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Authors:James Cohen Pages: 3 - 10 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Volume 43, Issue 1, Page 3-10, June 2022.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-04-25T12:02:59Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221078357 Issue No:Vol. 43, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Giovanni Favero, Michael-W. Serruys, Miki Sugiura Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. Transport history has developed in close association with urban network theory. However, this association has often remained implicit and not conceptualised. This article starts from an overview of the historiography on urban networks to question the limitations of historical urban network theory by highlighting the connection between an incomplete mapping of hinterlands and the prevalence of a neo-Christallerian model in the interpretation of their network shape. The concept of the “urban logistic network” is proposed as an alternative historical approach that focuses on the interaction between urban systems on the one hand, and transport and mobility on the other hand. In particular, it enables to clarify the conflated concepts of gateways and hinterlands and constructs a taxonomy that allows the examination of network patterns on a variety of geographical scales. It also identifies the variety of network shapes that are created in urban systems by different logistic connections. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-05-20T08:22:07Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221101174
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Authors:Aparajita Mukhopadhyay Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-04-13T12:00:32Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221077159
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Authors:Thomas Spain, David A. Turner Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. Recently Hayden and Zunino Singh wrote in the Journal of Transport History of the greater need to study food movement. Whilst accepting their general premise, we argue that they downplay the fact that the evolution of logistics and supply chains has received sparse attention in the historical literature. Using case studies of the domestic British milk trade (1919–c.1945) and international quail trade (c.1850–1914), we demonstrate how a concept originating in the study of modern supply chains – supply chain governance – can be illuminating. As a conceptual framework, this can facilitate the identification of key agents, institutions and goods movements within supply chains, and the nature of the relationships between them, whilst illuminating how change and development is shaped by regulation, economic cycles, consumer demand, and, of course, transport. The concept's application therefore presents a robust way to better understand the movement of goods in history. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-04-11T02:33:31Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221083259
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Authors:Hugo Silveira Pereira Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. Photography has been recording different aspects of human activity since the early nineteenth century. Additional innovations since then have rendered it less expensive, less cumbersome and more accessible to users. Today, the universe of photographs is immense. In this paper, I offer a theoretical approach to the use of photography in mobility and transport history. I argue that photography is much more than a mere illustrative resource and that it can be used as a primary source that provides visual materiality to aspects of transportation in the past (subjects, objects and landscapes), which can complement information found in written sources. Moreover, I speculate that photography may have a double role: as a vehicle that transports observers to faraway locations and ideas and landscapes back to observers; and as a tool for territorial appropriation of peripheral territories by core regions. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-04-07T12:14:16Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221091050
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Authors:Thomas C. Cornillie Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-04-06T06:11:14Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221091022
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Authors:Malcolm Abbott Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. In this article, a comparison is provided of the alternative Australian and Canadian government procurement policies for military aircraft in the post-Second World War period. Procurement was used by both governments to maintain manufacturing capacity that was established in the Second World War. By undertaking this analysis, the differing characteristics of the two policies are highlighted. In both cases procurement policies promoted the maintenance of aircraft manufacturing industries, however, the resulting industries were quite different in nature, a result partly of the differing natures of the policies, and different to some degree to the results of the policy in other Western countries. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-23T07:37:23Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221086791
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Authors:Ivan Jakubec Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-17T06:06:19Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221087943
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Authors:Martin Eriksson Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. This article deals with the Nordic Council as a cooperation organ for building transnational roads outside of the E-road network during the period 1956–1966. The Nordic experience of planning and interconnecting transnational roads is related to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the development of the E-road network. It is noted that whereas the E-road network built on an ambition within the ECE to create mutual understanding and fraternity between the European nations, the Nordic Council viewed roads as instruments to deal with shared economic and social problems. Another difference is that while the member states of the ECE interacted with societal groups and expert organisations during the interconnection of the E-road network, such actors did not participate directly with the Nordic Council. The inter-Nordic stream of technical expertise was primarily channelled through the national road administrations which cooperated to interconnect the trans-Nordic network. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-15T09:00:31Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221084143
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Authors:Dhan Zunino Singh Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-15T08:58:10Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221080510
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Authors:Antonio Santamaría García Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. Latin-American railways have not general-comparative historical studies, although more recent publications generated valuable contributions to knowledge. The content and approach of the latest research resonate better into the international historiographical debates, incorporating perspectives that go beyond the national bias of previous works, avowing the previous stress on the region backwardness and economic inequalities. They also incorporate research about social, labor, and cultural-heritage topics, and about the necessity of resizing of the state role, and estimates on its direct contribution to growth. This article reviews such last new studies—except regarding cultural-heritage, because due to its scope the issue would precede a particular analysis—stating how these investigations can growth further. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-15T08:57:11Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221079187
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Authors:Ueli Haefeli Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-02-07T05:39:03Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221077212
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Authors:James Fowler Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. This paper responds to calls for new theoretical frameworks within which to examine transport history and bring it into contact with other disciplines with a view to overcoming some of its alleged previous preoccupations with Anglocentric economic data. It offers three interconnected ideas from other fields, historical institutionalism, hybridity and institutional logics and it proposes that these tools can assist historians in making sense of the qualitative material from archival records. The paper also suggests that by explicitly framing the history of public transport as a political process, historians can engage with a wider social ecology of interest groups than those represented by economic interests. Whilst recognising the assumptions inherent in an institutional approach and the limitations of the scope of the author's own research, the paper argues that these frameworks can nevertheless be used widely and effectively. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-02-04T01:30:48Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211070944
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Authors:Kaori Takada Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-27T02:01:24Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221074763
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Authors:Peter Cox Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-27T02:00:35Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211068993
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Authors:Colin Pooley Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-24T04:22:54Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221074759
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Authors:Peter Norton Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-21T02:32:00Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221074638
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Authors:Govind Gopakumar Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. The mobility turn offers a rich terrain for research to investigate the exercise of politics and power in movement through attention to associated meanings and practices. Despite this, the ontologies that can anchor this research within a historical imagination remains largely uncharted. Happily for us, coming from the opposite direction history, and especially the field of transport history, has grappled with mobilizing history in the face of the mobility turn. Several scholars have offered “usable past” as a mode of mobilizing mobility cultures of the past to inform policy actors about future choices. But is the ontology of a usable past appropriate for countries enmeshed within pre/post/colonial histories of displacement in their society and culture' Employing a case of automobilization in the city of Bengaluru in India, this paper sketches an exposition of the “displaced past” in sedimented residues that continues to live and contest the enterprise of automobility. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-13T01:05:13Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211070213
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Authors:Colin Pooley Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. All travel generates a range of feelings, responses and emotions that can be stimulated by many factors but recovering such responses to everyday travel in the past is difficult. Few conventional sources provide information on the travellers’ experiences of movement and, not surprisingly, most transport histories focus mainly on matters of infrastructure, usage, and technological change. In contrast, contemporary mobilities studies that can talk directly to those who travel do explore the lived experiences of mobility in some detail. This paper shows how, by using a range of life writing drawn from the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain, it is possible to begin to recover at least some of the feelings and responses that past travellers experienced. I argue that such an approach provides an important additional perspective to research in transport history. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-06T12:17:01Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211063771
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Authors:Albert J. Churella First page: 11 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. During the 1960s, the United States Department of Commerce (and later the Department of Transportation) cooperated with the Pennsylvania Railroad (later, Penn Central) to develop the Metroliner, an American version of the Japanese Shinkansen. Federal officials possessed overtly political motives, including an effort to build political support for the Democratic Party in the heavily urbanized Northeast. Railroad executives sought federal subsidies for conventional rail passenger service, while building political support for the largest merger in American history. The conflicting agendas precluded the development of high-speed surface transportation in the United States. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-04T12:58:26Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221076380
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Authors:David Reinecke First page: 33 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. In September 1962, President John F. Kennedy challenged Americans to send and return astronauts to the Moon by the close of the decade. So-called “moon shots” like the Apollo Program of the 1960s became emblematic of a new paradigm in federally-funded research and development: large in scale, ambitious in scope, technologically challenging, and most importantly public facing. The success of the moon landings, in turn, inspired federal policymakers to seek similarly ambitious moon shots in other domains including communications, energy, housing, and transportation. The moonshot paradigm, however, proved to be a poor fit when applied in civilian settings. Drawing upon original archival research, this paper details government-led efforts to implement high-speed passenger rail along the Northeast Corridor. The moonshot paradigm saddled this program in no-win scenarios, encouraging implementing agencies to overstate program benefits, underestimate their costs, and ignore technological complexity and risk. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-02-21T05:10:21Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221074951
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Authors:Jonathan Michael Feldman First page: 54 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. This study examines the Metroliner passenger rail trains manufactured by the Budd Company in the 1960s and 1970s. I show that while transportation companies and the government facilitated the development of a high(er) speed rail line and trains, this procurement process was not sufficient for sustaining Budd as a national rail producer. This case study is based on government documents, interviews, news reports, published studies and archival work. The limits to the Metroliner program as industrial policy were based on: (a) company innovative lags; (b) weakness in Budd's industrial profile and endogenous capacities; (c) failures in systems integration and (d) the contradictions of an indirect industrial policy, where companies gain capacities from the state indirectly or insufficiently. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-25T05:27:00Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221080407
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Authors:James K Cohen First page: 82 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. After a long policy development process under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, the High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 was enacted. Section One of the Act called for developing futuristic ground transport systems with, for example, high-speed vehicles floating on cushions of air over specialised guideways and inside vacuum tubes. These unconventional technologies were conceived and promoted by aerospace companies and military agencies that exercised increasing influence within the federal government after World War II. During the implementation of the 1965 Act, contractors such as Grumman Aerospace made tangible progress towards a prototype air-cushion system. However, just when it was ready for testing, President Nixon changed course and terminated the Section One programme in 1972. An important lesson derived from this generally unknown chapter in American transport history is that the promotion of futuristic technologies by powerful corporations creates seductive, but often perilous choices for governments. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-03-18T08:09:53Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221080412
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Authors:Jonathan English First page: 107 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. The Northeast Corridor Improvement Project aimed to upgrade the most important passenger route in the country so that it could support high-speed trains. By the early 1970s, North America's rail network had been in decline for decades. However, the energy crisis and strong congressional support prompted a policy of reinvestment. Execution of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project was plagued with problems owing to both lack of experience delivering major rail projects and a counter-productive, complex administrative structure resulting from conflicts between Congress and the White House. The project's original scope, which was necessary to achieve high-speed operations, was reduced over time as budgetary limits were exceeded. Compared to the coeval Paris–Lyon high-speed rail project, Northeast Corridor Improvement Project history demonstrates the importance of continuous infrastructure investment to maintain the expertise necessary to effectively deliver major capital projects. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-04-07T12:13:36Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266221083450
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Authors:Anna P.H. Geurts First page: 163 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2022-01-06T01:33:04Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211062820
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Authors:Justin Shapiro Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. This article examines the history of road planning in the decades following the Second World War on the Navajo Nation. Federal highway planners and Navajo residents had conflicting ideas about the role of roads in the Nation's postwar development. The planners’ support for highways near uranium mines undermined efforts towards Navajo self-development and modernization. Federally planned and subsidized highways granted extractive industries control over large portions of the Nation. Those highways locked in a regime of environmental exploitation that caused severe and debilitating public health consequences for Navajo communities. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-12-15T10:08:39Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211066801
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Authors:Simon Abernethy Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-12-13T06:35:05Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211067706
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Authors:Andrew Thomas Park Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. In 1919 the Paris Peace Conference met to remake the world following the First World War. Among the most serious problems faced was the collapse of the multinational empires which once dominated central and eastern Europe, and the emergence of new successor states with unrecognised and overlapping borders. This fragmentation produced chaotic economic conditions as borders were frequently closed without warning, and the passage of goods and people consequently halted, delayed, or diverted. The peacemakers in Paris dispatched allied commissions in an attempt to resolve these problems. Using the files of several bodies sent to former Habsburg Silesia, this article elaborates on what this disintegrative moment meant for the region and its people. The turbulent events were not easily forgotten, and fostered visions of revenge, as well as European unity. One hundred years on and they still remain as an important historical reference point. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-10-19T04:31:34Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211047314
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Authors:Zef Segal Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. Despite the dramatic effect of the railway age on the natural surroundings, it was not seen necessarily as destructive to nature. Railways were both the epitome of progress as well as integral features in pastoral landscapes. This seemingly paradoxical perception of railways is partially explained by historicising the “naturalisation” of the German train system. This article describes the rapid transformation of the German train from a symbol of dynamic industrialisation to an integral part of the landscape. Visual images, such as lithographs and postcards, were the catalysts in this process. Railway companies, local elites and travel guide publishers promoted the process of “naturalisation” for economic reasons, but the iconography was a result of visual discourse in nineteenth-century German culture. This paper shows that unlike American, British and French depictions of railways, German artists portrayed a railway system, which rather than conquering nature, was blending peacefully into an existing natural landscape. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-07-21T03:44:30Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211031177
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Authors:Lynne Pearce Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-02-12T06:19:21Z DOI: 10.1177/0022526621992613
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Authors:Melanie Bassett First page: 131 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print. From their creation in the mid-nineteenth century in Britain railway excursions provided working people with the means to expand their horizons and create new opportunities for identity- and money-making. This article explores the role of the social entrepreneur and their affect on social mobility. It also re-evaluates working-class leisure in the south of England and challenges the notion that the working-classes were not proactive in establishing their own unique commercial leisure cultures. Using a case study of two dockyard excursion enterprises, which were operated as sideline ventures by skilled artisans of the Royal Dockyard in Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK, the article will demonstrate how local working-class access to travel and cultural experiences were broadened and transformed through their initiatives and analyse the role and influence of these men on their co-workers and in wider society. Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-12-15T10:08:20Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211043419
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Authors:Peter Lyth First page: 152 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-06-11T05:37:56Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211022007
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Authors:Waqar H. Zaidi First page: 154 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-09-22T06:20:31Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211045767
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Authors:Rosa E. Ficek First page: 156 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-07-06T06:08:09Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211025255
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Authors:Peter Merriman First page: 157 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-08-31T01:39:54Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211042230
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Authors:Phillip Reid First page: 159 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-10-25T03:23:22Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211057210
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Authors:Oliver Betts First page: 161 Abstract: The Journal of Transport History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The Journal of Transport History PubDate: 2021-10-08T03:15:59Z DOI: 10.1177/00225266211050150
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