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Studia Historyczne
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0025-1429
Published by Jagiellonian University

[14 journals]

Back Matter
- PubDate: 2022-07-20
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
„O sztuce cukrowej”, czyli dlaczego piętnastowieczni aptekarze
włoscy wytwarzali słodycze'
- Authors: Rafał Hryszko
  Pages: 5 - 19
  Abstract: “ON SUGAR ART”; OR, WHY DID FIFTEENTH CENTURY ITALIAN PHARMACISTS MAKE CANDY' This article looks at the production of candy by late mediaeval Italian pharmacists. The author discusses the roots of candy production and shows its development was connected to the use of medical products based on honey, sugar, spices and fruits. For many centuries such products were treated as medicines and only at the end of the Middle Ages did people start to perceive them as candy. Pharmacists from Italian nations, known as speziari, were central to the process. They had access to a range of spices imported from the Orient, know-how and experience inherited from their ancestors and their own acquired skills. In effect, they started producing candy on the base of existing, sweet medical products. The richest and most helpful source for the study of the candy production is De artificium zuchari, the thirteenth chapter of Lumen apothecariorum, a work by the fifteenth-century Piedmont physicist and pharmacist, Quirico de Augustis.
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.01
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
Hrabina du Barry jako faworyta Ludwika XV (1768-1774)
- Authors: Rafał Niedziela
  Pages: 21 - 49
  Abstract: COUNTESS DU BARRY AS A ROYAL FAVORITE OF LOUIS XV (1768-1774) Jeanne Bécu, countess du Barry, was the last favorite of King Louis XV of France. As a woman of the people, with no property, no name and an unclear past, she became the heroine of numerous satires and pamphlets. Contemporaries presented her as a debauched, vulgar, vain and spendthrift person. These accusations are repeated by many historians to this day. This article is an attempt to show the origins of these negative opinions and uncover the real picture of her life at the Versailles court between 1768-1774.
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.02
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
Wróżki i zacofanie irlandzkich chłopów w świetle wybranych
dziewiętnastowiecznych dzienników z podróży
- Authors: Paweł Hamera
  Pages: 51 - 59
  Abstract: THE ROLE OF FAIRIES IN THE LIVES OF IRISH PEASANTS AND THEIR DEPICTION IN SELECTED NINETEENTH-CENTURY TRAVELOGUES Life in the nineteenth-century Irish countryside was not easy. Irish peasants lived in abject poverty and struggled to make ends meet. They consumed almost only potatoes and famines occurred regularly. Peasants often blamed their hardships on fairies, whose various races were supposed to inhabit Ireland. Tales about fairies were very popular among travelers who visited Ireland in the nineteenth century and subsequently published books about their travels there. They often highlighted the role of magic in daily activities of the Irish. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of fairies in the lives of Irish peasants and argue that by underlining the attachment of the Irish to magical creatures, travelers underscored the backwardness of Irish peasants and propagated negative stereotypes about the inhabitants of the Emerald Isle.
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.03
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
Franco’s Choice: The Reevaluation of Spain’s Neutrality and
Non-Belligerence During the Second World War
- Authors: András Lénárt
  Pages: 61 - 74
  Abstract: General Francisco Franco established his dictatorship in Spain in 1939 after winning the Civil War fought against the democratic Republican government. The same year, the Second World War broke out. The Caudillo wanted his country to remain neutral, but Spain soon moved forward to the status of non-belligerence: Franco backed Mussolini and Hitler on the level of propaganda, and he also sent voluntary troops to help the Germans, although he also maintained relations with the Allies. Later, the country returned to the status of neutrality. The aim of my article is to highlight the main features of the Spanish attitude and the government’s diplomatic maneuvers between the Axis powers and the Allies, paying special attention to Franco’s possibilities and doubts.
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.04
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
Nowe spojrzenie na uroczystości żałobne cesarza Rudolfa II
Habsburga
- Authors: Wojciech Mischke
  Pages: 75 - 81
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.05
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
Strzelcy moskiewscy w latach 1550-1723
- Authors: Rafał Zaremba
  Pages: 83 - 87
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.06
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)
Królestwo anarchii. W poszukiwaniu nowożytnych wyobrażeń o
Rzeczypospolitej i jej mieszkańcach
- Authors: Oskar Goliński
  Pages: 89 - 92
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.12797/SH.63.2020.01.07
  Issue No: Vol. 63, No. 1(249) (2022)

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