Authors:Ezgi ŞEN Abstract: The illustrations which appear as a part of visual communication continue to be popular from past to present. In recent years a new field of influence begin to add illustrations, they are mostly made by artists or designers using digital/handcrafted methods. This effect can describe as artificial intelligence, which shows that a non-human entity (machine) can also produce illustrations. The fact that machines are approaching the human limits in the field of illustration brings with it many questions and discussions. The fact that artificial intelligence produces an infinite number of visuals makes people think about the future of human creativity while questioning the quality of these works. Considering the current momentum of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has formally approached human limits. This article aims to make due diligence on the current potential of artificial intelligence moreover the future of human creativity by examining the effects of artificial intelligence in the field of illustration through cases. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Osman KURTER; Bora BALUN Abstract: Housing over three million Syrian and two million other refugees on its soil, Turkiye has been dealing with migration issues for a long time. With the migration influx, cultural differences began to surface more frequently creating serious issues requiring added planning and managing of public policies. Using a convenience sampling technique, we selected 310 students from a state university in the 2021-2022 academic year utilizing the “Attitude Scale Toward Syrian Refugees” methodology to measure subjects’ feelings and attitudes toward the Syrian refugees. As a result of this research, it has been revealed that students have a negative perception of the Syrian refugees, but they still think those refugees’ rights and privileges must be provided according to international agreements and conventions. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Haydar Lütfü EJDER; Murat ZORKUN Abstract: Budget policies, in addition to being a document showing the income and expenditure balance of the budget, are also very important in terms of ensuring/maintaining macroeconomic stability in the context of the government's income structure, expenditure composition and borrowing-related policies. States can provide the said stability with budget balance, as well as with budget deficits/surpluses. One of the main duties of the state is to ensure social development. The way to do this is through the fair distribution of income in the society. To do this, they use budgetary policy tools such as taxes and spending on education, health and social protection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the budget policies implemented by the states on the income distribution in Turkey. Starting from the determined purpose, first of all, general information about budget policies and income distribution is given. Afterwards, the relations between taxes, education, health and social protection expenditures and income distribution are mentioned. Finally, income distributions in Turkey were evaluated in the context of applied budget policies. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Emre CENGİZ; Nurefşan ESKİYURT Abstract: Class relations, whose beginning and end points are uncertain, cannot be separated from each other with certain lines. Karl Marx and Max Weber have made prominent studies on class. Classes, which are the most basic social forces of societies, experience conflicts among themselves for many different reasons. Class conflicts are a fundamental building block of Marxist theory. Class conflicts have become even more visible in the competitive environment of capitalism. Slums and apartments are reflections of class conflicts on space. While individuals from the lower classes live in the slums, wealthy people from the upper classes live in the apartment blocks. Turkish cinema has not remained indifferent to the subject of slums and apartments. The movie Acı Hayat, in which class conflicts are told through slums and apartments, contains rich data in terms of examining class conflicts. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Özlem GÜLERYÜZ Abstract: The aim of the research is to learn and evaluate the smart tourism perceptions and perceptions of five-star hotel managers in Izmir city center in Turkey. In addition, the differences between the hotel managers, who are among the generations defined as digital natives and digital immigrants, towards smart tourism and the diversity of applications are discussed in terms of expanding the study. The study, which was designed as a qualitative research, was carried out using in-depth interview technique through open-ended questions (unstructured questions). Content analysis was used as a method in the analysis of the data. The study is an exploratory study. The scope of the study is the five-star hotels in the center of Izmir within the borders of Turkey. As a result, it has been revealed that digital native and digital immigrant hotel managers do not experience many problems in the context of smart tourism in practice and they have to cope with some difficulties. In addition, various differences have been observed between the two generations in terms of the use of technology in tourism. How these differences turn into awareness is included in the study. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ahmed Hamza ALPAY Abstract: The daily struggles that occur between the actors facilitating the understanding of social phenomena in order to maintain the pattern characteristic of the era are specifically designed in location and placement. Together with numerous and repeated questions, the structural reason refers to creating unique insights into multifaceted phenomena, to the habitus in cultural processes about their functioning, to making sense of the self. In the structural reason, an agent's positioning in social space inherits the immanent teachings of the social world as integral components of the same design. In Bourdieu sociology, the authority to define and legitimize cultural values requires acquiring an objective measure of distance and academic experience in the research problem of the relevant approach to understanding the frequency of contexts. This article focuses on some important contributions in the methodology of habitus-oriented social science rather than the causes of the themes and sub-themes identified in Bourdieu's sociology. In this direction, in the article, habitus, one of the main parameters of Bourdieu sociology, will be discussed in the axis of structural reason. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Emel YILMAZ; Oğuz KARABAY, Remzi ALTUNIŞIK Abstract: In order to achieve community immunity against the COVID-19 epidemic, the majority of the society should adopt the vaccine and accept to be vaccinated, together with the vaccine development studies. Our study focuses on the ambivalence and rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine, which has the potential to pose a significant threat in the fight against the epidemic. In the study, it was aimed to explain the decisions of individuals regarding the COVID-19 vaccine within the framework of the health belief model and to reveal the differences between the groups who accept and reject the COVID-19 vaccine and who are undecided about the vaccine with the multinomial logistic regression analysis. A quantitative research technique based on the questionnaire data was used to find answers to the research questions. Our study findings show that the domestic COVID-19 vaccine is rejected by only 16%, implying that the domestic vaccine may be preferred more than foreign vaccines. Strategies to raise awareness of vaccine benefits and reduce perceived risks for high vaccination acceptance should target women, lower socioeconomic groups, and particularly individuals with chronic illness. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ali ŞENGÜL; Hakkı ÇILGINOĞLU Abstract: With the changes in tourist profiles, many countries have started to give more importance to alternative tourism types. One of these types is hunting tourism. Hunting tourism has become a sector that contributes significantly to the economy of countries in recent years. Hunting tourism is an important phenomenon both for individuals to get away from city life and to meet with nature and to ensure the continuity of wild animals. Kastamonu province is a very suitable region for hunting tourism with its wildlife areas. In this study, it is aimed to determine the economic effects of hunting tourism activities in the region and to raise awareness in terms of relevant stakeholders in order to increase these effects. In this context, official information for domestic and foreign tourists coming to Kastamonu in the 2021-2022 hunting year has been examined. As a result of the examinations, it was determined that the income obtained from hunting tourism was significant and some suggestions were presented within the scope of the study to increase this level. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet Akif KUMTEPE Abstract: When Turkey began to approach every year on December 31, Christmas celebrations are located at the beginning of the debate. While one side stands against the New Year's celebrations for religious and cultural reasons; the other side argued that the celebrations had no religious dimension and that it was nothing more than simple entertainment. However, while making these discussions, the reasons arising from economic relations are overlooked. This study while trying to deal with the course of New Year's celebrations in Turkey in history, it will be tried to establish a connection with economic relations as well as cultural, political and religious reasons. In this context, it is thought that the Christmas Market, which was held between 20-29 December 2019, is clearly separated from the religious and cultural debates in the New Year's Eve celebrations in Turkey. In this direction, in a time when Turkey is becoming increasingly conservative, it will be discussed where to put the Christmas Market, which contains and openly expresses Western cultural values. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Lütfi SÜRÜCÜ; İbrahim YIKILMAZ, Ahmet MAŞLAKÇI Abstract: The digital leadership scale was developed by Zeike, Bradbury, Lindert, and Pfaff (2019) since there is no scale suitable for the digital leadership skills of managers and whose validity has been proven. It is aimed to adapt the digital leadership scale, which was developed for empirical studies on digital leadership in Turkey, into Turkish, and to conduct validity and reliability studies. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to the employees of a factory producing electronic household goods in Manisa. Survey data were analyzed with the SPSS and AMOS programs. The findings reveal that the digital leadership scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that could be used in research to be conducted in Turkey. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Kafiye Özlem ALP; Gizem GEM Abstract: It is possible to say that clothes are visual communication tools and give information about societies and past cultures. The main purpose of this study is to analyze Dolce Gabbana's 2014 Spring "Ready to wear-an unconscious dream" collection from a semiotic point of view and to examine the establishment and meaning of the cultural codes of the signs in the designed pieces. The universe of the study; It consists of 79 pieces in Dolce Gabbana's 2014 Spring "Ready to wear-an unconscious dream" collection.The sample, on the other hand, was determined by the purposive sampling method of 5 pieces, among 79 pieces, on which the cultural codes of the Ancient Greek period were included.In the study, Gabbana's 2014 Spring "Ready to wear-an unconscious dream" collection is interpreted semiotically through the interpretation scheme of Roland Barthes and Julia Kristeva's concept of interclothing. As a result, gold coins of the ancient Greek period, on which the city goddess Athena and the nymph Arethusa were featured, were often used in clothing.With the use of the city goddess Athena, it was emphasized that the clothes were designed for city women and private individuals. Simple and comfortable clothes made of Linen and Silk fabrics made direct references to Ancient Greek clothes. All materials and symbols used in clothes, shoes, bags and accessories are an example of a reading of Ancient Greek culture and the concept of interclothing. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Murat SAĞBAŞ; Fahri Alp ERDOĞAN, Reyhan BAŞARAN Abstract: This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the concept of "polychronicity", which refers to the preference of individuals to perform more than one task at the same time. The need for individuals who can multitask in the complex structure of today's business world is increasing. The fact that the concept of polychronicity has the feature of preferring to multitask is of critical importance in terms of the performance and efficiency of the enterprises. It is aimed to determine the frequencies of the concepts that polychronicity affects in terms of businesses, with the systematic content analysis method and to contribute to the literature by making inferences about the concept in line with these determinations. In the studies conducted in the literature, no study was found in which the systematic content analysis method was applied for the concept of polychronicity. As a result of the research, it was determined that polychronicity affects 32 different concepts. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Bediha Sultan ZIVALI; Yunus DEMİRLİ Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to categorize and analyze the tax problems observed during the development process of the digital economy and to assess the precautions taken on an international and national basis. Within the scope of the study, international action plans and national legislation for the development of solution offers were examined by determining international taxation problems based on the literature. As a result of the study, it was determined that national-basis precautions included applications such as digital service tax application, extension of the scope of VAT laws for digital products/services, and digital advertising taxes. It was observed that the solution offers of international organizations regarding the taxation of the digital economy were developed within the framework of action plans. The action plans in question are advisory for countries and this causes the solution of the problem to be avoided. In this context, in order for the digital economy to be taxed effectively, it is important to develop a global taxation regime to be established by international organizations such as OECD and EU instead of the national solutions of the countries and to ensure that it is binding. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Sabina SATYMOVA; Nergiz Özkural KÖROĞLU Abstract: The Ukrainian identity has been structured in a very deep and long process. Ukraine was included in the territories of Poland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth period) and Russia (Russian Imperial period between 1772-1795), and these states had certain effects on the Ukrainian identity construction process during these periods. In this article, Polish-Ukrainian relations in the historical process and the effects of these relations in the process of Ukrainian identity construction will be discussed. After determining the factors that are important in the context of the influence of Poland in the Ukrainian identity construction process, how these elements have emerged from the past to the present will be tried to shed light on today's politics by detailing them. The attitude of Poland in the political developments that took place in Ukraine after independence (such as the Orange Revolution, the Square Revolution) and the development of Ukrainian- Polish relations in the said period will be examined. Finally, the foreign policy of today's President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, will be evaluated within the framework of Ukraine-Poland relations. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mustafa Mert ALPBAZ Abstract: The aim of this article is to clarify the Kemalism understanding of the 27 May coup within the frame of the separation of powers and the 1924 Constitution. In the Yassıada Court, enacting unconstitutional statutes were described as a move against Atatürk's Principles and Revolutions. The 1924 Constitution was also interpreted to be centred on the separation of powers. The Constitution was based on unity of power, according to the defence, and how it was applied during the Single Party (CHP) Period. The concept of unity of power is not part of the May 27 coup's notion of Kemalism, and Kemalism has become synonymous with liberty. The allegations and defenses in the Yassıada Court are compared and evaluated in the consideration of the CHP and DP Programs. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Osman OĞUZ; İbrahim EKŞİ, Burcu BUYURAN Abstract: The effect of banking sector dynamics on national economies has become even more important, especially with the impact of global crises. Knowing the relationship here is a necessity for policy makers and regulatory bodies. Accordingly, in this study, the relationship between concentration ratio, financial fragility and economic growth was analyzed for 21 developing countries, including Turkey, included in the Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets Index. The significance level and direction of the relationship were investigated using static and dynamic panel data methods. A positive and significant relationship was found between the concentration ratio and financial fragility. It has been determined that there is a negative relationship between the concentration rate and economic growth. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Burcu YILMAZ ÇEBİN; Feyza Nur KARAKELLE Abstract: The first edition of Sevgi Soysal’s novel titled Yenişehir’de Bir Öğle Vakti, which tells about the life of the citizen of Ankara, was published in 1973. In the novel, the sociological structure of the 1970s is transmitted through characters belonging to different classes. The detailed presentation of the psychology of a wide range of people makes it possible to work on the psychology of the individual. The narcissistic trends shown by the characters make it possible to read the novel in the context of narcissism theory. The subject of this study is the narcissistic trends of the people in the novel Yenişehir’de Bir Öğle Vakti. In the study, it is aimed to analyze the novel characters within the framework of the “pathological narcissism” theory developed by Otto F. Kernberg and to interpret the literary text through the discipline of psychology. The method of the article is the narcissism. Based on Kernberg’s discipline, pathological narcissism has been studied under the headings of self-construction and object relations; insecurity, ambition, dissatisfaction; grandoise self, authority and anger. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Sibel KUNDAKÇI Abstract: The military, political and economic situation of Ottoman Empire in16th century compelled the state to transform in every field. One of the problems caused by this transformation is the suhte events that terrorize Anatolian cities in this century. Those who cause these events are the madrasah students. One of the regions where the madrasah students were most in rebellion have been Kastamonu, Bolu and Çankırı regions. In the study, first of all, the reasons that led the suhte to rebel and the situation of region through these reasons will be explained and then the suhte events between the years 1559 and 1576, which can be regarded as the beginnig of the events, will be evaluated according to the muhimme notebooks. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İsa BAYHAN; Asım SALDAMLI Abstract: Tourist guides are effective stakeholders in tourism activities because of their roles in explaining the touristic attractions of the destination to tourists, and interpreting the values of regions and countries to the world. Within the scope of this study, the effect of burnout levels of professional tourist guides on their turnover intentions during the Covid-19 pandemic was investigated. The data obtained by the survey method were examined with statistical analysis methods. It was revealed that the tourist guides were mostly negatively affected by the pandemic, their level of benefiting from the provided supports was limited, they had moderate burnout and intention to leave the job, and the perceptions of burnout had a significant positive effect on their intention to leave their job. As a result of the research, suggestions were made to public institutions, businesses and professional organizations. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ahmet Mesut BÜYÜKSARIKULAK; Seher SULUK Abstract: It is seen that various indices are used to measure the macroeconomic performance and life satisfaction of countries. The misery index is one of the commonly used indices in this regard. The aim of this study is to evaluate the macroeconomic performance of the Fragile Five (Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey) countries between 2010-2021 by calculating the misery index and to reveal the position of Turkey among these countries. According to the results, it is determined that while Indonesia shows the best performance, Turkey shares the last place with South Africa. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hilmi Tunahan AKKUŞ; Sevcan KAPKARA KAYA Abstract: In this study, the relationship between the profit share rates of participation banks operating and the interest rates paid on deposits by conventional banks in Turkey is investigated using the data for the period 2006:1-2021:3. Long-term relationships between the profit share rates and interest rates were tested with the Maki cointegration test, and short-term causality relationships were tested with the Hatemi-J asymmetric causality test. The findings obtained from the study show that profit share rates and interest rates move together in the long run there is unidirectional causality from interest rates to profit share rates. However, the findings reveal that there is very weak causality from the profit share rates to the interest rate for a participation bank. According to these results, positive shocks in interest rates have causality towards positive shocks in the profit share rates, and negative shocks in interest rates have causality towards negative shocks in the profit share rates. These results confirm that the participation banks in Turkey are statistically affected by the conventional banks operating on interest rates in terms of profit share application. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Dilşad Tülgen ÇETİN Abstract: In the first quarter of 2022, the country with the highest increase in housing prices in the world was Turkey, and the region with the highest increase in Turkey was Antalya-Isparta-Burdur. For this reason, it is aimed to forecast the housing prices of the Antalya-Isparta-Burdur region by using artificial intelligence in the study. In the proposed artificial neural network model, the consumer price index, housing loan interest rates, dollar rate, Turkey housing price index, and BIST 100 index were determined as input parameters for the period of January 2010-July 2022. As a result, the housing prices of the region were forecasted with high accuracy at ‰5.6 Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and R2 of 99.97%. In addition, future projections were made for the months of June, July, and August of 2022. The conclusions of this study will contribute to the literature in terms of forecasting regional housing prices with artificial intelligence and using the stock index as a predictive parameter as well as macroeconomic variables. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yavuz Selim UĞURLU Abstract: The concept of “archetype”, which was introduced to the world of psychology by Carl Gustav Jung, expresses the behavior patterns transferred from past to present. Jung used this concept to explain human behavior. One of the archetypes is the persona (mask) archetype. The persona, which represents the social aspect of the personality, is the identity that the person acquires according to how he wants to look in social life. People need to be accepted by society and therefore keep up with the general behavior patterns of society by developing various personas. Although the persona shows a personal characteristic, it is actually a collective structure. If a person’s persona develops more than his other personas, the person moves away from his true self and faces various troubles in his life due to overdeveloped persona. Archetypal criticism approaches the underlying causes of the behavior of the characters in literary works and the plots of the works in the light of archetypes. Orhan Kemal’s novel ‘Murtaza’, in which he deals with Turkiye in the 1940s, is a work appropriate to be examined in terms of the persona archetype, which is one of the concepts of archetypist criticism. In this study, Murtaza, the protagonist of the novel, and the events that he experienced were tried to be touched on in the context of the “persona” archetype. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hayri CENGİZ Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of trait emotional intelligence of individuals on work-family conflict and whether the adaptive perfectionism tendency plays a moderating role in this relationship. In this direction, data were collected by making surveys of 217 hospital employees using convenience sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. Path analysis was carried out with the observed variable in order to reveal the moderator effect between variables. According to the results of the research, it has been revealed that emotional intelligence has a negative way significant effect on work-family conflict. And it was observed that adaptive perfectionism had a moderating effect on the effect of emotional intelligence on work-family conflict. The obtained resuts are dissussed by comparing them with the results of previous studies. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Güzin BİLİR; Aysun TUNA Abstract: Stadiums, which are an integral part of the urban texture and urban identity from the Antiquity to the present, are monumental structures where sports events are held and allow the audience to watch these events. In this study, the importance of the Claudiopolis Stadium for the city, which is located in the Akpınar District of the central district of Bolu City, and whose rescue excavation was carried out by the Bolu Museum Directorate in 2008, was tried to be determined in the light of ancient inscriptions. In this context, the function and importance of the stadium structure in ancient times and its place in today's urban landscape are mentioned. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Fatma YİĞİT AÇIKGÖZ; Burak KOKTAY Abstract: All over the world, brands benefit from advertisements to ensure that their products or services are adopted by target audiences. Brands that want to get the best results from advertisements in the face of changing market and consumer behaviours often prefer to use celebrities in their advertisements in order to attract the attention of consumers who are exposed to too many stimuli in daily life. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of a celebrity in more than one advertisement at the same time on consumers, and to test the effect of celebrity support in advertisements on consumers' perceptions of approved brands or products. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Nuriye SARIAKÇALI; Gülşen KIRPIK Abstract: In this study, the “Decision Fatigue Scale” developed by Hickman et al. (2018) was adapted into Turkish. In this context, it is aimed to determine whether the employees in different sectors have decision fatigue and their decision fatigue levels during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Turkey. Google forms, an online survey collection platform, were used to collect the data. Analyzes were made on 446 samples selected by simple random method. In the analysis of the data, confirmatory factor analysis methods were used under structural equation modeling. As a result of the analysis, it has been revealed that the Hickman decision fatigue scale can be used to determine the decision fatigue levels of employees in different sectors in Turkey. In addition, it was determined that the decision fatigue levels of the employees participating in the study were generally low during the COVID-19 pandemic process. In terms of some socio-demographic characteristics, it was observed that the decision fatigue levels of the employees differed. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Parisa ALİZADEHFANAELOO Abstract: The present study aims not only to determine the impact of brand involvement, brand attitude and brand loyalty on brand usage intent and the impact of brand involvement and brand attitude on brand loyalty, but also to investigate the moderator effect of openness to innovations personality trait of consumers on conceptual model relationships. This empirical study was conducted with a proposed model. The model was tested with surveys applied to a sample of 460 online food and beverage shoppers in Istanbul, Turkey. Regression analyses were conducted to test the research hypotheses. The study findings elicited the impact of brand involvement on brand attitude, the impact of brand involvement and brand attitude on brand loyalty and also the impact of brand involvement, brand attitude and brand loyalty on brand usage intent. Furthermore, the moderator role of oppenness to innovations personality trait of consumers on study correlations were verified. The present study underlined the influence of brand involvement on brand usage intent and the openness to innovations personality trait of consumers as moderator factor in model correlations. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Abidin KEMEÇ; Özkan YALÇIN Abstract: This study aims to make a bibliometric analysis on the urban transformation studies made in the Web of Science (WoS) database for the concept of urban transformation, which is accepted as an interdisciplinary field and attracts attention in the academic field. Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative technique used to review literature in any field. In this context, 1648 studies titled 'urban transformation' in the WoS database between 1975-2021 were analyzed. VOSviewer software was used in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the institution that does the most academic studies on urban transformation is Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the publisher is the Journal of Urban History, and the researcher is Hao Wang. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mete SAĞLAM Abstract: Before the establishment of the Inter-Services Intelligence agency (ISI) in Pakistan, the Intelligence Bureau and Military Intelligence agencies were working in the field of intelligence. The failure of intelligence during the First Kashmir War with India in 1947 necessitated the establishment of a new intelligence agency. ISI agency has a structure intertwined with the Pakistani army. As a result of this situation, the military administrations in Pakistan (including some civilian administrations) have strengthened the ISI agency by increasing their powers in order to maintain their power. In this article, the establishment process, strengthening and structure of the newly established Inter-Services Intelligence agency in Pakistan were examined. In addition, in the light of this information, the power of the organization in Pakistani politics and the effects of this power against the State of Pakistan were evaluated within the process. Thus, it is aimed to contribute to the understanding of the influential factors on the politics of strategically strong Pakistan. PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Şükrü YAPRAKLI; Muhammet MUTLU Abstract: The aim of this study is to distinguish whether complaint management and customer relationship management have a mediator role on customer complaint impact on customer loyalty. In line with this purpose, 425 data were obtained by applying surveys to individuals over the age of 18. For data analysis, SPSS 25.0 pocket program was used and mediator analysis was applied. Reached conclusions with the conducted mediator analysis that complaint management and customer relations management have a mediator role in the impact of customer complaints on customer loyalty PubDate: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
Open Access journal
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