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Abstract: In 1850, John C. Calhoun, Vice President for both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, wrote “Disquisition on Government,” an essay that explored minority rights within the context of majority rule and was a basis for southern secession. In his discussion of the economic roots of political events, he divided citizens into “tax-payers” and “tax-consumers,” foreshadowing the connection that would be made between taxation and citizenship rights in twentieth-century education policy and law.1 Recent scholarship has explored that relationship and demonstrated that court cases reflect citizens’ perceptions of economic stakes and related education rights. In particular, white taxpayers often perceive that their higher ... Read More PubDate: 2022-04-17T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: “We’ll invest in early childhood education because for every dollar we put there, we get seven dollars back in reduced dropout rates, reduced delinquency, and reduced prison rates.”The above quote from then-candidate for President Barack Obama indicates what has become a commonsense notion in American politics: that schools are critical for preventing delinquency. This impulse to connect education and youth crime extends well beyond Obama, as politicians from both political parties and scholars from a number of different disciplines have all pointed to schools as both partially responsible for and the most effective solution to the problem of juvenile delinquency. Given the widespread agreement that schools are ... Read More PubDate: 2022-04-17T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: An extraordinary sight greeted those opening up their Sunday version of the San Francisco Call on August 2, 1896. “What are your thoughts on suicide'” the paper asked “thinkers,” which included prominent doctors, academics, scientists, businessmen, religious leaders and, perhaps stretching the term “thinkers,” noted psychics and the tax agent for Southern Pacific Railways. Moreover, this question concerned the morality of suicide. The opinions in the article express diverse views, encompassing socialism, Spiritualism, feminism, reincarnation, orthodox Christianity, and atheism. The majority thought that suicide was morally acceptable in at least some cases. Out of 24 contributions, only four condemned suicide as ... Read More PubDate: 2022-04-17T00:00:00-05:00
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: When August Albert, a 63-year-old, unmarried farmer from Michigan, arrived at Ellis Island on August 28, 1905, after visiting his childhood home in Germany, the physician told him he was too old to emigrate to the United States.1 Despite proving to the Board of Examiners that he spoke English, Albert was told that he would not be allowed to reenter the country. Shocked, Albert informed the immigration officials that he had lived in Michigan for 32 years and was a state citizen.2 He told them he had voted for multiple presidents, including President Theodore Roosevelt.3 To prove he was not likely to become a public charge, Albert produced $1,168.20 and asserted he could still work as a farmer.4 Albert explained ... Read More PubDate: 2022-04-17T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This article examines the historical role of business in both its support for and benefit from environmental protection. The claim that many firms have both supported and profited from government regulation is not novel. The extensive economics literature on rent seeking describes industries that advocated for and profited from various government regulations. Nor are political divisions among firms over public policies unusual: many public policies, most notably trade and antitrust policy as well as many economic regulations, politically divide business firms and associations. However, the extensive literature on business and environmental policy has primarily focused on conflicts between business interests on one ... Read More PubDate: 2022-04-17T00:00:00-05:00
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