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Authors:Richard C. Lindberg Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-24T11:39:33Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231212933
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Authors:Abby Whitaker Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. In the midst of the urban crisis, the creators of Sesame Street rejected the suburban and classroom set designs of other children’s programs and chose instead a city street. When asked why, producers explained that it would appeal to their target audience: impoverished children in urban communities. But producers chose an urban setting because they believed the city could be saved and their show could be its savior. On-screen, producers crafted a vision for cities: an amalgamation of urban idealism, colorblindness, and nostalgia. Off-screen, producers attempted to improve urban conditions by providing children with access to Sesame Street. Drawing on close readings of the set design, production documents, and viewer mail, this article reconstructs the discourse between set designers, the city street they built, and their audience, to show how Sesame Street revitalized the city, both on and off-screen. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-24T11:36:55Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231211604
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Authors:Chris Beer Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. From 1945 to the end of the twentieth century, the Central Coast region adjacent to Australia’s largest city—Sydney—grew from a population of 30,000 to nearly 300,000 people. This article examines the long-distance commuting that was integral to this growth. By the 1990s, around a third of the region’s workforce was regularly traveling distances of 50 kilometers or more each way to the main body of Sydney. For many, the Central Coast offered new opportunities not readily available elsewhere in the metropolitan area to access housing—whether they sought to buy or rent—within a distinct, increasingly esteemed, coastal landscape. Over time, this commuting was variously encouraged, resented, and problematized. While it had parallels to other parts of Sydney’s “commuter belt,” the region’s experience stands as a notable case study of the diversity of household values across work, housing, and mobility. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-20T06:52:21Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231207107
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Authors:Elke Couchez Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This paper compares three projects presented at the International Laboratory for Architecture & Urban Design (ILA&UD, 1976-2015) that focused on increasing user participation. ILA&UD was an experimental educational platform that uniquely operated in the crevices of architecture, urban design, and planning. Established by Giancarlo de Carlo in 1976, it was one of many networks emerging in Europe centered on urban form after the post-war reconstruction period. This paper focuses on the formative ILA&UD years (1976-1978), in which the notions of participation and reuse were central. ILA&UD is a discursive site to study debates on participation before they even involved the “user” and before they were carved in stone. By contrasting De Carlo’s studio briefs with three illustrative urban design projects presented by participants from KU Leuven, MIT and ETH Zürich, this paper aims to highlight that the ongoing search for urban design tools and methodologies was indecisively teetering between autonomous and heteronomous approaches to urban form. The three projects explore a range of attitudes, from confirming the power of inhabitation to designing with users. By focusing on ambivalences in the discourse, the paper hopes to nuance the dominant perception that participation entailed, as Kenny Cupers observed, “a straightforward course of empowerment for those involved.” Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-14T12:56:17Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231204377
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Authors:Brian Spivey Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article explores the concept of the Anthropocene through the case of Baiyin, a significant mining city in the western Chinese province of Gansu. Baiyin’s history, from its industrial birth in the 1950s to its current environmental remediation and economic diversification efforts, highlights how urban communities built around industrial resource extraction have blurred both physically and conceptually the dichotomy between urban and hinterland. Baiyin’s role in the larger, global dissolution of the urban/hinterland divide draws attention, moreover, to the nonlinearity and complexity of Anthropocene processes at the level of the city. The article contributes to our understanding of the multifaceted nature and local manifestations of the Anthropocene and offers a case study through which to view the planetary integration of urban and hinterland environments. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-13T06:31:22Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231209307
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Authors:Gabriel Doyle Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article examines a dispute between a French missionary hospital and Ottoman state officials over water and cultivated fields in Şişli, a periphery of Istanbul. It uses micro-history to illuminate the spatial and material implications of extraterritoriality and to reveal the role this legal privilege played in the urbanization of Ottoman cities. While European residents within Ottoman territory conceived of extraterritoriality as allowing geographic enclaves, Ottoman authorities resisted the legal fragmentation of the city and considered that all natural resources remained under the sultan’s sovereignty. These diverging understandings of extraterritoriality, in the context of asymmetric relations between European powers and the Ottoman empire, framed an urban dispute that resulted in sanitation reforms, the construction of walled enclosures, and negotiations to clarify the property rights of foreigners. In the process, Şişli became incorporated as an urbanized neighborhood of Istanbul. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-13T06:27:36Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231209281
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Authors:Andrew Hedden Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This essay explores airplane manufacturing in twentieth-century Seattle to trace the correspondence between major developmental moments in the city’s history and broader transitional moments in American empire. In doing so, it argues that Seattle is best understood as an imperial city characterized by four ongoing features: extensive connections beyond the city’s nominal borders; sustained alliance between private commercial interests and the state that made such connections possible; a built environment of technological infrastructure made to serve that alliance; and labor forces, segmented by race, subject to the evolving needs of empire. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-07T10:39:03Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231209296
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Authors:Mariana Dantas, Carl Nightingale Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. The articles in this special section employ histories of cities to examine the relationship between human ambitions and the transformation of space, the development of power discrepancies, and unequal access to material and natural resources. They also reveal the relevance of this quintessential human creation to global dynamics on our planet by unveiling the complex and often messy intersection between urban trajectories, local, imperial, or national histories and longue durée global developments. More than a case study, each article delves into the details of the materiality of the urban history they examine to explain how cities exist in the world, or in Richard Harris’s words, “how cities matter” to our shared planetary past and present. In this manner, they answer the call for new conversations about the historical relationship between our urban past and our broader global reality. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-07T10:37:32Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231209269
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Authors:Els Minne Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Adding to research on the link between religion and urbanization, this article explores how the notion of poverty influenced the relationship between Catholic actors and the city of Brussels (Belgium). It shows how the dynamics between clerics and urbanization changed on a local level because of the international renewal campaign of the Catholic Church in the 1960s. Before the Second Vatican Council, Catholics saw urban poverty as proof of the secularization process in modern European cities. From the 1960s onward, however, the Catholic clergy in Brussels—as well as in other European cities—started to refute the idea that religion and urbanization were irreconcilable, and instead urged for a positive attitude toward modern cities. By ceasing to associate modern cities with poverty, the Brussels vicariate stimulated its parish priests to engage in an active relationship with the city in order to shape its physical and social environment. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-11-07T10:34:51Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231207026
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Authors:Imani Radney Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article examines the defensive politics of police advocacy, which prized independence and was explicitly tied to the issue of police violence, that emerged in Newark, New Jersey, during the mid-1960s. In response to charges of brutality and calls for civilian review of police misconduct, law enforcement officers and their supporters advanced a vision of policing that was entrenched in a belief in police sovereignty—a term I offer to name the notion that law enforcement officers alone should define the boundaries of police work. Abundant violence, uninhibited by civilian authorities, was an essential element of this vision of proper policing. Analyzing this political discourse reveals the fashioning of a white, conservative ideology of policing rooted in the valorization of police violence. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-10-21T08:58:10Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231201354
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Authors:Carol Hager Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-10-17T06:47:01Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231206826
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Authors:T. F. Tierney Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Ladera, a postwar interracial housing cooperative, provides a compelling look at 1940s housing policies, exposing cultural norms of race in state lending structures. In contrast with most midcentury suburban developments, Ladera was architecturally progressive in design and egalitarian in scope, open to all regardless of race, class, or creed. The research examines the innovative planning and fiscal features of the community, followed by an explication of the 1940s lending landscape and state-sponsored financing process that ultimately reshaped Ladera’s development. As a necessary corrective to established narratives of California’s housing policies, this study reveals the influential intersection of racial and class dynamics prior to Palo Alto’s eventual transformation into the nexus of Silicon Valley, exposing the critical preconditions that produced the sprawling, segregated technopolis of today. The cooperative’s history is analyzed through archival materials, including the cooperative’s records, personal journals, architectural drawings, and the FHA’s internal memos and correspondence. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-10-06T07:33:02Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231199270
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Authors:Michael K. Bess Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. The mid-twentieth-century history of urban modernization and mobility in Mexico City was intertwined with political violence. It ranged from the forceful clearing of a working-class community to make way for a stadium parking lot to the “slow violence” of denying people access to trolleys to transport their goods or weaponizing transit policy to reward friends and punish rivals. This article shows how these activities reflected the increasingly violent decisions of an indifferent national and local elite rooted in Mexico City’s political reorganization, which created a powerful, centralized, and unelected bureaucracy: the Department of the Federal District. Public officials, engineers, business leaders, everyday citizens, and newspapers contested issues related to urban mobility. These engagements shaped how people lived and moved in the district and were affected by class politics. They also provoked new configurations for democratic intervention that led people to organize, protest, and resist state power in Mexico City. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-09-26T11:52:42Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231201421
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Authors:Piotr Kisiel Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. (War) destruction of a city is not easily representable. Not only is the entirety of urban space hardly ever equally affected but also, within the damaged areas, there are different degrees of ruination. Along with photos and aerial photography, maps are one of the most common means of representing cities’ war destruction. Despite their appearance, however, they are not an objective and impartial representation, but rather a narrative that can be deconstructed and interpreted in various ways. This paper inquires to what extent the Cottbus war damage map is a reliable testimony of the urban disaster, what its limitations are, and what story it tells. For all its precision, it was not made to serve utilitarian purposes, but rather as a mean of commemoration. This draws our attention to the fact that maps should not be only measured by their accuracy, but rather recognized and assessed on their own terms. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-09-21T07:08:52Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231201352
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Authors:Michael J. Kolb, Gene Wheaton Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. The City of Denver originated as a gold-mining town. Its geographic location and semi-arid environment posed unique challenges to the development of its water supply infrastructure. Multi-scalar historical and archeological analyses, reveal how the city coped with the challenges of water scarcity and distribution over time, illustrating the evolution of water management practices, and the ways in which infrastructure and governance systems evolved to meet changing needs and priorities. Historical analysis maps the changes in urban water infrastructure (cisterns, ditches, sewers, artesian wells, and reservoirs) using a systematic documentation review of the Denver newspaper citations between 1860 and 1929. This is corroborated through contextual investigation and archeological excavations. Taken together, the research demonstrates how the residents of early Denver were forced to continually seek new water sources for distribution even after other provisional priorities such as sewage management and flood control were initiated. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-09-09T10:29:56Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231197438
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Authors:William Riguelle Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Focusing on the Belgian cities of Namur and Liège in the eighteenth century, this article proposes to open a discussion around legal versus illegal butchery, and the description of how it was regulated: by limiting slaughter to specific locations, specific trades, and specific times, and by the work of the people in charge of inspecting foodstuffs. At the heart of this study is the butchery animal—that is, large animals—and the profession in charge of it: the butchers. Given the importance of meat products in consumption practices, the city’s butchers had a central place: gathered in a guild, they had a privileged status, including a virtual monopoly on the slaughter of butchery animals and the sale of raw meat. However, as the meat economy was developing, master butchers were faced with a multitude of vendors who undermined their position and threatened health standards. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-09-05T06:50:08Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231191808
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Authors:Titilola Halimat Somotan Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. As Nigeria prepared for independence in the 1950s, British planners and Nigerian politicians sought to improve Nigeria’s international image by dismantling what they called the “slums” of Central Lagos. This article examines how a loose coalition of residents—including female traders, homeowners, and tenants—challenged the idea that Central Lagos was a slum and pushed for alternative planning proposals that would suit residents’ interests. I propose “popular planners” to describe the residents who drew on their lived experiences and knowledge of colonial planning laws to critique building demolition and demand the Development Board amend its slum clearance plan. Their competing visions, articulated in newspapers, during street demonstrations, and in petitions, demonstrate everyday people’s investment in transforming the city’s future during the end of colonial rule and their opposition to exclusionary planning processes that continue to shape urban policies in Nigeria. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-08-30T06:31:24Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231194648
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Authors:Irina Redkina Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. After the introduction of market reforms in the post-socialist coal-mining city of Mezhdurechensk (Russia), the original urban planning rooted in Soviet industrial modernity adapted to the logic of globalization and gentrification. One way this played out is the conversion of streets into sites of consumption, with the appearance of numerous ground-floor shops that gave underemployed women an opportunity to facilitate early gentrification. This dynamic ended in the mid-2010s, when more prominent market players began to dominate the city space with franchise shops. This article is an ethnographic exploration of how working-class women, drawing on their gendered and class-based skills, demarcate a place for themselves in post-Soviet industrial settings and become the pioneers of gentrification. I also explore the limits of women’s self-employment activities and the narrative of individual responsibility for entrepreneurial failure, namely the eventual closure of their businesses twenty-five years later. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-08-23T08:32:27Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231194105
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Authors:Jill Pearlman Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-08-19T09:52:36Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231192839
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Authors:Douwe Schipper Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article revisits the Baltimore “highway revolt” of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Unlike previous scholarship, which has primarily focused on the citywide, interracial antihighway coalition Movement Against Destruction, this article examines local and grassroots antihighway groups in the white ethnic neighborhoods of Southeast and South Baltimore. A more localized investigation complicates the narrative of the “harmonious” convergence of different classes and races around the highway issue—the notion that “the people” came together to block “the road.” Local antihighway organizing was more parochial and more divisive, mirroring the factionalized racial and environmental landscape of early 1970s urban America. This finding has implications for historians’ understanding of highway revolts in other American cities—several of which have also been characterized as examples of effective coalition building between different neighborhoods, social classes, ethnicities, and races. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-07-31T06:32:42Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231190410
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Authors:Alexa Rodríguez Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-07-21T08:30:48Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231187654
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Authors:Maansi Shah Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. As the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) aims to assert its property rights over the long-contested and storied People’s Park, I examine the history and variation in property claims to the park and how they have been argued—legally, in the media, and as articulated through actions surrounding the park. I discuss the struggle over property and land rights through the shifting and slipping claims to publicity. In particular, I survey the changing language of the university’s claims to public purpose, as well as the role of police power in enforcing property claims to this space. I explore the formation of the University of California, highlighting the historical continuity of imperial expansion and land grabs undertaken under the guise of “public purpose.” Finally, I analyze the student and community opposition to the university, and its impacts on both the articulation and realization of university’s claims to property rights. I argue that the definition of “public” as articulated by the university’s actions and rhetoric, rests both on its service to students and its role in fulfilling the military-imperial interests of the American state. These claims to “publicness” in turn allow the university to indiscriminately seize land in the East Bay. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-07-21T08:28:28Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231186628
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Authors:Claire Campbell Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-06-26T09:27:57Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231184192
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Authors:Philipp Heckmann-Umhau Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Strasbourg, this article argues, played a seminal role in the development of urban planning. The city’s transformation in the late nineteenth century was one of the earliest, largest, and most expensive planned urban extensions in modern Germany. In the process, Strasbourg also came to play a central role in the development of urban planning into an established area of technical expertise, an academic discipline, and an area of professional practice. Initially conceived under the aegis of the empire’s military command, the transformation of Strasbourg quickly involved local politicians, landowners, and independent experts, accelerating the development of urban planning into a practice dominated by what Camillo Sitte described as “technicians and specialists.” The reception of Strasbourg impacted the salient debates in urban planning from the 1870s to the early twentieth century. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-06-26T09:24:25Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231180873
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Authors:Miguel Ángel Motis-Dolader, Ana Ruiz-Varona, Lourdes Pérez-López Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article analyzes the morphology and functionality of the Jewish quarter of Zaragoza at the end of the fifteenth century, shortly before the expulsion of the Jews in 1492, from a multidisciplinary perspective. It deals with the specific nature and understanding of one of the most important Jewish neighborhoods in Sepharad on the internal levels of Hebrew law and the confessional community, where urbanism is traced out from the privacy of the home and not from the public space and where the neighborhood is linked to the synagogues. Over two thousand documents from the 1492 to 1500 period, from the Archive of the Crown of Aragon, notarial protocols, municipal sources, and inquisitorial trials, have been consulted. A method of vertical cartographic coordination based on geographic information systems is applied as a way of geo-referencing the oldest surviving plans to reconstruct the physical and experiential space of the city in the Late Middle Ages. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-06-21T11:26:28Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231181112
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Authors:Jon C. Teaford Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-30T08:42:55Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231176823
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Authors:Carolyn Gallaher Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-22T10:52:58Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231176288
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Authors:Inbal Ofer Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. The article analyzes the ideological reasoning, planning rationale, and construction of controlled/satellite neighborhoods (poblados dirigidos) in the metropolitan area of Madrid during the 1950s and 1960s. Poblados dirigidos were compact and minutely planned barrios on which the Franco regime (1939-1975) hinged its hopes for re-directing urban growth and controlling informal urbanization. While the phenomenon of poblados dirigidos was investigated by several Spanish architects and urban planners, their work focused mostly on the design of these neighborhoods, the structure of their housing units, and the innovative construction techniques. The current article suggests that the spatial crisis that drove the dictatorship to embrace the planning module of poblados dirigidos cannot be understood in isolation from the political and economic challenges faced by the regime during its “interim decades.” These challenges led to a progressive shift in the regime’s territorial representations and to a partial shift in its spatial practices, which the article analyzes. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-22T05:57:13Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164179
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Authors:Laura Redford Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-19T07:12:37Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231174201
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Authors:Erika M. Kitzmiller Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-18T11:41:52Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231172528
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Authors:Roseann Liu Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Much of the scholarship on charter schools has examined the reform through the lens of neoliberalism, rightly critiquing it for its negative effects on democracy, public schools, and marginalized communities. While we have developed important understandings of how progressive values are often repurposed toward strengthening neoliberal projects in education, I argue for a serious exploration of the possibilities of using neoliberal tools as a way of advancing progressive aims. Using the case study of a charter school in Philadelphia’s Chinatown that was founded expressly as a claim to urban space, Asian American self-determination, and multiracial solidarity, I show how some of the progressive aims we hope to achieve can come from unexpected neoliberal techniques. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-17T12:22:47Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231170855
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Authors:René Luís Alvarez Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-13T12:35:15Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231171719
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Authors:Jeanne Abrams Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-13T12:31:51Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231171718
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Authors:Assaf Mond Havardi, Inbal Ofer Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-11T10:18:37Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164157
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Authors:Richard Harris Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. “Neighborhood” is routinely used when referring to the history of residential areas in North American cities. In fact, it is unclear whether this has always been the preferred term, and how its meaning has changed. A survey of the English- and French-Canadian experience, including a case study of Toronto using digital newspaper files, indicates that in the early twentieth century other terms were common. “Neighborhood” referred primarily to poorer, immigrant districts. Especially since the 1960s, it has been much more commonly used and in a general sense. In that regard, its evolving meaning has converged with the francophone usage of quartier. It is only recently that local associations have dropped “ratepayer” from their names in favor of “residents” or, to a lesser extent, “neighborhood.” This now disguises the fact that such associations are dominated by property owners. Getting the language right is important for a clear-eyed understanding of both the past and the present. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-10T12:53:17Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231170239
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Authors:Nichole Nelson Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article examines how white supremacy diluted the nationwide struggle to eliminate racial residential segregation known as the Fair Housing Movement. As the sole civil rights organization dedicated to fair housing, the National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing (NCDH) fought valiantly to help African Americans buy homes in white neighborhoods and generated the political momentum necessary for the passage of fair housing laws from 1950 through 1987. However, it also disseminated a moderate vision of fair housing that depended on white Americans’ comfort. This vision left the NCDH vulnerable to criticism from Progressive and Black Power fair housing activists who believe in fair housing on African Americans’ terms or advocate for reinvestment in African American neighborhoods. Although these factions remain ignored and underfunded, they challenge the notion of a unified national Fair Housing Movement and offer an alternative, more equitable vision of this often-overlooked portion of the Civil Rights Movement. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-05-08T12:19:00Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164187
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Authors:Dotan Halevy Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Israel’s civil defense apparatus relies upon a technologically advanced alarm system. Once a rocket is detected, a cellphone app alerts the residents of the targeted area, and only the sirens located close by start wailing. The ability to isolate hundreds of such “alert zones” from one another during conflagrations with the Gaza Strip has been celebrated as the key to Israel’s civil and economic resilience. Yet, when the history of this technology is examined, a different picture also emerges. Civil society in Israel has often contested the fragmentation of the country into distinct alert zones and surfaced the social and political inequalities it enhances. By following these claims, this article shows how Israel designed the alert zone system to crumble the traditional notion of emergency and turn it from a collective into an individual experience. The article argues that Israel has shifted the meaning of war, for its citizens, from a political crisis into a series of random events, thus naturalizing the perpetual conflict with the Palestinians, stifling any effective demand for resolving it, and cementing an individualized form of state sovereignty. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-04-22T11:05:13Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164180
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Authors:Antonio Barocci Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Between 1925 and 1928, a fundamental strategy of the Italian fascist regime was the imposition of a political court, the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State [Tribunale Speciale per la Difesa dello Stato], to control its political enemies and the entire society. One unexplored aspect of the Special Tribunal was its use of long-term surveillance to monitor people brought before the court. Suspects were monitored for long periods even when found innocent or upon release from prison. Blending geographical and historical analysis, specifically HGIS (Historical Geographical Information System), this work contributes to highlight surveillance during the fascist regime, which was less brutal than others not because it was imperfect but because it was sophisticated. Thus, the article also contributes to the understanding of the nature of the Italian fascist regime in comparison to its contemporary counterparts. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-04-22T10:59:25Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164159
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Authors:Ulrike Jureit Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article discusses the interaction between the national-socialist expulsion and resettlement programs, which emerged in the forefront of the so-called Generalplan Ost, and their disorganized and ultimately failed implementation on the basis of the German occupation policy in Poland between 1939 and 1941. The racial homogenization of the former Polish territories during this first phase of the war was used as a field of experimentation before the planners transferred the principle of “repopulation” with certain modifications to the occupied parts of the Soviet Union from June 1941 onward. Basically, it is argued that it was not primarily the implementation of existing expansion and occupation concepts that caused the radicalization of the extermination policy, but in particular the failure of the intended population exchange. The homogenization policy escalated into a historically unprecedented extermination program when the colonial space could no longer be populated “Aryan” even in its own imagination. The discrepancy between state planning and concrete implementation points to complex configurations of action that were not only fatal but decisive for the murderous radicalism of the National Socialist extermination policy as well as for the procedural decisions on the Holocaust. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-04-19T11:38:33Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164178
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Authors:Gregory Bracken Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-04-14T06:57:45Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164412
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Authors:Assaf Mond Havardi Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. “Mother went in to work tonight, how I hate her on Sunday work!,” wrote fourteen years old Kathleen Biddlecombe in her diary, on Sunday, January 13, 1918. Kathleen and her family lived on 6 Cobbett Road, London, in Well Hall Garden Suburb—mostly known today as Progress Estate. Built between January and December 1915, in the first year of the First World War, the estate provided some 1,086 houses and 212 flats for the munition workers of the nearby Royal Arsenal factory in Woolwich. This article examines the First World War history of this housing project, by focusing on the diary of young Kathleen. Using the works of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certueau, the article probes the tensions between the ways this space was planned and built—in accordance with the agenda of the Garden City Movement—and the ways it was produced and used by its inhabitants during the war. It uncovers the production of space by the people whose houses were built along the Well Hall Road, where Route 44 of the Tram stopped to take them to and from the munition factory. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-04-14T06:56:45Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231164158
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Authors:Emily M. Brooks Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-04-07T09:11:13Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231160859
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Authors:Colin L. Anderson Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. Examining Currier and Ives’s immensely popular and racist lithographic print series, the “Darktown” comics, from 1877 to 1900, this article argues that the prints represented homogeneous black urban space as commonplace, natural, and correct despite the fact that extensive residential racial segregation was not the reality in any U.S. cities during the period. In doing so, the images both reflected growing white desires for segregation and constituted one site where Americans encountered, and potentially acquired, ideas about segregation. By demonstrating that images of racial segregation circulated via the Darktown comics prior to advent of ghettoization, this article addresses a significant gap in the historical scholarship on U.S. racial residential segregation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as this scholarship has overlooked popular culture as a site where ideas about segregation appeared and played out. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-03-18T10:11:47Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231159946
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Authors:William C. Barnett Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-03-18T10:03:27Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231158666
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Authors:Keith Wilhite Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-03-07T05:20:18Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231157321
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Authors:Shelley S. Mastran Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-03-07T05:18:34Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231153184
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Authors:Stacy Kinlock Sewell Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-02-18T05:07:24Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231154639
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Authors:Daniel Holland Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-02-18T05:06:25Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231152918
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Authors:Aristotle Kallis Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-02-10T06:22:35Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231151668
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Authors:Christopher Hayes Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-02-08T10:33:12Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442231151735
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Authors:David Soll Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-02-07T10:51:33Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442221149806
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Authors:Ann M. Becker Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-02-02T04:53:03Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442221149805
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Authors:David Soll Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-01-21T10:14:40Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442221149807
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Authors:Ruby Oram Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-01-21T10:13:21Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442221146223
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Authors:Luis M. Sierra Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print. This article focuses on Major Gualberto Villarroel’s dictatorship in Bolivia (1943-1946), his murder, and the reanimation of his memory as a Bolivian national hero by the MNR party or Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement). This nationalist party forged out of the crucible of the Chaco War, between Bolivia and Paraguay during 1932-1935, was an important factor in Bolivian politics throughout the twentieth century and initially came to power through an urban insurrection in April 1952. The article specifically uses the case of Gualberto Villarroel to explore why some national heroes are missing from the La Paz cemetery, how the MNR chose to commemorate the Revolution of 1952 and Villarroel’s martyrdom for the MNR in 1946, and how the MNR used those events to colonize urban space, to shape collective memory, and to silence popular historical actors. The MNR’s choice in making Villarroel a martyr required a revision of historical reality. Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-01-13T10:56:03Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442221143731
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Authors:Jessica Pierce Abstract: Journal of Urban History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Urban History PubDate: 2023-01-05T06:39:45Z DOI: 10.1177/00961442221144681
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