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Kadim
Number of Followers: 2  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 2757-9395 - ISSN (Online) 2757-9476 Published by DergiPark  [185 journals]
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- Significance of Paratext: Süheyl Ünver's Yazma Kitap Kılavuzu (A Guide
to Islamic Manuscripts) and His Suggestions on Cataloging Islamic
Manuscripts
Authors: Nimet İpek; Serra Bostan
Abstract: During his visits to the Istanbul Manuscript libraries, Süheyl Ünver (1898-1986) recorded interesting details on small cards and classified them as subject-based files. One of the most outstanding works he created during these sessions in libraries is Yazma Kitap Kılavuzu (A Guide to Islamic Manuscripts). The work is in Süleymaniye Library with call number Süheyl Ünver Dosya 151. In this work, the points he indicates and suggests to be recorded in catalog entries reflect his novel approach to Islamic manuscripts. His examination of the relationship between text and paratext (tr. zarf-mazrūf) elements regarding manuscripts demonstrates his innovative perspective on the “zarf ” concept. This article highlights Ünver's claim for defining the paratext (zarf) concept as a new field of scholarship, focusing on how to apply modern terminology to paratextual elements and which elements are termed “zarf ”. Accordingly, it scrutinized Ünver's views on the theory of cataloging. Considering Ünver's other works, the article asserts that "Yazma Kitap Kılavuzu" is one of the earliest works discussing the paratext in modern studies. Within this framework, the article systematically presents relevant sections of the work and exemplifies the “zarf” concept.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Papp, Sándor. Osmanlılar ve Macarlar: Bir Diplomatik Tarih. İstanbul:
Vakıfbank Kültür Yayınları, 2023
Authors: Özgür Kolçak
Abstract: This paper reviews Sándor Papp’s Osmanlılar ve Macarlar: Bir Diplomatik Tarih, an edited volume of his articles. It surveys the contents of the articles by grouping them according to their research focuses and attempts to analyze the author’s research methods as well as the historical sources he employed during his studies. Scholars of historical studies and interested in the Ottoman-Hungarian relationship in the 15th-20th centuries should obtain a copy of Papp’s volume for their private library.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Bilici, Faruk. Le canal de Suez et l’Empire ottoman. Paris: CNRS
Éditions, 2019
Authors: Eyyub Şimşek
Abstract: The opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt under Ottoman rule is considered as one of the most important events in the modern history of the Middle East. Although there was political and commercial competition between England and France on the canal, this fact does not justify historiography approaching the opening of the canal as a result of this competition. Faruk Bilici’s work titled Le canal de Suez et l’Empire ottoman appears as concrete evidence that this perspective needs to change. One of the most important contributions of the study to the literature is that it shows how useful Ottoman archive sources can be in the research related to the Suez Canal.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The Institutionalization of Bureaucratic Practices in the Ottoman Legal
System: A Case Study of the Bursa Court and the Development of Court
Registers
Authors: Habibullah Habib
Abstract: The emergence of records and registers in the Ottoman judicial and administrative bureaucracy remains a relatively unexplored question within Ottoman history. This study aims to examine this question with reference to the judicial registers of the Bursa court, which was the highest legal authority until the conquest of Edirne and the establishment of the office of kazasker (military judge). Bursa is of great importance as it was the city where the Ottoman judicial organization and the related bureaucratic structure were shaped, and it contains the earliest dated registers among the surviving judicial records and documents. Bursa's judicial registers, especially those from the 15th century, are the only surviving collection of registers in a book form in the Islamic world, and they constitute an indispensable source for Islamic and Ottoman legal studies. This article discusses the establishment of the Bursa court, its history, and its role in the establishment of the Ottoman bureaucratic tradition, along with the first judge of Bursa, the formation and importance of the judicial registers, and the earliest surviving registers of Bursa based on archival records.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Stephanov, Darin N. Ruler Visibility and Popular Belonging in the Ottoman
Empire, 1808-1908. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018
Authors: Arlen Wiesenthal
Abstract: Darin N. Stephanov’s first monograph examines how the late Ottoman dynasty’s image-management policies influenced their non-elite subjects, particularly Bulgarian-speaking Christians. Stephanov argues that Ottoman regimes manipulated “ruler visibility” to encourage subjects to identify with and invest in the future of the empire and that these practices paradoxically paved the way for Ottoman Bulgars to conceive of themselves in ethnonational terms. The book thus makes a convincing case for the importance of monarchies in bridging late imperial and early national contexts.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Establishment and Continuity of the Rüstem Pasha Madrasa Library
Authors: Elif Derin
Abstract: This article aims to contribute to Ottoman book culture studies regarding collections and foundation libraries. It examines the book collection of Rüstem Pasha, one of the viziers of the Süleyman the Magnificent, in the Süleymaniye Manuscript Library. Rüstem Pasha's wealth of books is emphasized in historical sources. He established a high-grade madrasa in Istanbul in the mid-16th century and endowed a book collection necessary for education. This article compares the books specified in Pasha's endowment deed with the catalog of the collection issued during Abdulhamid II's reign, and its current state to reveal the formation of the collection and how it has survived to the present day. While the endowment deed provides detailed information about the first books endowed to the madrasa, the collection itself and the Hamidian-era catalog provide information about the books that were lost and added to the collection over time.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Pfeifer, Helen. Empire of Salons: Conquest and Community in the Early
Modern Ottoman Lands. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022
Authors: Christian Mauder
Abstract: Helen Pfeifer’s Empire of Salons employs the tools of intellectual and social history to analyze the role that salons played in the integration of the Arabic-speaking lands into the Ottoman Empire. Based primarily on Arabic and Ottoman Turkish sources, Pfeifer uses the figure of the Damascus-based scholar Badr al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (1499-1577) and the members of his family and network to demonstrate that salons were of central importance to both Arabs and Rumis as they navigated the new, post-conquest realities of the 16th century.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Yetiş Doğan, Esma Gül. Osmanlı İç Borçlanma Sisteminde Modernleşme
1839-1881. İstanbul: Vakıfbank Kültür Yayınları, 2023
Authors: Hasan Ali Çakmak
Abstract: Ottoman debt history has a rich literature in terms of the analysis of external loans. However, the historical course of domestic borrowings and the position they acquired in modern imperial finance have yet to be wondered and turned into academic research. This article evaluates the work titled Modernization in the Ottoman Domestic Borrowing System 1839-1881, written by Esma Gül Yetiş Doğan, to fill this gap in recent years. Discussing the content of the work, its objections to the literature, the new findings, and its suggestions, the article announces that the work is a modest contribution to historiography.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The Struggle for Influence in North Africa and Salih Münir Bey's
Diplomatic Initiatives
Authors: Kasım Hızlı; Sacit Uğuz
Abstract: The Treaty of Berlin signed in 1878 caused the Ottoman Empire to suffer great territorial losses; moreover, major Ottoman holdings in North Africa, Tripoli, and Benghazi came under the threat of occupation by France and Britain, which controlled the neighboring Tunisia and Sudan, respectively. The Ottoman Empire did not have the military and economic means to counteract these threats, thus it was forced to rely on legal and diplomatic measures within the framework of international treatises. One of the prominent diplomats in this regard was the Ottoman Ambassador to Paris, Salih Münir Bey. Focusing on the activities of Salih Münir Bey as an ambassador for more than a decade (1896 -1908), this study analyses the diplomatic attempts to protect the Ottoman territories and spheres of influence, which became a target in the colonial race in Africa, as well as Münir Bey’s influence n the foreign policy decisions of the Ottoman court.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Between War and Peace: Diplomacy, Disinformation and Decision-Making in
the Process Leading to the Vienna Campaign of 1683
Authors: Metin Aydar
Abstract: The Second Siege of Vienna (1683) took place as a result of a series of political, military, and diplomatic decisions that transformed a local conflict in Central Europe into a great war. This siege was an important event that paved the way for the unification of European states in the face of a common threat and remained in cultural memory. In this study, the attitudes of the Ottoman ruling elites and the process leading to the declaration of war are discussed in the light of new and existing sources. In this context, the developments behind the scenes of the process leading to the war are examined in detail by focusing on a narrative source entitled “Derbeyân-ı sefer-i Nemçe (On the Explanation of the Austrian Campaign)” in a compendium preserved in the National Library of France. In this way, previously unknown aspects of the political atmosphere of the period, conflicting ideas among Ottoman decision-makers, and the process leading to the decision of war are revealed.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Revisiting the 1826 Bektaşi Purge: Political-Economy of Confiscating
Endowment Lands
Authors: Hasan Fatih Öyük
Abstract: This paper analyzes Mahmud II's famous purge of Bektashi lodges after the Vâkâ-yı Hayriyye (Auspicious Event) in the first half of the nineteenth century with a novel approach. In the current scholarship, the government's attempt to confiscate Bektashi properties has been discussed mainly in the economic and fiscal contexts. Furthermore, the ulema was depicted as indifferent to the confiscation of the Bektashi lodges in this narrative. Instead, this article sheds light on three essential aspects of the confiscation process. Firstly, it argues that many members of the ulema showed active and passive resistance to the abolishment of Bektashi lodges, managing to limit certain policies of the central government over the Bektashi lodges. The second argument of the paper is that the government took the ulema seriously throughout the process and created a careful religio-legal language to justify the procedure. Finally, it asserts that the Bektashi purge of Mahmud II did not reach its immediate aim to abolish Bektashism and create an additional financial resource for the newly established central army. However, this event became the starting point of a new government policy over religious endowments by redefining the central government's limits over the religious sphere.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- A Local Chronicler in Mosul: Yasîn al-Omarî (1745-1820) and His
Târîh-i Âsâru’l-Jaliyya fî Havâdisi’l-Ardiyya
Authors: Ebubekir Ceylan
Abstract: This study is about a local chronicler in Ottoman Mosul, Yâsîn al-Omarî (1745-1820), and his chronicle Târîh-i Âsâru’l-Jaliyya fî Havâdisi’l-Ardiyye. Yâsîn Omarî belonged to the notable Omarî family and wrote 17 books, most of them dedicated to various notables of Mosul. The manuscript copy in Millet Manuscript Library is used in this study and it is in much better condition than that of the British Library and encompasses a longer period. Supported by Ottoman archival documents, this study presents the manuscript and then focuses on the last period of the chronicle which deals with the events that took place during the lifetime of the chronicler. As in many chronicles, natural events such as floods, earthquakes, droughts, famines, lunar/solar eclipses, epidemic diseases, and extraordinary events are included in this chronicle as well. The most important event mentioned in the work is Nadir Shah’s siege of Mosul in 1743. The author also included the disagreements and conflicts between the rulers, city notables, and Janissaries in Mosul during the Jalili period; however, he did not present them in a cause effect relationship and preferred praise over criticism. The works written by the author and other members of his extended family prove that contrary to what was claimed, the intellectual life in Ottoman Mosul in the second half of the 18th century was not inert and static.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- An Ottoman Intellectual Dreaming of Universal Communication: Hüseyin
Tevfik
Authors: Sevda Kaman
Abstract: In many artificial language projects, a new language was constructed, which was claimed to be suitable for oral/written communication and easy and quick to learn, while in others, written communication based on passigraphy and cryptology was taken as a basis. Hüseyin Tevfik, the 20th-century Ottoman intellectual who observed that the cosmopolitan structure of the Ottoman Empire negatively affected the commercial and social relations of those who could not speak a language other than their mother tongue, argued in his work İştirak Beyânı Musavver) Şifre-i Umûmî Târifâtı (1326/1910) that speakers of different languages could communicate with the encryption system he developed by utilizing the universality of numerical signs without the pain of learning a language. This article aims to analyze Hüseyin Tevfik's work, which he wrote to show that universal written communication is possible without knowing a foreign language and which he presented as a solution to the universal communication problem of his time, and to contribute to the history of artificial languages by comparing it with artificial language projects designed for the same purpose. After introducing Şifre-i Umûmî Târifâtı (1326/1910), the article will focus on the similarities and differences between the work and other artificial language projects based on cryptology and passigraphy.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Barakat, Nora Elizabeth. Bedouin Bureaucrats: Mobility and Property in the
Ottoman Empire. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2023
Authors: Erdal Çiftçi
Abstract: This monograph examines the imperial nation-building process in the latter half of the nineteenth century, centering on tent-dwelling Bedouin tribes of inner Syria, predominantly in the Transjordan region. Investigating interactions among Bedouin chiefs, commercial-capitalists, urban elites, and Ottoman officials from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century, it illustrates the central role of Bedouin bureaucrats in fostering mutually beneficial relationships within or outside the state sphere.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
