Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Ellingson; Laura D.; Lansing, Jeni E.; Perez, Maria L.; DeShaw, Kathryn J.; Meyer, Jacob D.; Welk, Gregory J. Abstract:Introduction Behavioral treatments, like increasing physical activity (PA), are recommended for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Finding methods for promoting behavior change with potential for translatability as well as effective behavioral targets remains challenging.Purpose This randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of low-dose facilitated health coaching with activity monitors to improve PA and sedentary behaviors (SB), symptoms, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in CLBP. A secondary purpose was identifying behaviors associated with symptom change to inform future trials.Methods Seventy-one adults with CLBP were randomized to receive a wearable activity monitor alone (WAM) or with one primary session of health coaching and two check-ins based on motivational interviewing (WAM + HC) or a wait-list control (WLC) condition for 12 wk. Moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), total and prolonged SB (i.e., sedentary>60 min per bout), and pain (Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)) were assessed before and after intervention along with PGIC. Regression analyses examined group differences in MVPA, LPA, total and prolonged SB, MPQ, and PGIC after intervention as well as behavioral predictors of symptom improvement (change in MPQ).Results WAM + HC improved MPQ scores (β = −0.25, P = 0.02), LPA (β = 0.23, P = 0.04), MVPA (β = 0.21, P = 0.03), and total SB (β = −0.24, P = 0.03) compared with WLC over time. Both WAM + HC and WAM had significantly higher PGIC compared with WLC (P < 0.05). Change in prolonged SB was the only significant predictor of change in MPQ (β = 0.48, P = 0.01).Conclusions WAM + HC may be effective for changing activity-related behaviors and improving CLBP. Furthermore, reducing prolonged SB may be a meaningful target for future interventions in CLBP. Research focused on reducing prolonged SB including larger samples, and examining changes in symptoms will be important for identifying optimal translational treatment strategies for CLBP. PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Ferguson-Stegall; Lisa; Shanley, Brenden J.; Huch, Alyssa D.; Puterbaugh, Brandon J.; Faust, Lauren; Phousirith, Anoulack; Scheel, Hannah; Williams, Alicia; Webb, Meghan; Sloop, Owen; Smet, Marisa Abstract:Introduction/Purpose The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Hypertension Guidelines lowered the threshold for hypertension, and more individuals are likely to be diagnosed with elevated blood pressure (BP; 120–129/ PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Vermeesch; Amber L.; Bustamante, Eduardo E.; Coleman, Nailah; Goldsby, TaShauna; Hasson, Rebecca E.; Hooker, Steven P.; Marquez, David X.; Conroy, Molly B. Abstract:Purpose Communities of underserved and vulnerable populations (UVP) are particularly at risk for the negative health consequences related to inadequate physical activity. UVP include individuals from the following groups: racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with disability, those from rural and inner-city areas, elderly and pediatric populations, undocumented immigrants and political refugees, the uninsured/underinsured, those with low income, individuals with chronic medical conditions, non-English-speaking populations, and those with limited health literacy. Exercise Is Medicine (EIM®), launched in 2007 by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Medical Association®, is a population health initiative aimed at assessing and promoting physical activity among all populations in the United States. The rationale for this commentary is to describe challenges in implementing EIM® in UVP, discuss potential solutions to these challenges, and share lessons learned from a decade of work in this area to maximize the impact of EIM® in UVP and thereby increase physical activity levels in UVP.Methods The ACSM Underserved and Community Health Committee developed a series of symposia presented at the ACSM Annual Meetings in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 to address EIM® in UVP in terms of barriers, opportunities, health policy, dissemination, and implementation. These symposia included both committee members and other national experts in relevant fields of health disparities, health policy, implementation science, and health care delivery. Symposia highlights and relevant updates were collated by a writing group of committee members for this commentary and organized by applying the Socioecological Model (i.e., individual, relationship, community, societal levels).Results Recommendations regarding best practices for EIM® dissemination and implementation among UVP are presented for healthcare providers, exercise professionals, and patients. Key findings include the importance of tailoring EIM® interventions to improve service to UVP and increase their access to EIM® resources.Conclusion For EIM® to achieve its aim of moving the needle on population health by increasing activity, it will need continued focus on EIM® implementation among UVP communities with the highest rates of chronic disease and the lowest rates of physical activity. PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Bretzin; Abigail C.; Hines, Julia N.D.; Ferguson, David P. Abstract:Purpose Optimal concussion management includes early recognition, immediate removal from competition, and diagnosis of concussion. However, because of varied medical access, concussion detection in the automobile racing is challenging, warranting further investigation into concussion knowledge, attitudes, and reporting behaviors. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to characterize concussion knowledge, attitudes, and report behaviors in the specialized motorsport format of “sports car racing.”Methods A total of 59 racing drivers participating in the Pirelli World Challenge racing series completed a cross-sectional paper-and-pencil survey. Scores for symptom recognition, knowledge, and attitudes of concussion, and describe reporting behaviors were reported.Results Drivers commonly recognized confusion (94.4%), headache (92.6%), loss of consciousness (90.7%), and blurred vision (88.9%) as signs of concussion. Sleep problems were the least recognized (48.2%) symptom. Total knowledge score averaged 34.65 ± 4.7 out of 42, and total attitude score was 45.11 ± 3.5 out of 49. Over half of drivers (55.2%) who recalled a racing-related concussion indicated that they reported all their concussions to a medical professional or teammate. The most common reasons for reporting a concussion included they did not want to have any further damage to their brain (31.0%), they thought that they had a concussion (20.7%), and they were scared (13.7%); common reasons for nondisclosure included not wanting to let their team down (15.4%) and not thinking it was serious (15.4%).Conclusions Drivers correctly identified common concussion signs and symptoms, and had favorable concussion knowledge and attitudes. Over half of drivers who recalled a previous driving-related concussion indicated that they reported their injury to a medical professional or teammate. The application of the present investigation will inform the health care team working at racing events to help manage concussions. PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Clevenger; Kimberly A.; Pfeiffer, Karin A. Abstract:Introduction/Purpose Physical activity in young children is influenced by the childcare physical activity environment. Identifying differences between home-based programs and licensed centers can inform future interventions to facilitate physical activity and its benefits for all children. Our purpose was to compare the physical activity environment in home-based (n = 70) and licensed (n = 54) childcares.Methods Teachers/directors completed an electronic survey regarding respondent/program characteristics, the outdoor/indoor environment, and barriers to promoting physical activity. T-tests and Fisher’s exact tests compared outcomes by program type.Results Home-based programs had more overall (+1.5), active (+0.5), and attractive (+0.6) natural elements, and more portable or fixed (+1.9), creative fixed (+0.9), and screen time (+0.7) equipment compared with licensed centers, which were rated higher quality (+8.9 out of 50 points). Home-based programs provided more indoor time for physical activity (+2.1 min·h−1) and naptime (+3.1 min·h−1), similar outdoor and television time, longer bouts of indoor teacher-led activity (+6.1 min), and higher levels of activity while indoors (+0.5 on a scale from 1 to 7) compared with licensed centers. The most commonly reported barrier to promoting activity was cost of equipment (82.9%–87.8% of programs).Conclusions Despite being rated as lower quality by the state, home-based programs have many physical-activity-promoting attributes. Although some of our findings are in contrast to the extant literature, this may be due to the strong policies regarding home-based childcare programs in place in Michigan. Future research may aim to compare with other states and understand how these environmental differences impact physical activity participation. PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Redlinger; Fanny; Sicard, Veronik; Caron, Gabriel; Ellemberg, Dave Abstract:Introduction/Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term (3+ months) consequences of concussion across cognitive domains (processing speed, memory, attention, and executive functions) and subdomains in young adult athletes (university, professional, or recreational).Methods Six databases (EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane List of Registered Trials) were searched for studies that compared cognitive performance between athletes with a history of concussion (HOC) and control athletes who never sustained a brain injury. Thus, the analyses were restricted to the studies investigating sports concussions.Results Nineteen studies, including 20 independent experiments with 1514 participants (521 HOC athletes, 1184 controls), were identified. Athletes from the HOC group sustained an average of 2.40 ± 0.99 concussions, with an average of 29.88 ± 19.26 months after injury. Importantly, all HOC athletes were tested at least 3 months after their most recent concussion. The results indicated significant medium-to-large group differences (Hedges’ g = 0.55–1.03; P values < 0.0001) for executive functions subdomains on both standardized clinical tests and screening tools. Specifically, HOC athletes had lower cognitive performance relative to controls in strategy generation/regulation, verbal set-shifting and interference management on standardized clinical tests (Regensburger verbal fluency S words and G/R words), and response inhibition (ImPACT Impulse Control composite) and prospective working memory (Cogstate two-back task) on screening tools. Encoding phase of visual memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test) on standardized clinical tests approached significance (Hedges’ g = 0.40; P values = 0.08).Conclusions The current findings provide a preliminary guideline to clinicians for the assessment of cognition in HOC athletes and inform future guidelines on common data elements of sport-related concussions. PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Pomeroy; Alexander; Bates, Lauren C.; Stoner, Lee; Weaver, Mark A.; Moore, Justin B.; Nepocatych, Svetlana; Higgins, Simon Abstract:Context As many as 76.7% of U.S. young adults have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Often undetected, metabolic syndrome risk factors cluster with other risk factors increasing risk of future cardiometabolic disease. The prevention of metabolic syndrome risk accrual through early behavioral interventions is crucial for at-risk populations.Objectives This article outlines the protocol for the Health E Start study, including objectives, methodology, ethics, and dissemination. Additionally, we discuss the goals of the National Institutes of Health Research Enhancement Award (R15) that funded this project and how this funding will facilitate the comprehensive training of undergraduate researchers. The long-term goal of the study is to develop a theoretically driven intervention for the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk development in college students. To facilitate this goal, the aims are to identify 1) the behavioral targets for the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk development and 2) the motivations behind such behaviors to develop a theoretical framework for use in intervention design.Design This is a longitudinal observational design setting.Setting This study focuses on the transition from living at home to independent living at colleges across the United States.Participants The participants of this study are high school seniors (n = 150) who will be transitioning to college within 3 months of graduating.Main Outcome Measure For aim 1, metabolic syndrome risk will be quantified into a risk score using a principal components analysis of traditional risk factors. Associations between changes in lifestyle behaviors and changes in the risk score will identify population-specific behavioral targets. For aim 2, changes in psychological, social, and environmental antecedents of observed behaviors will be identified.Conclusions Identifying the relationship between behavior change and metabolic syndrome risk and the psychosocial and environmental predictors of observed behavior changes will facilitate the design of targeted interventions for the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk progression in the early college years. PubDate: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT-
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
Introduction Behavioral treatments, like increasing physical activity (PA), are recommended for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Finding methods for promoting behavior change with potential for translatability as well as effective behavioral targets remains challenging.Purpose This randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of low-dose facilitated health coaching with activity monitors to improve PA and sedentary behaviors (SB), symptoms, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in CLBP. A secondary purpose was identifying behaviors associated with symptom change to inform future trials.Methods Seventy-one adults with CLBP were randomized to receive a wearable activity monitor alone (WAM) or with one primary session of health coaching and two check-ins based on motivational interviewing (WAM + HC) or a wait-list control (WLC) condition for 12 wk. Moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), total and prolonged SB (i.e., sedentary>60 min per bout), and pain (Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)) were assessed before and after intervention along with PGIC. Regression analyses examined group differences in MVPA, LPA, total and prolonged SB, MPQ, and PGIC after intervention as well as behavioral predictors of symptom improvement (change in MPQ).Results WAM + HC improved MPQ scores (β = −0.25, P = 0.02), LPA (β = 0.23, P = 0.04), MVPA (β = 0.21, P = 0.03), and total SB (β = −0.24, P = 0.03) compared with WLC over time. Both WAM + HC and WAM had significantly higher PGIC compared with WLC (P < 0.05). Change in prolonged SB was the only significant predictor of change in MPQ (β = 0.48, P = 0.01).Conclusions WAM + HC may be effective for changing activity-related behaviors and improving CLBP. Furthermore, reducing prolonged SB may be a meaningful target for future interventions in CLBP. Research focused on reducing prolonged SB including larger samples, and examining changes in symptoms will be important for identifying optimal translational treatment strategies for CLBP.
Introduction/Purpose The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Hypertension Guidelines lowered the threshold for hypertension, and more individuals are likely to be diagnosed with elevated blood pressure (BP; 120–129/
Purpose Communities of underserved and vulnerable populations (UVP) are particularly at risk for the negative health consequences related to inadequate physical activity. UVP include individuals from the following groups: racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with disability, those from rural and inner-city areas, elderly and pediatric populations, undocumented immigrants and political refugees, the uninsured/underinsured, those with low income, individuals with chronic medical conditions, non-English-speaking populations, and those with limited health literacy. Exercise Is Medicine (EIM®), launched in 2007 by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Medical Association®, is a population health initiative aimed at assessing and promoting physical activity among all populations in the United States. The rationale for this commentary is to describe challenges in implementing EIM® in UVP, discuss potential solutions to these challenges, and share lessons learned from a decade of work in this area to maximize the impact of EIM® in UVP and thereby increase physical activity levels in UVP.Methods The ACSM Underserved and Community Health Committee developed a series of symposia presented at the ACSM Annual Meetings in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 to address EIM® in UVP in terms of barriers, opportunities, health policy, dissemination, and implementation. These symposia included both committee members and other national experts in relevant fields of health disparities, health policy, implementation science, and health care delivery. Symposia highlights and relevant updates were collated by a writing group of committee members for this commentary and organized by applying the Socioecological Model (i.e., individual, relationship, community, societal levels).Results Recommendations regarding best practices for EIM® dissemination and implementation among UVP are presented for healthcare providers, exercise professionals, and patients. Key findings include the importance of tailoring EIM® interventions to improve service to UVP and increase their access to EIM® resources.Conclusion For EIM® to achieve its aim of moving the needle on population health by increasing activity, it will need continued focus on EIM® implementation among UVP communities with the highest rates of chronic disease and the lowest rates of physical activity.
Purpose Optimal concussion management includes early recognition, immediate removal from competition, and diagnosis of concussion. However, because of varied medical access, concussion detection in the automobile racing is challenging, warranting further investigation into concussion knowledge, attitudes, and reporting behaviors. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to characterize concussion knowledge, attitudes, and report behaviors in the specialized motorsport format of “sports car racing.”Methods A total of 59 racing drivers participating in the Pirelli World Challenge racing series completed a cross-sectional paper-and-pencil survey. Scores for symptom recognition, knowledge, and attitudes of concussion, and describe reporting behaviors were reported.Results Drivers commonly recognized confusion (94.4%), headache (92.6%), loss of consciousness (90.7%), and blurred vision (88.9%) as signs of concussion. Sleep problems were the least recognized (48.2%) symptom. Total knowledge score averaged 34.65 ± 4.7 out of 42, and total attitude score was 45.11 ± 3.5 out of 49. Over half of drivers (55.2%) who recalled a racing-related concussion indicated that they reported all their concussions to a medical professional or teammate. The most common reasons for reporting a concussion included they did not want to have any further damage to their brain (31.0%), they thought that they had a concussion (20.7%), and they were scared (13.7%); common reasons for nondisclosure included not wanting to let their team down (15.4%) and not thinking it was serious (15.4%).Conclusions Drivers correctly identified common concussion signs and symptoms, and had favorable concussion knowledge and attitudes. Over half of drivers who recalled a previous driving-related concussion indicated that they reported their injury to a medical professional or teammate. The application of the present investigation will inform the health care team working at racing events to help manage concussions.
Introduction/Purpose Physical activity in young children is influenced by the childcare physical activity environment. Identifying differences between home-based programs and licensed centers can inform future interventions to facilitate physical activity and its benefits for all children. Our purpose was to compare the physical activity environment in home-based (n = 70) and licensed (n = 54) childcares.Methods Teachers/directors completed an electronic survey regarding respondent/program characteristics, the outdoor/indoor environment, and barriers to promoting physical activity. T-tests and Fisher’s exact tests compared outcomes by program type.Results Home-based programs had more overall (+1.5), active (+0.5), and attractive (+0.6) natural elements, and more portable or fixed (+1.9), creative fixed (+0.9), and screen time (+0.7) equipment compared with licensed centers, which were rated higher quality (+8.9 out of 50 points). Home-based programs provided more indoor time for physical activity (+2.1 min·h−1) and naptime (+3.1 min·h−1), similar outdoor and television time, longer bouts of indoor teacher-led activity (+6.1 min), and higher levels of activity while indoors (+0.5 on a scale from 1 to 7) compared with licensed centers. The most commonly reported barrier to promoting activity was cost of equipment (82.9%–87.8% of programs).Conclusions Despite being rated as lower quality by the state, home-based programs have many physical-activity-promoting attributes. Although some of our findings are in contrast to the extant literature, this may be due to the strong policies regarding home-based childcare programs in place in Michigan. Future research may aim to compare with other states and understand how these environmental differences impact physical activity participation.
Introduction/Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term (3+ months) consequences of concussion across cognitive domains (processing speed, memory, attention, and executive functions) and subdomains in young adult athletes (university, professional, or recreational).Methods Six databases (EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane List of Registered Trials) were searched for studies that compared cognitive performance between athletes with a history of concussion (HOC) and control athletes who never sustained a brain injury. Thus, the analyses were restricted to the studies investigating sports concussions.Results Nineteen studies, including 20 independent experiments with 1514 participants (521 HOC athletes, 1184 controls), were identified. Athletes from the HOC group sustained an average of 2.40 ± 0.99 concussions, with an average of 29.88 ± 19.26 months after injury. Importantly, all HOC athletes were tested at least 3 months after their most recent concussion. The results indicated significant medium-to-large group differences (Hedges’ g = 0.55–1.03; P values < 0.0001) for executive functions subdomains on both standardized clinical tests and screening tools. Specifically, HOC athletes had lower cognitive performance relative to controls in strategy generation/regulation, verbal set-shifting and interference management on standardized clinical tests (Regensburger verbal fluency S words and G/R words), and response inhibition (ImPACT Impulse Control composite) and prospective working memory (Cogstate two-back task) on screening tools. Encoding phase of visual memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test) on standardized clinical tests approached significance (Hedges’ g = 0.40; P values = 0.08).Conclusions The current findings provide a preliminary guideline to clinicians for the assessment of cognition in HOC athletes and inform future guidelines on common data elements of sport-related concussions.
Context As many as 76.7% of U.S. young adults have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Often undetected, metabolic syndrome risk factors cluster with other risk factors increasing risk of future cardiometabolic disease. The prevention of metabolic syndrome risk accrual through early behavioral interventions is crucial for at-risk populations.Objectives This article outlines the protocol for the Health E Start study, including objectives, methodology, ethics, and dissemination. Additionally, we discuss the goals of the National Institutes of Health Research Enhancement Award (R15) that funded this project and how this funding will facilitate the comprehensive training of undergraduate researchers. The long-term goal of the study is to develop a theoretically driven intervention for the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk development in college students. To facilitate this goal, the aims are to identify 1) the behavioral targets for the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk development and 2) the motivations behind such behaviors to develop a theoretical framework for use in intervention design.Design This is a longitudinal observational design setting.Setting This study focuses on the transition from living at home to independent living at colleges across the United States.Participants The participants of this study are high school seniors (n = 150) who will be transitioning to college within 3 months of graduating.Main Outcome Measure For aim 1, metabolic syndrome risk will be quantified into a risk score using a principal components analysis of traditional risk factors. Associations between changes in lifestyle behaviors and changes in the risk score will identify population-specific behavioral targets. For aim 2, changes in psychological, social, and environmental antecedents of observed behaviors will be identified.Conclusions Identifying the relationship between behavior change and metabolic syndrome risk and the psychosocial and environmental predictors of observed behavior changes will facilitate the design of targeted interventions for the prevention of metabolic syndrome risk progression in the early college years.
