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ИСТРАЖИВАЊА : Journal of Historical Researches
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0350-2112 - ISSN (Online) 2406-1131
Published by Univerzitet u Novom Sadu

[2 journals]

COMPETITION, MEANING, AND MONUMENTALIZATION IN GALLIA COMATA
- Authors: AARON W. IRVIN
  Pages: 7 - 20
  Abstract: Perhaps the most striking, and archaeologically speaking the most evident, change that occurred in Gallia Comata from the 1st century BCE to the end of the 2nd century CE was the incorporation of massive, monumental, Roman-style architecture. Many of these monuments still stand to this day, providing an obvious, visual argument for the impact that Roman culture had on Gallic society. Overall, the incorporation of Roman architecture and monuments, paid for and dedicated by members of the local elite, seems to indicate a clear cultural shift in Gallic society and the adoption of Roman conceptions of urbanism and the role of the urban aristocracy in providing munera for the populace. This paper will examine the remains of monumental structures in the Gallic civitas-capitals, examining the initial stages of monumentalization. While early structures advertised the connection between the community as a whole with the Imperial power structure, the construction of amphitheaters in particular emerged rapidly throughout the Three Gauls and, as this paper will argue, was tied to the glorification and memorialization of the dedicator and his family. The edification of urban space thus became a new ground for the Gallic aristocracy to play out its internal rivalries, rather than a public expression of acceptance or obedience under Rome, and through the use of amphitheaters, urban edification allowed the Gallic aristocracy to retain their ties to the concept of competitive status and martial prowess.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.7-20
MICHAEL PSELLUS’ ANONYMOUS ENCOMIUM TO EMPEROR CONSTANTINE X DOUKAS
- Authors: JASMINA ŠARANAC STAMENKOVIĆ
  Pages: 21 - 35
  Abstract: This paper analyses an addresse-less encomium devoted to Emperor Constantine X Doukas and authored by Michael Psellus, one of the most learned individuals in Byzantine history. The purpose of this paper is to place the encomium, a valuable testament of Byzantine cultural heritage, within the context of the empire’s eleventh century political and social history, and to translate the document into modern English accompanied by scholarly commentary. Additionally, this paper will analyze the representation of the emperor in the speech through a comparative analysis of the encomium and Psellus’ historiographical work, the Chronographia
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.21-35
FAMILY PATRIMONY AND THE LEGACY OF THE FIRST-BORN SON. SOME EXAMPLES FROM
EUROPEAN MONARCHIES IN THE 11th–12th CENTURIES
- Authors: IVANA KOMATINA, PREDRAG KOMATINA
  Pages: 36 - 54
  Abstract: The paper examines the concept of family patrimony on the example of three medieval monarchies between the mid-11th and late 12th centuries. Though far away from one another, Spain, England and Serbia witnessed almost identical political circumstances when the ruler passed the throne to a younger son, bypassing the first-born son, thereby also directly infringing the right of primogeniture. As a rule, such decision resulted in years-long conflicts among the brothers. However, the common denominator in all three cases is that family patrimony was entrusted to the eldest son regardless of the fact that he was not an heir to the throne, which implies that it was his inalienable right.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.36-54
THE CULT OF THE THEOTOKOS AND THE FOUNDING OF THE MEDIEVAL NEMANJIĆ
STATE: READINGS BETWEEN IMAGE AND PERFORMANCE
- Authors: LARISA ORLOV VILIMONOVIĆ
  Pages: 55 - 82
  Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the performative aspects of the cult of the Theotokos in the early Nemanjić state. Through an integrative analysis of newly built churches dedicated to Theotokos, with an emphasis on Studenica, ritual texts, and liturgical typikon, I attempt to contextualize the political and ideological background of the newly formed spatial icons of the Theotokos, the reasons and intentions behind them, and function within the historical context surrounding the founding of the Nemanjić State.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.55-82
MEDIEVAL MERCHANTS ON THE ROUTE BETWEEN THE DALMATIAN (RAGUSAN) LITTORAL
AND THE CITIES ON THE SOUTHERN HUNGARIAN BORDER: IMPACT OF TRADE ON
MOVEMENT
- Authors: DEJANA VASIĆ, SNEŽANA BOŽANIĆ
  Pages: 83 - 99
  Abstract: The inhabitants of Dubrovnik played an important role in the development of long-distance trade not only in the Balkans, but in other places as well. The cities along the southern Hungarian border were also within the scope of Dubrovnik’s merchants, and thanks to their activities in this area, trade flourished between the Dubrovnik (Ragusan) littoral and the lower Sava and Danube regions. From the fourteenth century onwards, these merchants played a crucial role in the development of trade in these areas and most trade was conducted through them. They supplied the cities along the lower Sava and the Danube Rivers with a variety of goods, but most often dealt in cloth. This was particularly apparent during the Despotate, when Belgrade and Smederevo were developed cities full of wealthy nobles who dressed in fine fabrics imported from Dubrovnik. Dubrovnik’s merchants long dominated trade in these areas. However, the arrival of the Ottomans and the wars they waged in the lower Sava and Danube regions often caused considerable damage to their commercial endeavors.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.83-99
TSAR PRIAM’S CITY AND THE RUSSIAN ‘TSAR BOOK’: DESCRIPTIONS OF THE
ANCIENT TROY IN THE ‘ILLUSTRATED CHRONICLE COMPILATION OF IVAN THE
TERRIBLE’
- Authors: ARTEM MASLOV
  Pages: 100 - 115
  Abstract: Статья продолжает серию исследований по вопросам репрезентации городских пространств античности в литературной традиции Средневековья и посвящена анализу фрагментов «Лицевого летописного свода» (ЛЛС), в которых описывается строительство легендарной Трои по приказу царя Приама. Первое из этих описаний приведено в составе древнерусского перевода «Троянской истории» Гвидо делле Колонне (Гвидо де Колумна) и подробно освещает внешний и внутренний облик древнего города, особенности его заселения и занятия горожан. Такой «рациональный» подход, связанный с дидактическими компонентами латинской «Истории» Гвидо и отчасти сохраненный в древнерусской традиции, вступает в противоречие с картиной строительства Трои, которая содержится во втором произведении на троянскую тему в составе ЛЛС — «Повести о создании и попленении Тройском». Последняя является переработкой южнославянской «Притчи о кралех» и, в отличие от «Троянской истории», характеризуется акцентом на мифологически...
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.100-115
THE VAMPIRLIJA HILL IN THE VILLAGE OF MIJAJLOVAC (TRSTENIK): A POSSIBLE
LOCATION FOR THE BIRTHPLACE OF EUROPEAN ‘VAMPIROLOGY’
- Authors: ALEKSANDAR RISTIĆ
  Pages: 116 - 132
  Abstract: Vampires gained worldwide popularity due to the classic novel about the most famous one, Dracula, written by Bram Stoker in 1897. Bram Stoker’s Dracula has very little in common with his inspiration, the fifteenth-century Wallachian ruler Vlad III (1431‒1476), who was a real historical figure. However, some strange events involving the dead seem to have occurred in Southwest of Transylvania a few centuries after the Wallachian prince’s death. In some parts of the Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (1718‒1739), the local Austrian authorities recorded some cases of ‘vampirism’, which Europe would be introduced to shortly afterward, along with this newly accepted word. This paper will present historical facts about one particular case recorded at the southernmost border of the Habsburg Empire, which at the time was the West Morava River. It was the case of a ‘vampire’ named Arnold Paole, who died in 1726/7 in the border village of Medveđa and whose case ‘infected’ the whole Europe with the ‘virus’ of ‘vampiromania’. The main goal of the paper is to locate the spot where one of the first ‘vampire slayings’ ever recorded could have taken place, and to direct further investigations within early modern age archaeology.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.116-132
THE SERBIAN VOJVODINA AND MONTENEGRO: 1848–1849
- Authors: VLADAN GAVRILOVIĆ
  Pages: 133 - 143
  Abstract: The revolution of 1848–1849 had a significant effect on the Serbs in the Habsburg Monarchy, who established their own self-governing entity, the Serbian Vojvodina, within the monarchy. These events also attracted the attention of Serbs living outside the monarchy’s borders, especially those in Montenegro and, in particular, the Metropolitan of Cetinje, Petar II Petrović Njegoš. He wanted to assist his compatriots in the monarchy, and considered this action to be only the first step, albeit a very important one, in the ultimate fight for the liberation and unification of all Serbs within two independent countries: Serbia and Montenegro.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.133-143
ALEXANDER THE GREAT IN 19th CENTURY SERBIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS
- Authors: SVETOZAR BOŠKOV
  Pages: 144 - 161
  Abstract: Alexander the Great (356 B.C – 323 B.C) has gone down in history as one of the greatest conquerors of Antiquity. By the time he was 30, he had conquered most of the known world. The territory under his control lay from Greece in the west, southward through Egypt and eastward to India. His military successes made him an inspiration to many writers of his time and later. Since his life span corresponds to the era that today we call Hellenism, he is mentioned in all the educational systems of Europe. From their first appearance on this continent, school books have alluded to Alexander and his conquests. The first history textbooks in the Serbian language emerged in Serbia in the mid-19th century and they, too, included Alexander the Great. In this paper, we shall show how the history of Alexander was taught at the time and how his feats influenced generations of Serbian children educated at the first schools founded in the areas of the Habsburg Empire that they inhabited.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.144-161
GLIGORIJE JEFTANOVIĆ AND THE STRUGGLE FOR CHURCH AND SCHOOL AUTONOMY
- Authors: BOŠKO M. BRANKOVIĆ
  Pages: 162 - 174
  Abstract: The first part of this paper presents a brief history of the beginning and course of the Serbian people’s struggle in the provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina for Church and school autonomy and the role Gligorij Jeftanović played as one of the two most important figures leading the movement. The second part of the paper deals with correspondence between Gligorije Jeftanović and Lazar Pupić in 1901 during the time a Serbian envoy was being selected to travel from Sarajevo to Constantinople and attempt to win over the Ecumenical Patriarch to the Serbian cause by gaining support for the Third Imperial Memorandum. It also looks at correspondence after the election with the chosen envoy, Kosta Kujundžić, who tried but failed to win the Ecumenical Patriarch over to the Serbian side. The third part deals the adoption of the Statute on Church and School Autonomy and the decline in Gligorije Jeftanović’s popularity after the emergence of a young, university-educated Serbian intelligentsia, which had new ideas and demands concerning new goals for the continuation of the struggle.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.162-174
ORGANIZATIONAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF SLOVENIAN CATHOLICS AND
LIBERALS IN THE LATE XIX-EARLY XX CENTURY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
- Authors: KIRILINA LYUBOV' ALEKSEEVNA
  Pages: 175 - 190
  Abstract: The article deals with the features of party building and organizational and political activity of the two largest Slovenian political parties – catholic and liberal in the central Slovenian region Carniola – in the late XIX-early XX centuries. The comparison of their activities takes place in three aspects: professional field, work to attract the masses, the conclusion of political alliances. At the turn of the 80-90-ies of the XIX century, on the initiative of the Slovenian Catholics, a split occurred between them and the liberals, and both groups moved to formalize their parties. While Catholics relied on the support of the largest class of Slovenian society – the peasantry, the social base of liberals was initially much narrower – it included representatives of the Slovenian liberal bourgeoisie and the petty – bourgeois strata of the city, in the villages-wealthy peasants and teachers. The Catholics were the first to unite and immediately began organizing mass meetings throughout the country and creating district party organizations. Their party gradually formed into a widely branched mass organization with a clear and well-thought-out organizational structure. The liberals, unlike the Catholics, did not pay enough attention to the formation of a serious political and economic organization, and they did not have the organizational resources to create it. They abandoned the idea of creating a mass party base in the villages, relying on a network of secret proxies in the communities. The Slovenian liberals did not manage to create a cohesive and organized party. The catholic party remained monolithic. The liberal party split in the early twentieth century. Both Catholics and liberals founded competing non-political organizations in all spheres of public life. Each of the parties had its own teachers', students ' and academic societies, publishing houses and printing houses, press bodies and financial institutions. Thanks to the vigorous activity of the Christian socialists who were part of it, the catholic party began to implement a broad social program aimed at the poorest segments of the population. Catholics founded catholic societies for workers and artisans, peasant cooperatives. The liberals did not have such achievements, but they achieved success in the field of municipal politics and financial enterprises. The success of the Slovenian parties directly depended not only on their program political settings, but also on how clearly they were able to form their structure and organize their activities. And in this area, the position of the liberals was much weaker. After the introduction of universal and equal suffrage in 1907, Catholics became the undisputed political leaders in the Slovenian lands.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.175-190
THE NIŠ COOPERATIVE: 1921‒1947
- Authors: DEJAN D. ANTIĆ, IVAN M. BECIĆ
  Pages: 191 - 205
  Abstract: Numerous local monetary bureaus owned by shareholders were established in the Kingdom of Serbia in the late nineteenth century. Many of these institutions, such as the Niš Cooperative, not only engaged in banking services but also owned industrial and trade companies. Economic circumstances changed so significantly after World War I that bank managements often were unable to cope with them. The Niš Cooperative was an example of a stable yet not particularly powerful monetary bureau whose reputation depended on the leading members of its Board of Directors. Unlike most other monetary bureaus, the Niš Cooperative continued operating after World War II up until privately-owned monetary bureaus were closed by the socialist Yugoslav government.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.191-205
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND CHILE, 1947–1950: FROM
SEVERANCE TO RENEWAL
- Authors: BOJAN SIMIĆ
  Pages: 206 - 221
  Abstract: This paper analyzes the circumstances that led to a break in diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and Chile, which began in the fall of 1947 and lasted until they were reestablished in November 1950. The analysis is based on archival material, relevant literature, and contemporary journalism. The events are considered within a bilateral context and the broader international context of the Cold War. Particular attention is given to argumentation on both sides and to the background behind this conflict. The influence of this rupture in Yugoslav–Chilean relations is also analyzed. The second part of the paper will discuss how all of this was presented to the Yugoslav public.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.206-221
THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE: A BALKAN PERSPECTIVE
- Authors: DIANA MISHKOVA
  Pages: 222 - 232
  Abstract: The article describes the approach to and condenses some of the main arguments presented in the author’s book Beyond Balkansim: The Scholarly Politics of Region Making. It charts the main phases in the scholarly conceptualization of the Balkans and its characteristics and, against this background, tackles the question: What can we learn from the Balkan case about the actual production of regions'
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.222-232
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE IN THE MEDIEVAL DOCUMENT
DICTATUS PAPAE
- Authors: BORIS MILINKOVIĆ
  Pages: 233 - 244
  Abstract: The Dictatus Papae is a key primary source for research into the history of Church reforms in the eleventh century, the leading figure of which was Pope Gregory VII Hildebrand. The document consists of twenty-seven statements defining the prerogatives of papal authority in other ecclesiastical and spiritual areas as well as in relationship to secular rulers under the pope’s spiritual authority. This paper will examine some of these statements giving the pope religious and secular prerogatives regarding his authority over secular rulers. A detailed analysis of some of these statements and of historical literature related to the document will provide clear insight into how current historical scholarship views the document and will also showcase the document’s concepts from a completely new perspective. Thus additional space will be opened up for a detailed analysis of the influence of this document on the development of the relationship between Church and state from the time it was written until the present day.
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.233-244
Harald Heppner, Goran Vasin, Nenad Ninković (eds.), The Habsburg
State-wide and the Regions in the Southern Danube Basin (16th–20th
Centuries), Vienna: New Academic Press, 2021, 258 pp.
- Authors: Attila Pfeiffer
  Pages: 245 - 248
  Abstract:
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.245-248
Duško M. Kovačević, History of Foreign Policy in the Russian Empire
1801–1917. Belgrade: Zavod za udžbenike, 2019, 623 pp.
- Authors: Dragana Lazić Stojković
  Pages: 248 - 251
  Abstract:
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.248-251
Paschalis M Kitromilides, Religion and Politics in the Orthodox World: The
Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Challenges of Modernity, Routledge,
London–New York, 2019, 130 pp.
- Authors: Goran Vasin
  Pages: 251 - 254
  Abstract:
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.251-254
Paschalis M Kitromilides, Insular Destinies- Perspectives on the History
- Authors: Goran Vasin
  Pages: 254 - 257
  Abstract:
  PubDate: 2021-12-03
  DOI: 10.19090/i.2021.32.254-257