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Abstract: The Cistercian convent of Port-Royal in seventeenth-century France provides historians and theologians an example of the types of challenges that can face reformers and reform movements in the Catholic Church. The reforms implemented early in the seventeenth century by Mother Angélique Arnauld (1591–1661) took inspiration from the directives of the Council of Trent and the Cistercian tradition and participated in movements toward more strict observance within the Cistercian order and, more generally, in efforts toward reform of religious life and practice in France.1 One challenge in these reforms—as in reform movements more generally—appeared in the need to manage divisions and the dissent of those who opposed ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: On Easter Sunday 1802, Mass was celebrated openly in the Cathedral of Notre Dame for the first time in full communion with Rome since the outbreak schism in the French Revolution.1 The main celebrant was the papal legate to France, Cardinal Caprara, while the homily was given by Jean de Dieu Raymond de Boisgelin, who before the revolution had been archbishop of Aix and a member of the Assembly of Notables and deputy to the Estates General.2 First Consul Bonaparte attended in all pomp, delighting the crowded streets with his enormous entourage, arrayed in livery for the first time; the Consul's carriage was preceded by Mamelukes, and at the consecration of the host, the attending troops presented arms. Two years ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: If one asks how "cultural symbols" fit into issues of imperialism, cultural relations, the spread of knowledge, and entangled intellectual relations between the Levant and Europe, one must see the Université Saint-Joseph (U.S.J.) as French cultural proselytism, expanding the influence of French culture and imperialism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. According to Jacques Binoche-Guedra, successive French governments believed that colonial conquests could lead to additional international power, not only economically, but also to maintain France's rank, its greatness, and the universalism of its language.1The role of France in its "Syrian" colony is no exception. "Syria" (Lebanon) was for France an ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: American Catholicism in the first half of the twentieth century was marked by the significant contributions of several individuals. Beginning with his Catholic University of America dissertation on "A Living Wage" (1906) and his "Bishops' Program of Social Reconstruction" (1919), Father John Ryan, through his many writings and leadership of the Social Action Department of the National Catholic Welfare Conference was a dominant personality of the era. On the clerical side he was joined by such notables as Paul Hanly Furfey, Charles Owen Rice, Peter Dietz, and George Higgins. While the historical record has generally highlighted the work of men, and even more specifically clerics and religious, the contributions of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: At the outset of his introduction to Catholicism, John McGreevy lays out two reasons for writing this book. First, to make an argument: "a better understanding of Catholicism enhances our grasp of the modern world. No institution is as multicultural or multilingual, few touch as many people" (ix). Second, to answer a personal question: "Most of my life has been spent studying in, teaching at, writing about, and administering Catholic institutions. Almost daily I get asked (and wonder): how did we get here'" (xi). Additionally, the choice to approach this study via global history is both personal and historiographical. Although McGreevy has "tried to understand Catholicism in one nation-state and through its ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This edited collection explores women's participation in the making of sacrednesss. The contributions, first presented at a conference held near Parma in 2019, are organized chronologically and encompass a wide temporal arc from the early medieval to the contemporary period. In her preface, Adelaide Ricci underscores the elusive nature of sacredness as both an epistemic and spiritual category—a dual lens through which the volume's contributions examine how women across different periods, regions, and social groups have negotiated and shaped their spiritual experiences or environments, often in the face of patriarchal structures that systematically excluded their participation. By focusing on broad themes or ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This is the first volume to appear under the auspices of the International Centre for Research on Inquisitions, based in Bologna. As its title indicates, it aims to present an overview of the field, summarizing current trends and pointing out future directions for research. In this, it succeeds very well. Beyond the strength of individual chapters, the volume as a whole expands the chronological scope of inquisition studies in important ways, linking medieval origins of inquisitorial processes and structures to the great early modern Inquisitions in Iberia and Italy, and extending the history of the Roman Inquisition, via the "inquisitorial culture" that has "continued to pervade the Holy See's institutions" (367) ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This book, which is a translation of Le Monde Syriaque: sur les routes d'un christianisme ignoré, published in 2017 by Société d'édition Les Belles Lettres, is testimony to the growing interest in Syriac-speaking Christianity in the West. Once the preserve of a handful of dedicated specialists, Christianity as it developed East of Byzantium is taking its place in the academic mainstream. The book under review is a welcome contribution to this development.Chapter 1 introduces readers to the cultural and linguistic origins of Syriac Christianity in the pre-Christian Aramaean East. The kingdom of Edessa, where Persian East and Roman West met and mingled, takes center stage. Chapter 2 traces the development of Syriac ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: It would scarcely be an overstatement to refer to the past couple of decades as the age of Evagrius. The latter, a fourth-century intellectual, ascetic, and clergyman, combines in himself the best of the Cappadocian and Alexandrian traditions. Mentored by Gregory of Nazianzus, Basil of Caesarea, and the elder Melania, he left an apparently thriving ministry to withdraw into the Egyptian desert. There he wrote extensively, both about ascetic practice and about true "gnosis"—knowledge of the divine—in the tradition of Origen and Clement of Alexandria. His legacy accordingly unfolded along two quite different pathways: that of the master ascetic, whose writings became a treasured part of the tradition; and of the ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: With this volume, the seventh in Routledge's series Engaging the Crusades: the Memory and Legacy of the Crusades, editor Rory MacLellan addresses what is arguably the most ubiquitous aspect of crusade-related memory and representation in the modern world, and the one with the most concrete legacy. What are here termed "the religious-military orders"—groups that combined the observance of religious rules with the execution of military duties—were, in the Middle Ages, an outgrowth of both the novel crusading piety of the medieval laity and the need for new institutions to defend the new military frontiers created by crusading at the edges of Latin Christian dominion. As religious orders with their own administrative ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: According to the (secular) common law of crime in late medieval and Tudor England, the consequence of conviction for felony was execution by hanging. Imprisonment was ordinarily limited to the purpose of remand before trial. One response to that severity, a focus of legal historians in recent years, was a premodern form of "jury nullification": jurors were demonstrably less inclined to convict for lesser felonies than greater. Two other avenues of mitigating the law's starkness stemmed from very long-standing canon law principles limiting royal law's jurisdiction over clergy (sharpened in England by Thomas Becket's martyrdom and Magna Carta c.1, pledging to preserve the freedom of the church). One was benefit of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In Strangers Within: The Rise and Fall of the News Christian Trading Elite, Francisco Bethencourt offers an expansive look at one of the most influential and enigmatic communities of the early modern world. The elites presented here attended universities where they excelled in law and medicine, went on to serve Iberian kings in a variety of posts, and engaged in international commerce at the highest levels. However, their rise to prominence took place against the head winds of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions and their supporters who sought to blunt New Christians' social and political mobility. This effort to marginalize New Christian elites, particularly in Portugal, resulted in increased communal ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Dominican Father Reginald Lynch is on the Faculty of the Dominican House of Studies in Washington, DC. This volume is a reworking of his doctoral dissertation at the University of Notre Dame. It forms a part of the series Changing Paradigms in Historical and Systematic Theology from Oxford University Press.The book is a thorough presentation of the theology of the Mass as a sacrifice by Thomas Aquinas and how that theology was received by a series of theologians in the early modern period. It presents a careful reading of each author and some judicious comments on the original text of Thomas and how the new context of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic response to it simultaneously conveys Thomas's ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In recent years, there has been considerable renewed interest in the life and reign of England's first crowned queen regnant, Mary I. Yet, there remain few monograph-length studies, in English, of the marital relationship of Mary I and Philip II, particularly with regard to its political significance and its gendered facets. Alexander Samson's Mary and Philip successfully addresses this oversight, building as it does on his previous work on Mary and Philip's relationship and on early modern Anglo-Spanish relations. He convincingly intervenes in the existing Marian literature to challenge the traditionally negative perceptions of this marriage, explicitly noting that, "[a]s long ago as 1940, it was pointed out that ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This unusually coherent and well-structured anthology makes numerous findings of research on Jesuit art in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from the second half of the sixteenth century to around 1730 accessible to an international readership. The art history represented here departs from an analysis focused on form and style that pays little attention to social and political contexts. The aim is not to assess the artistic quality of the execution or the "progressiveness" of the modes of representation. Rather, in line with Evonne Anita Levy's monograph Propaganda and the Jesuit Baroque, works of art are considered in terms of claims and intended effects as well as in connection with practices. For historians, this ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The revolt of the city of Urbino against its lord Guidobaldo II (1573) produced a rift in the history of the Duchy that had significant political and cultural consequences. His son Francesco Maria had already shown impatience with his father during his stay at the court of Philip II. Together with his mother, Vittoria Farnese, he disapproved of Guidobaldo's rigid and vindictive attitude on the occasion of the revolt. As soon as he came to power (1574), he wanted to embody a quite different model of sovereignty: that of the prudent and pious prince, respectful of divine and human laws.In the first part of the book (1–39), Montinaro summarizes recent historiography, which since the 1980s has fruitfully investigated ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This volume is a collection of research articles in French and Italian, originally presented as papers at an international colloquium, sponsored by the Università di Torino and the Université Savoie-Mont Blanc, to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the death of St. Francis de Sales (1567–1622). This was one of three major international scholarly symposia held to mark this fourth centenary. The other two were a colloquium on Francis's theology in November 2021, organized by the Université Catholique de Lyon, and whose proceedings were published by Éditions du Cerf in late 2022; and a congress in November 2022, at the Università Pontificia Salesiana in Rome, which focused on the pedagogical and spiritual dimensions ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The title under review is the second in Oxford's new five-volume series on British and Irish Catholicism from the Reformation to the present day. It covers the period from the Irish Rebellion of 1641 to the Jacobite insurrection of 1745—years of uncertainty and risk for the Catholics of Britain and Ireland, but also ones of change, adaptation, and opportunity. Although Catholics by now comprised less than 2% the population of England, Wales, and Scotland, their significance was much greater than their numbers might suggest, whereas Ireland, of course, remained an overwhelmingly Catholic country. The work is intended as a survey: the respective chapters offer broad overviews of different aspects of the Catholic ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The controversial research paradigm of "Catholic Enlightenment" is the main subject in this voluminous book, seen from different perspectives and analyzed in several fields of investigation: Education and Studies, Religion and Theology, Politics and State Theory, Literature and the Public Sphere, Music and Theatre, and Painting and Architecture. In previous research, the Enlightenment is predominantly associated with the Protestant religion and is therefore seen as a phenomenon exclusive to Protestant states in Central Europe. Rather, this volume aims to show the conditions under which Enlightenment thought was also widespread in Catholic states. The regions examined include Switzerland, Westphalia, and the ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Author of Inventing Eastern Europe, Larry Wolff has, in his Disunion within the Union, revised a 1984 article on Uniatism, adopting a new structure and incorporating additional research. In two thematic sections, "Church and State" and "Ritual Identity," Disunion attends to varying imperial policies, following the three partitions of Poland and affecting the Greek Catholic Church. Careful to attend to the particularities of each partition, Wolff summarizes the whole period as "the weaning of the Uniates from their fundamentally Polish political framework and, ultimately, the cutting of their connection to the Commonwealth" (13). Positioned at what Barbara Skinner has called "the western front of the Eastern ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This excellent collection of essays provides a much-needed overview of the Catholic experience in Great Britain and Ireland from 1830 to 1913. It is part of a five-volume series covering the history of Catholicism in these islands from the sixteenth-century reformations to the present. The series as a whole serves as a corrective to a long-standing historiographical pattern that marginalized the Catholic experience in the British Isles and seeks to create a more nuanced account of Catholicism, in England, Wales, and Scotland—where Catholics were a minority population excluded from the national narrative of Protestant ascendancy—and Ireland, where the Catholic majority population engaged in a centuries-long struggle ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The contributions are divided into three chapters: 1) History/protagonists, 2) Doctrine of the Council, and 3) Reception and impact. In the first section, Andrea Ciampani interprets the Council as the culmination and turning point of numerous historical processes, above all as the Church's statement on the "second modernity" (Paolo Prodi); the Council was a culmination point on the path to a spiritualized, uniform Church that emphasized unity and recognized the independence and otherness of the political sphere. Four important protagonists are then presented, each representing a different position at the Council. The Archbishop of Mechelen, Victor Dechamps, who was, according to Drys Danysacker, a supporter of a ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The complex relationship between religion and modernity constitutes one of the most exciting debates in the social sciences. Having banished many prejudices inherited from the era of the culture wars, historical Catholicism appears in a much more plural and complex way in its relations with the emergence of the liberal world. In fact, this constitutes one of the great virtues of the work reviewed here, since it deepens our knowledge of the controversy between integralism and modernism within the Catholic Church and does so from a comparative perspective by showing how the Roman Curia adopted a different stance toward modernism depending on the country: Germany, Italy, or France. To do so, they focus essentially on ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This opus is the last in a series exploring chronologically the history of Catholicism from the post-Reformation era up until today whose ambition is to bring "fresh and critical thinking to the Catholic experience since 1530" (xix). With Alana Harris as editor, volume 5 explores the growing role of the Catholic laity—its "apostolate"—from the beginning of World War I up to 2021. Harris argues that the general focus is on Catholic experience and lives, far away from institutional and ecclesiastical narratives—hence the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) does not form the subject of a separate contribution. After three opening chapters on the Catholic experience in England (and Wales), Scotland, and Ireland, there are ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Thomas Brodie's study aims to demonstrate how Catholicism shaped Germans' understandings of the war, in both their responses to the regime's genocidal policies as well as their attempts to find meaning within their personal and communal losses. In doing so, he continues the revisionist trend begun in the 1990s that underscores compliance and consensus between the German Catholic Church and the Nazi movement. His contribution stresses the heterogeneity of the Catholic milieu in the Rhineland and Westphalia, "heartlands of German Catholicism" (11), between 1939 and the end of 1945.Based on a rich variety of sources, Brodie synthesizes his findings in six dense chapters alongside a pre-war prologue and brief ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In Henri de Lubac et Michel de Certeau, Carlos Álvarez, Chilean Jesuit and academic, traces the intellectual itineraries and spiritual relationship of his famous confrères Henri de Lubac and Michel de Certeau from the 1950s to the 1980s. The book takes us from their common struggle against neo-Thomism before the Second Vatican Council through the excitement and turmoil of the 1960s to the many challenges that arose in the council's wake—challenges to which they responded in ways so different that they wound up with fundamentally opposed views of what theology and the Church should be. Indeed, one could say that in the end, Certeau abandoned both, and this paradoxically while attempting to remain faithful.Álvarez ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The fourteen papers of this collection were exchanged during a seminar on Vatican II held in March 2022 at the Catholic University of Leuven as the first part of an ongoing project on "the vision of Vatican II" involving a core group of theologians of Leuven, the Australian Catholic University, and the School of Catholic Theology of the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands. Beyond this volume on the Council's 1959–62 preparatory phase, three further seminars will treat the Council's unfolding in work toward formulating the Vatican II documents, extending treatment of the four topics structuring the present volume, that is, God's revelation, the Church, ecumenism, and religious education. This review will report ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Every scholar of the Yucatec Maya knows of the Relación de las cosas de Yucatán, or the Account. And most scholars have cited Diego de Landa as the eyewitness author. They were mistaken. Aside from providing an excellent translation of the Account itself, more transparent and faithful to the original manuscript than any existing today, Restall, Solari, Chuchiak, and Ardren argue that the Account is, in fact, the result of "multiple authors, copyists, sources, narrative voices, and intentions" (19) and that Landa never saw the Account nor is his hand located among its pages. Instead, between the years of 1549 and 1579, Landa produced a recopilación containing a variety of commentaries on the Maya, the Yucatan, and ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This book, originally written in Spanish—with the title Aproximación a las Misiones Guaraníticas (Buenos Aires, 1996)—by one of the most renowned Argentine experts on the Jesuit missions in Paraguay, Ernesto J. A. Maeder, is claimed to be a historical introduction to a topic whose interest goes far beyond that of historians. This edition is the German translation of the work, translated and edited by Eckart Kühne and other collaborators.The book comprises 151 pages, eighty-two of which are the translation of the original Spanish text. In the extensive introduction, the editor describes the need to translate the Aproximación into German and thus fill a gaping hole with a work that satisfies academic requirements. ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This "book-length essay" was written by one of the "eminent young Italian scholars" under forty, who won a Young Antonio Feltrinelli Prize of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (ii). Described by the author as a "little book" (1), A History of Jesuit Missions in Japan examines some significant topics in the scholarship on Japan's Christian century.Alonge traces the Jesuits' shifting views on conversion, accommodation, and sanctity as he follows the "gaze" (1) of the European missionaries of the Counter-Reformation and post-Tridentine Catholic Church in the "Land of the Rising Sun." He utilizes numerous early-modern Jesuit publications targeted for European readership. He effectively presents various images of the cross ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This superb documentary surveying the life and thought of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, the Jesuit priest and paleontologist, has arrived in time for the seventieth anniversary commemoration of his death on Easter Sunday, 1955. Thirteen years in the making, the film features numerous interviews in various languages along with sparkling footage shot in locations including France (Auvergne, Teilhard's childhood region; Paris; Verdun, site of the Great War's longest and bloodiest battle); the United Kingdom (Hastings, the Jesuits' "Ore Place" theologate during political exile from France); China (Zhoukoudian, site of the Peking Man discovery; Salawusu, site of the composition of the "Mass on the World"; Nihewan, site of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: On July 1, 2024, Pope Francis meeting with cardinals decided to proclaim Carlo Acutis (1991–2006) a saint in a ceremony scheduled for 2025. Before his death from leukemia, Acutis used the internet to spread devotion to Christ in the Eucharist. The Castletown Media Company has produced a film on Carlo's life and legacy: Roadmap to Reality: Carlo Acutis and Our Digital Age.On June 6, 2024, the Diplomatische Akademie Wien sponsored a conference titled "Ercole Consalvi: Kirche, Restauration und Diplomatie" to commemorate the 200th death of the Cardinal Secretary of State Ercole Consalvi. Among the speakers and their presentations were Andreas Gottsmann, "Ercole Consalvi und Clemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich," ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: (photo courtesy of Mariah Rey Markvig)Gustav Henningsen is both the first important Scandinavian among various foreign scholars of the Spanish Inquisition, and one of the few who have grasped its general skepticism about the physical reality of witchcraft, a legally "mixed" crime that involved both worshiping the Devil and inflicting harm on Christian neighbors.During the Franco era, this "dangerous Dane" made two major discoveries in the central archives of Spain's Holy Office at Madrid's AHN. Probably the most important was to begin exploiting (with a young spanish assistant, Jaime Contreras) its annual relaciones de causas, summarizing all cases concluded (despachadas) by each local tribunal during the previous ... Read More PubDate: 2024-08-26T00:00:00-05:00