Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1752-1378 - ISSN (Online) 1752-1386 Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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Pages: 65 - 79 Abstract: Denmark is a Nordic welfare state with local government autonomy in public service provision related to workfare policies. We use a policy experiment that re-opened on-site public employment services after the first COVID-19 lockdown in a spatially staggered manner to provide evidence on the effect of public employment services on job placement during a crisis. Early re-opening of on-site public employment services is associated with a better local labour market performance. It particularly benefits low-skilled unemployed and rural areas with specific sector mixes and demographic structures, why workfare-oriented welfare state arrangements remain important to counter social and regional imbalances. PubDate: Thu, 02 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsad002 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 105 - 117 Abstract: While a large literature studies the various tools of autocratic survival, targeting opposition actors with austerity measures in electoral autocracies is hitherto understudied. This paper argues that the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a rare opportunity for Hungary’s Fidesz party to disarm opposition parties via cutting off resources of municipalities led by opposition mayors and eliminating any remnants of local governments’ fiscal autonomy. Analysing original data from government decrees on local transfers, this study contributes to the existing literature by conceptualising fiscal strangulation as part of electoral authoritarian regimes’ toolbox to discredit opposition parties and their ability to govern locally. PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac044 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 167 - 184 Abstract: Is fiscal federalism associated with economic policy responses and stimulus measures adopted by national and sub-national governments to mitigate the adverse economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic' In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that it indeed is. Our results indicate that even after controlling for various relevant factors, countries with fiscally federal (decentralised) governments have adopted larger fiscal and macro-financial policy packages (as a percent of GDP). However, there are no significant differences in monetary-policy responses between centralised and decentralised governments. We also show that these results are robust to using different federalism measures, including different sets of control variables and different econometric specifications that include an instrumental variable estimation. PubDate: Wed, 04 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac047 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 211 - 223 Abstract: COVID Keynesianism evaluates the USA and UK’s economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic and compares it to the previous iterations of the Anglo-American policy response template. The analysis details the morbid character of neoliberal state intervention by tracing the distributional routes of monetary and fiscal measures into global corporations and across the domestic economy. The comparative findings show the degree to which emergency economic relief measures, despite their size and early success, have amplified the fault lines of inequality. The argument is that monetary flows generated windfall wealth gains for the already wealthy, while fiscal flows provided temporary gains and provisions for those on low-incomes and in deprived regions. Neoliberal efforts to protect wealth-holdings are discussed with reference to the structural conditions that generate permanent crises. PubDate: Wed, 08 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsad003 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 19 - 29 Abstract: Economic policymaking shifted away from neoliberal ideals towards ‘crisis’ Keynesianism during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use a comparative process tracing approach to examine how political and economic actors in Britain, Germany and the USA attempt to legitimise a potential return to neoliberalism to voters. We show that pro-neoliberal actors discursively construct a ‘crisis’ of COVID-Keynesianism by associating it with rising inflation and ‘unsustainable’ levels of government spending. Whilst emphasising key neoliberal policies of maintaining low inflation and fiscal conservativism to establish a return to ‘normal’ neoliberal policymaking. Therefore, we explain how the neoliberal policy paradigm reasserts itself when challenged. PubDate: Tue, 02 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac030 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 31 - 48 Abstract: This article provides a novel account of recent UK governance reforms, describing what can be termed an ‘incoherent’ state, ill-equipped to address complex, multi-dimensional policy challenges. This is evidenced through two interrelated case-studies: Covid-19 and levelling up. We highlight how the tradition of strongly centralised government combined with an ad hoc approach to reform has undermined inter-governmental relations and limited the possibility of effective policy. We conclude by arguing that current levelling up proposals, focused on redesigning sub-national government, reflect these deficiencies and therefore offer an insufficient remedy for the UK’s imbalanced economic geography and resulting inequalities. The failure of past reform highlights the need for systemic transformation—including a new governance framework—to address meaningfully the UK’s geography of discontent. PubDate: Wed, 21 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac038 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 49 - 64 Abstract: This paper explores the local impact of various forms of fiscal and monetary support for UK-based companies in the context of disruption caused by COVID-19 and associated public health restrictions, including support for household incomes (and therefore private consumption) via the ‘furlough’ scheme, the Covid Corporate Financing Facility and various national and local business support schemes. It shows that the economic crisis associated with the pandemic has been construed to justify interventions that preserve the spatially uneven status quo of the UK’s model of economic development, protecting business from harms arising, apparently, from the public’s reaction to the pandemic. To some extent, COVID-19 has been treated as a localised phenomenon that the national economy requires protection from. PubDate: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac024 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 81 - 91 Abstract: This article assesses regulatory reform of the state in the context of the move to furloughing in the UK. It establishes that furloughing was a successful response to the COVID-19 crisis, partly because it challenged the traditional UK crisis response of non-state intervention in the labour market. Furloughing prevented higher unemployment and enabled a swifter recovery. The article also identifies the limits of furloughing (not least its temporary nature) but argues that key lessons from furloughing (including the direct support for job retention) should be used to devise new state policies aimed at promoting a more sustainable and equal economy. PubDate: Sat, 30 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac026 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 93 - 104 Abstract: Disasters can be good for incumbent governments. Amidst an emergency, budgets can be revised and reallocated in a hurry, framing the government as a ‘saviour,’ issuing contracts to the government’s business clientele and/or prioritising the electoral base more than the victims. Thus elected officials can curry favour with voters and increase their chances of retaining their seats. We examine this claim in the context of Albania, a middle-income country with weak public institutions. We show that the relief for two calamities, a destructive earthquake in 2019 and the Covid-19 pandemic, was used by the government to mobilise votes, thereby increasing the likelihood of electoral success in 2021. Both earthquake relief funding and Covid-19 vaccination rates spiked right before the elections only to drop soon afterwards. This phenomenon, known as the Electoral Politics of Disaster (EPD), poses a risk for the national economy, public health, spatial planning and democracy. PubDate: Fri, 09 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac042 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 119 - 133 Abstract: Through a case study of Kunshan, China, this paper shows how a local state utilised place-based leadership to enhance regional economic resilience under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It unpacks how Kunshan effectively mitigated early economic disturbances induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, by two ways of leadership actions, namely, enacting jurisdictional power (that is formal leadership), and mobilising wide official and interpersonal networks (that is network leadership). Four specific local-state-led adaptive resilience processes or strategies are identified: stabilising labour supply, mitigating supply-chain disruptions, alleviating financial strains and reconfiguring market orientations. Through these proactive endeavours, the local state played an enabling role in aligning diverse stakeholders and resources across places, scales and sectors, thereby allaying economic shocks and enhancing regional economic resilience. This study contributes to the resilience literature by developing an agency-centric perspective to understanding regional economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac045 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 135 - 150 Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge for the health systems of many countries. In the USA, COVID-19 accentuated political polarity. On the one hand, the defenders of more severe public health measures and, on the other, the advocates of individual rights and freedom above any other consideration. In this study, we analyse whether political partisanship and the political ideology of the different states of the USA have influenced the way COVID-19 was handled in the outbreak. Specifically, we analyse whether the ideology of each state affected the decrease in NO2 levels (used as a proxy for local economic activity and traffic) observed after the pandemic outbreak. PubDate: Sun, 25 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac037 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 151 - 166 Abstract: We investigate whether weak executive federalism was beneficial or damaging for COVID-19 management in the USA. We formulate a policy response model for subnational governments, considering the national government’s preferred policy, in addition to other factors, with incomplete and with complete information. The hypotheses derived are tested using econometric techniques. Our results suggest that ideological and political biases were more influential in a situation of incomplete information than in one of complete information. As such, weak executive federalism allowed more agile policy responses in Democrat-led states when information was incomplete, thus reducing the rates of incidence and mortality. When information was complete, ideological and political biases were found to be of no relevance at all. PubDate: Sat, 17 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac033 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 185 - 196 Abstract: This comparative study, conducted at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, explores how the contrasting governance systems in Australia and England responded to complex and rapidly evolving problems presented by the crisis. Comparing how national and local governments worked together and alongside other forms of subnational governance, the findings highlight the efficacy of multi-scalar governance arrangement in Australia over the fragmented, overly-centralised and inconsistent arrangements in England. As nations plan their recovery paths from the economic and social challenges of the crisis, the findings encourage a reset of spatial policy towards one that values and resources greater decentralisation and place-based recovery. PubDate: Thu, 15 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac035 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 197 - 209 Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic represented a short-term shift in US social policy. Under the CARES Act and the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), the federal government prioritised households by raising the floor for child support and unemployment benefits, and restoring fiscal federalism by providing increased funds to state and local governments. Our 2021 nationwide survey finds local governments with more citizen participation and Black Lives Matter protests plan to prioritise social equity investments, while those with more Trump voters plan to prioritise physical infrastructure with their ARPA funds. COVID-19 led to new policy approaches that expand government investment. While the federal changes for households (expanded unemployment insurance and child tax credits) ended in 2021, the increased aid to state and local governments continues. These have the potential to help reshape citizen expectations and repair federal–state–local relations. PubDate: Fri, 05 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac032 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 225 - 238 Abstract: This paper analyzes the Bank of Canada’s (BoC) pandemic-era quantitative easing (QE) programs and their distributive implications, focusing on the Canadian housing market. First, we analyse the priorities and effects of QE: increasing liquidity and encouraging lending and borrowing. Next, we identify the sectors of the economy most influenced by QE, highlighting that investment in real estate soared in comparison to other sectors. Finally, we present a case study of real estate transactions in Toronto, finding that the increased investment in residential and multi-family housing worked to the detriment of marginalised populations. In spatializing macrofinance and identifying monetary policy’s role in geographies of housing, we call for increased attention to central banks and the distributional effects of monetary policy. PubDate: Fri, 16 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsac040 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 1 (2022)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
[425 journals]
