. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Fatma GÖRGÜLÜ Abstract: The absolute mandatory provision of Art. 1472 TCC applies to the transactions between the insured and the insurer. In this case, the insured may establish transactions with the responsible person for the damage that are contrary to Article 1472 of the TCC. The questions of whether the insured will be liable to the insurer for these transactions affecting the right of subrogation, the nature of the liability and the moment from which this liability will commence are important for our study.Our study aims to answer these questions by analyzing the doctrine and judicial decisions and to give direction to a possible amendment of the law. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ümit DEMİR; Süleyman CEYLAN Abstract: The history lesson is a fundamental lesson in the formation of national consciousness. Atatürk's Principles and Revolution History (A.P.R.H.) course is given as a compulsory course in this context of the university education process. Digitalization in the teaching process has led to a rapid change in teaching methods and techniques. This change has become a rapid and mandatory change with the Covid-19 pandemic process. During the university education process, A.P.R.H. courses had to continue these processes with distance education in this context. However, the digitization of history started long before the digitization of the teaching process. This digitalization, which started with historical films, TV series, and documentaries, has preceded the education process with the rapid development of social media and video-sharing environments. Information shared in digital environments and not verified by different sources has spread rapidly on the internet and affected large masses. In this study, university students' perspectives on the A.P.R.H. lesson and their digital screen preferences in historical research methods were examined. In this context, the study was carried out by A.P.R.H. It was carried out with the voluntary participation of associate and undergraduate students who took the course. A one-dimensional History and A.P.R.H. course attitude scales were used. As a result of the research, it has been seen that university students are most curious about the subjects related to history, they do research on the history and try to verify the historical information they have acquired with different sources of information. When the history research preferences of the students were examined, it was seen that the order of preference was to visit historical museums and historical sites, watch old historical documentaries and movies about history, watch old historical TV series, and follow the posts about history on social media. A.P.R.H. When the students' views on determining the opinions about the lesson were examined, the students stated that there was a need for the lesson, but there were also deficiencies. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ozan Can AKPINAR Abstract: In the Ottoman Empire, a certain number of regulations were made in the bureaucracy and civil service in the 19th century. During the Tanzimat period, these regulations gained traction, and the civil servant profession was attempted to be established in a modern and rational system. Furthermore, legal sanctions for crimes committed by officers were on the agenda of the period’s administrators. The crimes that concerned authorities were bribery, corruption, insult, embezzlement, misappropriation, unauthorized leave, failing to fulfill duties, and some unethical actions. In addition, in the reign of Abdülhamid II, the Sicill-i Ahval Commission was established, which was responsible for recording the biographies of civil servants in order to prevent uncontrolled and regular appointments of civil servants. The Sicill-i Ahval records, which were started to be kept by this commission, have been recorded in the books called Sicill-i Umumi since 1879. In this study, crimes committed by Muslim and non-Muslim officers born in the central district of Antalya will be addressed by using Sicill-i Ahval records, and evaluations will be made in the context of central-provincial relations about the nature of the crime committed and the fate of the officer who committed the crime. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ender BÜYÜKÖZKARA Abstract: According to Kierkegaard, faith is that the self, being itself and willing to be itself, is grounded transparently in God. There is no place for sin in the situation of faith in which such a special connection with God is established, and Kierkegaard expresses that sin is the opposite of faith. On the other side, Kierkegaard’s definition of faith points out that an individual living occurs in the state of faith. According to him, faith is a magnificent paradox that cannot be explained by the universal and does not fit into the categories of reason. One of the best examples of the paradoxical structure of faith is Prophet Abraham’s case of being ordered to sacrifice his son. The attempt to sacrifice his son is an action that cannot be explained in the context of the universal and be understood by reason. In this context, Prophet Abraham seems as the father of faith and the ideal example of the type of person called “the knight of faith” by Kierkegaard. The knight of faith acts by having faith in the fact that God is almighty, and by the grace of the nonsense, human power, freedom, or courage do not work in his position. Such a knight neither relinquishes something nor directs his pain to something else. In the situation of the knight of faith, who is different from the knight of absolute resignation and the tragic hero, ethics and universality are teleologically suspended. The knight of faith, who has a personal relationship with God, displays an act of faith that cannot come to terms with ethics and universality. In this context, it is seen that, according to Kierkegaard, faith is superior to ethics. Kierkegaard’s point of view can be criticized regarding the validity of the generalization of Abraham’s situation and ethical universality. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Recep BOZKURT; Ahmet Ayhan KOYUNCU Abstract: The self that corresponds to the answers given to the question "Who am I'" is embodied in the body. The self necessarily requires a body. This study focuses on the relationship between body and self, by means of a phenomenological body-centered reading. In this context, the concepts of embodiment, living body and conscious body in the phenomenological body approach, the concept of self in social psychology and symbolic interactionism, and Anthony Giddens' concept of reflexive self are used as a basis to evaluate the relationship between body and self. In this sense, the aim of the study is to describe the relationship between body and self. PubDate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +030
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