Authors:Marcela Sabaté Sort, Carmen Fillat, José María Serrano Sanz Pages: 15 - 58 Abstract: Spain never formally joined the classical gold standard, partly because its aspiration for gold convertibility did not match the financing needs of the Treasury. This paper illustrates how preferences for convertibility, that is, for fixed exchange rates, were shared by the parliamentary representatives of its manufacturing provinces because of their dependency on imported inputs (coal and cotton). However, to explain their preference for currency stability, trade policy must be considered. Without the high tariffs that the cotton industry enjoyed thorough the whole period and the steel industry from 1891 onwards, the renouncement of a procompetitive depreciating peseta might not have been so clear-cut. Thus, beyond the Spanish case, this paper supports the theoretical assumption that the input-output structure of a productive sector influences its currency stance, while reinforcing the argument that trade policy plays a key role in the understanding of currency politics. PubDate: 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1344/rhiihr.v31i84.32637 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:Cristina Borderías Mondejar, Luisa Muñoz-Abeledo, Xavier Cussó Segura Pages: 59 - 98 Abstract: Historic constructions of family budgets have been scarce in Spain. In fact, the first national Family Budget Survey was carried out in 1958. In this article, we present new evidence of different occupational groups’ incomes in Spanish provincial capitals (1914-1930). We also calculate the minimum cost of covering basic needs (food, housing, and other expenses) of urban working families. The main objective of the article is to estimate the capacity of men’s wages to sustain the family economy, as well as women’s contributions to the same. The main data sources are the Boletín del Instituto de Reformas Sociales 1904-1924 (Bulletin of the Institute of Social Reforms), the Anuario Estadístico de España 1914-30 (Spanish Statistical Yearbook), and the National Population Censuses (1910-1930), the food and nutrient totals prepared by García Barbancho (1960a and 1960b), and estimates of energy and nutrient requirements prepared by WHO/FAO and other specialists and institutions. PubDate: 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1344/rhiihr.v31i84.32631 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:Jose Juan Martos Gómez, José Maria Ortiz-Villajos Pages: 99 - 143 Abstract: This article explores whether the Spanish armed forces were modernized between 1891 and 1935. To this end, the expenditure of the military ministries (Army and Navy) is analyzed, disaggregated between expenditure on material and expenditure on personnel. An increase in the relative weight of material spending is considered an indication of modernization. According to this, throughout the period studied, the armed forces did modernize, although the Navy did so with greater intensity than the Army. This advance coincided with a reduction in officer staff and was suited to the reconstruction plans of the Navy and the investment in new weapons for the Army, largely driven by the war in Morocco. PubDate: 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1344/rhiihr.v31i84.31101 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:Juan Zabalza Arbizu Pages: 145 - 174 Abstract: The Great Depression in the 1930s gave way to a global debate about economic planning. The debate had a direct impact in different areas of the Spanish public sphere within which lobbies, interest groups, trade unions, associations of employers, political parties, but also professional economists gave their different views on the topic. This article analyses the different views of the Spanish economists on these experiments that they conveyed throughout a wide range of articles and monographs. Such an account will shed light on many issues like the prevalence of the theoretical analysis over ideological issues making the discourse of the economists clearly different and unique. It also shows the existence of a pluralistic view on the study of the economic organization that emerged from different theoretical frameworks and the gradual catching up of Spanish economics regarding more advanced countries. PubDate: 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1344/rhiihr.v31i84.32105 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:Pablo Gutiérrez González, Jerònia Pons Pons Pages: 175 - 203 Abstract: This paper examines the changes to reinsurance regulation implemented during the Spanish autarky to analyze how the restriction of imports of financial services affects the performance of the insurance and risk management industry. We build a novel dataset on domestic insurers and reinsurers to identify the effects of the barriers to purchasing foreign reinsurance on corporate strategies and ultimately, on the determinants of reinsurance demand. We find that, in spite of a chronic dependence on foreign risk exchange networks, Spanish insurers faced this period of isolation by means of an intensive use of captive reinsurance. This strategy helped to alleviate financial distress and resulted in the substitution of foreign reinsurers by domestic companies, as far as the restrictive regulation was in force. PubDate: 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1344/rhiihr.v31i84.31954 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:Marc Prat Pages: 211 - 214 Abstract: Martín Rodrigo Alharilla, Un hombre, mil negocios. La controvertida historia de Antonio López, marqués de Comillas, Barcelona, Ariel, 2021, 411 pp. PubDate: 2022-03-15 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:José Luis García Ruiz Pages: 215 - 217 Abstract: Pere-A. Fàbregas, Mutua Universal. Más de un siglo de proximidad y servicio, 1907-2020, Barcelona, Mutua Universal, 2021, 427 pp. PubDate: 2022-03-15 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:Antoni Vives Reus Pages: 219 - 222 Abstract: Carlos Larrinaga Rodríguez (ed.), Luis Bolín y el turismo en España entre 1928 y 1952, Barcelona, Marcial Pons. 2021, 226 pp. PubDate: 2022-03-15 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
Authors:María Ángeles Pons Pages: 229 - 231 Abstract: Aristóbulo de Juan, De bancos banqueros y supervisores: 50 años desde la trinchera, Barcelona, Deusto, 2021, 240 pp. PubDate: 2022-03-15 Issue No:Vol. 31, No. 84 (2022)
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