Authors:Semra KILIÇ; Erdal AYDOĞAN Abstract: Cooperatives are referred to as non-profit organizations. These organizations, which have aspecial structure, carry out activities for economic and social purposes. The institution called“Motherland Funds” in Turkey played an important role in national banking by forming the foundationof today's Ziraat Bank. This initiative also paved the way for the establishment of AgriculturalCredit Cooperatives. The Homeland Funds, which existed in the period of Mithat Pasha, wereinspired by the communal method, which is based on the principle of cooperation and whichmanifests itself in Turkish traditions. Being aware of the role of cooperatives in the developmentof the country, Turkey has pioneered the development of cooperatives and supported the congressesheld in this field. The aim of this study is to examine cooperatives from a conceptualframework and to evaluate the emphasis on development in every aspect of society by makinguse of the newspapers of the period, archives, and main sources. PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ömer Faruk GÜNEĞILMEZ Abstract: Since the 19th century, different institutions have served in the field of Turkish maritime transport.Although these institutions were tried to be renewed with various reforms, the desired successcould not be achieved. After the National Struggle, many administrative structures weremade and legal regulations were made in order to revitalize the maritime transport sector. Inthe Republican Era, important steps were taken to make sea vehicles capable of meeting theneeds. As a result of the liberal policies of the Democrat Party, state-owned maritime transportenterprises and shipyards were gathered under the umbrella of Denizcilik Bankası Türk AnonimOrtaklığı, which was established in 1952. By offering 49% of its shares to the public, it was aimedto save the Turkish maritime industry from its cumbersome and underdeveloped structure andturn it into a profitable institution. With the laws enacted in this period, maritime transportationdependent on the private sector was also financially relieved. The Democratic Party aimedto develop and modernize the maritime transport sector by carrying out statist and liberal economicpolicies together. PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Doğan KOÇAK; İsmail EYYUPOĞLU Abstract: After the victory of the National Struggle, it was necessary that there should be no obstacles infront of the revolutions that Mustafa Kemal Pasha wanted to realize. In order to achieve this withthe support of the people, Mustafa Kemal Pasha shared his opinion with the press that he wouldestablish a new party on December 6, 1922. This required a public opinion poll. In this direction,Mustafa Kemal Pasha went on a travel of West Anatolia. Thus, he determined the characteristicsof the party he was going to establish in his mind with the travel of West Anatolia between14 January and 20 February 1923. Mustafa Kemal Pasha knew that getting the support of intellectualswould be effective in strengthening the party he would establish. On the other hand, sincehe knew the impact of the press on the public, it was necessary to get the support of journalists.For this reason, he held a press conference in Izmit on 16–17 January 1923. In this process, the purposeof the press was to provide the appropriate mental ground for the party to be established.Thus, the press played an important role. In this study, opinion columns written by the writers ofthe period in the establishment process of the People's Party in the Turkish national press, newspapernews and statements on the subject will be examined by taking into account the dates ofDecember 1922– February 1923. PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Makbule SARIKAYA Abstract: Turkish Child Protection Society was established in the last years of World War I and began itspatronage services by establishing a guesthouse. However, with the invasion of Istanbul in 1918,the society was unable to do much because of the obstructions of the occupying forces and theGovernment of Istanbul. Istanbul, which was occupied for 5 years, was liberated from occupationwith the successful conclusion of the Turkish War of Independence. After being liberated from theoccupation, the institutions in Istanbul were restructured by connecting to Ankara, the capital ofTurkey. One of them, the Turkish Child Protection Society, was merged with the Child ProtectionSociety of Turkey in Ankara in 1923 and its Istanbul branch was established. The Turkish ChildProtection Society’s İstanbul branch was able to do more effective and successful activities. Thestudy examined the work of the Istanbul branch of the society until 1935. PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
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